Paper 11

International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology,
Vol. 3, No.6, 2011

Generation and Propagation of SH Waves due to body
Forces in a Pre-Stressed Viscoelastic Half-Space

1
Inder Singh Gupta and Anand Sharma
2
1
Department of Mathematics, J.V.M.G.R.R. (P.G.) College, Charkhi- Dadri , Haryana, India
is_gupta@yahoo.com

2
Department of Mathematics , Jagdishpradsad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University,Jhunjhunu , Rajasthan, India
sharmaanand99@gmail.com

Abstract
The effect of initial stress is studied on the propagation of SH waves produced by body forces in a
semi-infinite viscoelastic medium. The expressions for the displacements are derived in closed form
for a point force and a point torque at a fixed distance from the surface. The problem is solved using
Biots incremental deformation theory with the help of Laplace and Fourier transforms. Results are
shown graphically.

Keywords: Viscoelastic Media, Body Forces, SH waves, Pre-stressed Medium, Laplace Transforms,
Fourier Transforms.

1. Introduction

During earthquakes, surface waves carry the greatest amount of energy from shallow shocks and are
of primary cause of destruction. Hence waves propagating over the surface of homogeneous and
inhomogeneous elastic half-spaces are a well-known and prominent feature of wave theory. The
problem regarding the disturbance produced in a semi-infinite isotropic elastic solid due to different
body forces has been studied by several authors like Cagniard (1939), Nag (1962), and Nag and Pal
(1977) etc.
Researchers in Geophysics have become increasingly aware of the necessity to incorporate the
effects of inelastic processes into their models for examining the behavior of the Earth, following a
seismic event. Assuming that the influences of viscosity cannot be neglected, Jeffreys (1931) discussed
the propagation of wave in a viscoelastic medium generated by step-pulse disturbance. Bhattacharya
(1962) observed that there is strong SH-motion in clay (Viscoelastic) lying over an elastic material due
to explosions. Sarkar (1963) found out the motion due to time dependent body force in a semi-infinite
homogeneous isotropic, viscoelastic medium.
The earths crust and subcrust can be anisotropic in nature, in addition to being viscous. Futhermore
, the earth is an initially stressed medium. Due to presence of external loading, variations in
temperature ,slow process and gravitational field contribute a considerable amount of stresses (called
prestresses or initial stresses) which remain naturally present in the layer.These stresses have great
effect on the propagation of elastic waves .The study of SH-waves is important to seismologist for its
possible application in prediction of earth structure and analyses of earth-quakes .The most satisfactory
theory was given by Biot(1965) who considered the medium is initially stress.
Chakraborty(1985)assumed that the medium under initial stress remains isotropic for incremental plane
strain for studying the effect of initial stress and viscosity on the surface displacements due to different
type of body forces.
Recently Sharma and Garg (2006) derived the modified christoffel equations for three dimensional
wave propagation in a general anisotropic medium under initial stress. They showed that there exists
three types of quasi-waves in the medium. Effect of initial stress on wave propagation is observed
through the deviations in phase velocity, group velocity and ray direction for each of the quasi-waves.

December Issue Page 86 of 140 ISSN 2229 5216
International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology

Destrade et al. (2009 ) studied the small amplitude wave superimposed on a large static deformation
in a nonlinear viscoelastic material of different type. They used bulk waves and surface waves to
address the questions of dissipation and material and geometry stability.
Gupta et al.(2010) investigated the effect of initial stress on propagation of Love waves in an
anisotropic porous layer .The dispersion equation of phase velocity had been derived for Love waves.
Chattopadhyay et al. (2010) studied the propagation of torsional waves in an inhomogeneous isotropic
layer whose material properties vary harmonically with a space variable laying over a semi-infinite
inhomogeneous isotropic half space. The closed form solutions for the displacement in the layer and
half-space are obtained.
The present problem studies the effect of initial stresses on SH-type motion generated due to body
forces in a viscoelastic medium of the standard linear type. The expression for the surface displacement
in terms of modified Bessel functions has also been derived. The results depict the effect of initial
stresses and the viscoelastic damping characteristics explicitly. The displacements due to a point force
and a point torque at depth below the free surface have been found in closed form. Numerical results
are obtained for different degrees of viscoelasticity and at different distances along the surface with
varying initial stresses.
.

2. Basic Theory

Consider a homogeneous elastic medium in a state of initial stress. The material is either isotropic in
finite strain or anisotropic with orthotropic symmetry. The principal directions of initial stresses are
chosen to coincide with the direction of elastic symmetry and the co-ordinate axes. The state of initial
stress is, therefore, defined by the principal components S
11
, S
22
and S
33
of the initial stress. Then the
general form of Biots field equations for pre-stressed solids in the presence of external forces X
i
is
(Tolstoy,1982)
(1)
where is density, u
i
are displacement components and
e
ij
=
2
1
(u
i,j
+ u
j,i
),

ij
=
2
1
(u
i,j
u
j,i
), (2)
u
i,j
=
t
u
u ,
x
u
i
t , i
j
i
c
c
=
c
c
,
e = u
i,i
and X
i,j
=
j
i
x
X
c
c
etc.
AX
i
be components of the incremental body forces along the axis which are assumed to satisfy the
equation
. (3)

being the incremental of the overall external force field due to deformation of the body as a
whole. It is assumed that X
i
is constant so that X
i,j
= 0.
The S
ij
are the components of prestress which are assumed to satisfy the equilibrium equations.
S
jk,j
+ X
k
= 0, (4)
and are related to initial strain e
ij
by Hookes law
S
ij
= e
kk
o
ij
+ 2 e
ij
. (4a)
The incremental stresses s
ij
are supposed to be linearly related to the incremental strains e
ij
through the
incremental coefficients B
ij
and q
i
.
s
11
=
11 12
u v w
B B
x y z
| | c c c
+ +
|
c c c
\ .
,
s
22
= (B
12
P)
22 23
u v w
B B
x y z
c c c
+ +
c c c
,
s
33
= (B
12
P)
23 22
u v w
B B
x y z
c c c
+ +
c c c
, (5)
s
12
=q
2

|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
x
v
y
u
,
s
13
= q
2

u w
z x
c c | |
+
|
c c
\ .
,
s
23
= q
1

w v
y z
| | c c
+
|
c c
\ .
,
where
(x, y, z) = (x
1
, x
2
, x
3
), (6)
(u, v, w) = (u
1
, u
2
, u
3
),
(X, Y, Z) =(X
1
, X
2
, X
3
).
Further
B
11
= (2 + ) (1 + e
11
2e
22
),
B
22
= (2 + ) (1 e
11
),
B
12
= (1 e
22
) S
11
,
B
23
= (1 e
11
) S
33
, (7)
P = S
33
S
11
,

q
1
= + ( ) e
22
+
2
1
( 2) e
11
,
q
2
= +
2
1
() (e
11
+ e
22
) +
2
1
( 2) e
22
.
, are Lames constants of the isotropic unstressed state and e
ij
are prestrains. In deriving equation
(4), we have assumed that S
22
= S
33
. On using equations (2) to (7) in equation (1), we get
Xe
z
u
y
u
A
x z
w
x y
v
A
x
u
B
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c c
c
+
c c
c
+
c
c
2
2
2
2
1
2 2
3 2
2
11

2
2
1 1
,
2 2
u u v w u
Z Y Y Z X
z y x x t

| | c c c c c | |
+ + + + A =
| |
c c c c c
\ .
\ .

Ye
z
v
q
z y
w
A
x
v
A
x y
u
A
y
v
B
c
c
+
c c
c
+
c
c
+
c c
c
+
c
c
2
2
1
2
4 2
2
2
2
3 2
2
22

2
2
1 1
,
2 2
v v w u v
X Z Z X Y
x z y y t

| | c c c c c | |
+ + + + A =
| |
c c c c c
\ .
\ .

Ze
y
w
q
z y
v
A
x
w
A
x z
u
A
z
w
B
c
c
+
c c
c
+
c
c
+
c c
c
+
c
c
2
2
1
2
4 2
2
2
2
3 2
2
22

2
2
2
1
2
1
t
w
Z
z
v
Y
z
u
X
x
w
X
y
w
Y
c
c
= A +
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
, (8)
where
A
1
= q
2
+
2
P
, A
2
= q
2

2
P
,
A
3
= B
12
+ q
2

2
P
, A
4
= B
23
+ q
1
. (9)
The expressions for incremental forces are (Biot
2
)
Af
x
= (s
11
+ S
11
e S
11
e
xx
) q
x
+ (s
12
S
22

z
S
11
e
yx
)q
y

+ (s
13
+ S
33

y
S
11
e
zx
) q
z
, (10)
Af
y
= (s
21
+ S
11

z
S
22
e
xy
) q
x
+ (s
22
+ S
22
e S
22
e
yy
)q
y

+ (s
23
S
33

x
S
22
e
zy
)q
z
,
Af
z
= (s
31
S
11

y
S
33
e
xz
) q
x
+ (s
32
+ S
22

x
S
33
e
yz
)q
y

+ (s
33
+ S
33
e S
33
e
zz
)q
z .


q
x
, q
y
and q
z
are the direction cosines of the outward drawn normal to the boundary before
deformation and

x
=
23
,
y
=
31
,
z
=
12
, S
22
= S
33
. (11)

3. Formulation of the Problem and Basic Equations

For present problem, we assume that the whole medium is under constant initial compressive stress P
= S
11
. Here we consider only SH-type motion with the assumption that displacement and body forces
are independent of y. We put
u = w = S
22
= S
33
= X = Y = Z = AX = AZ = 0,
y c
c
0 .
The first and third equations in (8) are identically satisfied and the second equation in (8) reduces to
A
2

2
2
2
2
1
2
2
t
v
Y
z
v
q
x
v
c
c
= A +
c
c
+
c
c
. (12)
Here we consider a viscoelastic solid half-space (z > 0) of standard linear type .The geometry of the
problem is depicted in figure 1.

Figure1. Geometry of the problem .
For a viscoelastic medium, the equation of motion will be obtained on replacing A
2
by A
2
+ q'
t c
c
and
q
1
by q
1
+ q'
t c
c
in equation (12).

2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
t
v
Y
z
v
t
' q q
x
v
t
' q A
c
c
= A +
c
c
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+ +
c
c
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+ , (13)
where q' is related to viscoelastic parameter. It is assumed that ,
O
X
Z

Prestressed
Viscoelastic
Half-space
P = S
11

P = S
11


v = V(x, z) and AY = F(x, z) , (14)
where is the frequency parameter.
With the help of equation (14), equation (13) becomes
2
V(x, z) = F(x, z)+
2 2
1 2
2 2
1
' ' ( , ) ( , )
'
q q A q V x z V x z
q q x z
e e
e
( | | | | c c
+
( | |
c c
\ . \ .
. (15)
Equation (15) may be written as

2
V(x, z) = F(x, z) + o
2

2 2
2 2 2
( , ) 1 ( , ) V x z V x z
x K z
| | c c
+
|
c c
\ .
, (16)
where
K
2
=
2
1
'
'
A q
q q
e
e
| |
|
\ .
,
o
2
=
2 1
'
.
q q
K
e
| |
|
\ .
, (17)
and it is assumed that o
2
> 0.We again assume V(x, z)0 as z .

4. Method of Solution
Let us defined Fourier transform
1
V( , ) z of V(x, z) by

1
V( , ) ( , ) z V x z

=
}
e
ix
dx (18)
and Laplace transform V
2
(, q) of
1
V (, z) by
V
2
(, q) =
1
0
V( , ) z
}
e
qz
dz . (19)
Using equations (18) and (19) in equation (16), we get
(20)
where

M = m
2
(q
2

2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
),
s s
m and k
k
o e
| |
o
| |
= = +
|
\ .
. (21)
F
2
is obtained from F by repeated application of Fourier transform and Laplace transform.

5. Boundary Condition

The boundary condition to be satisfied in the present problem is
Af
y
= 0, at z = 0. (22)
Af
y
is the incremental boundary force per unit area along y-direction. Using last equation of (5) and
second equation of (10) we can write equation (22) for prestress viscoelastic medium as
Af
y
= s
23
=
z
v
t
' q q
1
c
c
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+ = 0 at z = 0,
i.e.
0 z
z
) z , x ( V
=
(
c
c
= 0.
On applying Fourier transform the above condition reduces to

1
V '( , 0) 0 =

. (23)
Using this condition, equation (20) may be written as
V
2
(, q) =
2
2
1
( , )
V( , 0)
F q m q
M M
+ . (24)
Applying Laplace inverse transform to equation (24), we get
2
2
1 1
( , ) 1 1
V( , ) V( , 0)
2 2
v i v i
qz qz
v i v i
F q m q
z e dq e
i M i M

t t
+ +

| |
= +
|
\ .
} }

dq . (25)
Here we assume that F(x, z) is (i) the function of q, (ii) has no pole with positive real part (iii) F
2
e
qz
0
as R where q = Re
iu
,
2
3
2
t
< u <
t
. The inversion formula for Laplace Transform (19) is defined
as

1 2
1
V( , ) ( , )
2
v i
qz
v i
z e V q dq
i

t
+

=
}
. (26)
Hence the poles of the integrand are q = |
s
. Since q should be positive(Laplace parameter).
Therefore we have to evaluate residue of the integrand at q = + |
s
only. The residue of the integrand at
q = + |
s
is

1 2
1 1
V( , 0)
2 2
s
z
s
e
m
|
|
F
2
(, |
s
) . (27)
Therefore

1 1 2
1 1
V( , ) V( , 0)
2 2
s
z
s
z e
m
|

|
= F
2
(, |
s
) . (28)
Since V(x, z)0 as z implies
1
V (, z)0 as z and equation (28) becomes

2
1 2
( , )
V( , 0)
s
s
F
m
|
|
= . (29)
Taking inverse Fourier transform of equation (29), we get
V(x, 0) =
}

|
|
t
s
2
s 2
m
) , ( F
2
1
e
iz
d , (30)
where inverse formula for Fourier Transform (18) is defined as
V(x, z) =
1
1
V( )
2
z
t

,
}
e
iz
d . (31)
Putting the value of V(x, 0) in equation (14), we get
v(x, 0) =
2
2
( , )
2
t
s
s
F e
m
e
|
t |

}
e
iz
d , (32)
which gives the displacement at the free surface.
5.1 Case I Displacement due to a point force in prestressed viscoelastic half-space.
Consider a point force on z-axis at a depth h below the free surface is
F =
1
R o(x) o(z h), (33)
Where
1
R is a constant and o(x), o(z h) are Diracs delta function .
Then it is easy to calculate
F
2
(, q) =
1
R . (34)
Expression for displacement at free surface is
v(x, 0)

= V(x, 0)
=
1
2
2
s
h t i x
s
R e e e
d
m
| e
t |

}

=
2
2
1
2
2
0 2
2
hK
t
e
R e
m K
e
e
o
t
e

+
+
}
cos x d

=
1
2
t
R e
m k
e
t

I
01
(say). (35)
I
01
is directly evaluated from the tables of integral transforms as follows
I
01
= k
0

2 2 2
h k x
e
o
(
+
(

. (36)
Where K
0
(x) is a modified Bessels function of order zero. Hence the expression for displacement at
free surface due to point source at a depth h below free surface is

v(x, 0) =
2
2
1 0 2
1 2
1 2
'
' '
( ' )( ')
t
A q h x
R e K
q q h A q
q q A q
e
e e
e e
t e e
(
(
(
+
(
(

=
( )
( )
2
2
1 0 2
1 2
2
2
1 2
2
'
1
' 2 '
( ' ) 1
2( ' )
( ' ) ( ' ) 1
2 ' )
t
h q q P x
R e K
q q q q h
P
q q
q q
P
q q q q
q q
e
e e
e e
e
e
t e e
e
(
(
| |
(
+
|
|
(
| |
\ .

(
|
(
\ .

| |

|
|
\ .
. (37)
5.2 Case II. Displacement due to a point torque in a prestressed viscoelastic half-space.
Consider a point torque on z-axis at a depth h below the free surface i.e.
F =
1
R
z c
c
[o(x) o(z h)] . (38)
Then
F
2
=
1
R q . (39)
Hence ,expression for displacement at free surface is

v(x, 0) =
2 2 2 1
1
2 2 2 2
t
R h K e
K h k x
m h k x
e
e e
o
t o
(
+
(

+


=
2
2
2
1 1
1 2
2
3/ 2
2
1 2
1
'
.
' '
'
( '/ )
'
t
h A q x
R e K
q q A q h
A q x
q q
q q h
e
e e
e
e e
e
t e
e
+ (

(

2
3/ 2
2
1 1 2
1 2
2
2
2
3/ 2
2
1 2
1 2
'
1
' 2( ' )
' 1
2( ' )
.
'
( ' ) 1
' 2( ' )
t
h q q P x
R e K
q q q q h
P
q q
q q
q q P x
q q
q q q q h
e
e e
e
e e
e
e
e
t e
e e
(
(
| || |
(
+
| |
(
| |
\ .\ .

(
|
(
\ .

=
| || |
+
| |

\ .\ .

(40)
The equations (37) & (40) clearly show that the surface displacement due to different types of body
forces are influenced by initial stresses as well as the viscoelastic property of the medium.

5.3 Special Cases When the medium is free from initial compressive stress.
Sub case I. SH wave propagation from harmonic point source buried in a viscoelastic half-space.
If we put P = 0, q
1
= q
2
= and q' = ' in equation (37) ,we get the expression for the displacement at
free surface of viscoelastic half surface due to point source as
v(x, 0) =
2
1 0 2
e 1
'
1
'
1
t
h x
R K
h
e
e

e

t e

(
(
(
+
(
| || |
(
| |
(
\ .\ .

| || |
| |
\ .\ .
. (41)

Again we put ' = 0 in equation (41), we get the expression for the displacement at free surface of
elastic half-space due to a point source as
v(x, 0) =
2
1
0 2 2
1
t
R e h x
K
h
e
e
t | |
(
| |
( +
|
(
\ .

, (42)

where .
Sub case II SH wave propagation from harmonic point torque buried in a viscoelastic half-space.
Similarly , we put P = 0, q
1
= q
2
= , q' = ' in equation (40),we get
v(x, 0) =
2
1
1 3/ 2 2
3
1
' '
1 / 1
t
R e h x
K
h
e
e e

t | e e

(
(
| |
(
+
|
(
| | | | \ .
(

| |
(
\ . \ .

. (43)
Put again ' = 0 in equation (43) , we get
v(x, 0) =
2
1
1 3 2
e
1
t
R h x
K
h
e
e e
t| |
(
+ (
(

. (44)
The equations (43) & (44) clearly show the expressions for displacement in viscoelastic half -space and
elastic half space respectively.

6. Numerical Results and Discussion

For numerical results, we assume that

1 2
1 2
' '
,
q q q q e e

= O = O ,
|
2
= / and p =
2
P
. (45)
Using equation (45) in equation (37), we get
v(x, 0) =
2
2
0 2
1 2
2
2
1
2
1 2
2
1
1
.
. 1
t
h p x
K
h
p
R e
p
e
e
|
t |
(
(
| | ( O
+
|
(
O O
| | \ .
(
O
|
(
O
\ .

O O
O

On simplification we get

T. v(x, 0) =
2
2
0 2
1 2
2
2
1 2
2
1
1
. 1
h p x
K
h
p
p
e
|
(
(
| | ( O
+
|
(
O O
| | \ .
(
O
|
(
O
\ .

| |
O O
|
O
\ .
, (46)
where T =
2
1
.
t
e
R
e
t |

Similarly equation (40) becomes
v(x, 0) =
2
2
1 1 2
1 2
2
2
2
3 3/ 2
2
1 2
1 2
1
1
,
( ) 1
t
h p x
R e K
h
p
p x
h
e
e
|
t |
(
(
| | ( O
+
|
(
O O
| | \ .
(
O
|
(
O
\ .

| | O
O +
|
O O
\ .

then

T
1
.v(x, 0) =
2
2
1 2
1 2 2 2
2
3/ 2
2
1 2
1 2
. 1
(1 / )
( ) 1
h p x
K
h p
p x
h
e
|
(
| | O
( +
|
O O O O
(
\ .

| | O
O +
|
O O
\ .
(47)
where
. (48)
Putting again , the equations (46 ) and (47) become

T. v(x, 0) =
2
0 2
1
1
,
1
h p x
K
h
p
p
e
|
(
(
| |
(
+
|
(
O
\ .
| |
O (
|
O
( \ .

| |
O
|
O
\ .
(49)

and
T
1
. v(x, 0) =
2
1 2
2
3/ 2
2
1
1
.
( ) 1
h p x
K
h
p
p x
h
e
|
(
(
| |
(
+
|
(
O
\ .
| |
O (
|
O
( \ .

| |
O +
|
O
\ .
(50)

Numerical calculations are performed here for case 1 only.The values of are tabulated from
equation(49) for different values of (starting from 1 Km to 7.5Km taking step of .5), p(-.8 to .8
taking step of .1) and at different depth below the
surface . Here we put From the curves so drawn it is
inferred that the displacement decreases as increases.


Figure 2. Variation of Tv(x,0) with values of x and p at depth below the surface h = 10 Km .
Figure 3. Variation of Tv(x,0) with values of x at and p depth below the surface h
= 37.5Km .
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
T
v
(
x
,
0
)

x-value
h=37.5
p=-0.8 1.0e-051 *
p=-0.7 1.0e-051 *
p= -0.6 1.0e-051 *
p= -0.5 1.0e-051 *
p= -0.4 1.0e-051 *
p= -0.3 1.0e-051 *
p= -0.2 1.0e-051 *
p= -0.1 1.0e-051 *
p=0 1.0e-051 *

Figure 4. Variation of Tv(x,0) with values of x and p at depth below the surface h
= 100 Km .
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
h=100
p=-0.8 1.0e-
137 *
p=-0.7 1.0e-
137 *
p= -0.6 1.0e-
137 *
p= -0.5 1.0e-
137 *
p= -0.4 1.0e-
137 *
p= -0.3 1.0e-
137 *

Figure 5. Variation of Tv(x,0) with values of x and p at depth below the surface h
= 150 Km .

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
h=150
p=-0.8 1.0e-206 *
p=-0.7 1.0e-206 *
p= -0.6 1.0e-206
*
p= -0.5 1.0e-206
*
p= -0.4 1.0e-206
*
p= -0.3 1.0e-206
*
p= -0.2 1.0e-206
*

Figure 6. Variation of Tv(x,0) with different values of x and O.

Conclusions

The study shows that the displacement produced at the free surface of prestressed viscoelastic half-
space is highly effected by initial stresses as well as viscoelastic parameters.

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to Professor Sarva Jit Singh for his encouragement to prepare this manuscript.
One of the author(I.S. Gupta) is grateful to UGC for supporting financial help through minor project.

7. References

[1] Bhattacharya J., On the strong SH-motion in clay overlying hard elastic material due to
explosions.Pure appl. Geophysics, Vol. 52,no.11,pp. 1-6 ,1962.
[2] Biot M.A., Mechanics of Incremental Deformation, John Wiley and Sons. Inc.,New York ,1965.
[3] Cagniard L., Reflection or reflection des order seismiques progressive. Gauthier Villars, Parsis,
1939.
[4] Chakraborty M., Disturbance of SH-type due to body forces and due to shearing stress-
discontinuity in a pre-stressed semi-infinite viscoelastic medium .Indian J. Pure appl.
Math. ,Vol,16,no.3, pp.309-322 1985.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Variation of sigma
=.1 1.0e-051 *
= -0.1
= -0.2
=1 1.0e-017 *

[5] Chattopadhyay A.,Gupta S.,Kumari P. and Sharma V.K.,Propagation of torsional waves in an
inhomogeneous layer over an inhomogeneous half-space.Meccanica (Springer Verlag),DOI
10.1007/s11012-010-9329-5[I.F-0.892],2010.
[6] Destrade M.,Ogden R.W.and Saccomandi G.,Small amplitude waves and stability for a pre-
stressed viscoelastic solid.Zeitschrift f r Angewandte Mathematik und
Physik(ZAMP).,Vol.60,no3,pp.511-528,2009.
[7] Ewing W.M., Jardetzky W.S. and Press F., Elastic waves in a layered media, McGraw-Hill Book
Company New York 1957.
[8] Gupta S., Chattopadhyay A. and Majhi D.K.,Effect of initial stress on propagation of love waves
in an anisotropic porous layer.Journal of Solid Mechanics .,Vol.21,pp.50-62,2010.
[9] Jeffreys H., Damping in bodily seismic waves. Geophys.J.I.R.A.S (Geo. Suppl),Vol. 2, pp.318-
323 ,1931.
[10] Nag K.R., Disturbance due to shearing stress discontinuity in a semi-infinite elastic medium.
Geophys, J.R. Astr. Soc., Vol.6,pp. 468 ,1962.
[11] Nag K. R. and Pal P.C., Disturbance of SH-type due to shearing stress discontinuity in a layered
half-space. Geophys. Res. Bull .,Vol.15,pp. 13-22 ,1977.
[12] Sarkar A.K., On SH type of motion due to body forces and due to stress discontinuity in a semi-
infinite viscoelastic medium. Pure Appl. Geophys ,Vol.55,pp. 42-52 ,1963.
[13] Sharma M.D. and Garg N.,Wave velocities in a prestressed anisotropic elastic medium.Journal
Earth System Science,Vol.115,no.2,pp.257-265,2006.
[14] Tolstoy I., On elastic waves in prestressed solids. J. Geophys. Res.,Vol. 87,p.p6823-6827 ,1982.

Authors Profile

Dr. I.S. Gupta received his Ph.D degree in 1990 from MD University,Rohtak, India
He is a life member of ISTAM, IAENG and senior member of IACSIT, Singapore .
He is working Head Department of Mathematics, J.V.M.G.R.R(P.G)
College,Charkhi Dadri,Bhiwani,Haryana.He has also written many mathematics
books for Undergraduate courses .

Anand Sharma Received his M.S.c degree in Mathematics from MDS ,Ajmer ,
India in 2001.He is currently research scholar with JJT University,Rajasthan.

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Vol. 3, No.6, 2011

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