Vol. 11, No.

1-2-3, Spring 2000 ISSN 1084-2810

SMARANDACHE NOTIONS JOURNAL

Mathematical Association
of the
UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA
The table on the first cover represents a Smarandache Group under
the operation /+4\ [Talukdar, 19].

This journal is an extension of the "Smarandache Function

Journal", ISBN 1053-4792, Vol. 1-6, 1990-1995.

SNJ is yearly published (in the Spring - and sometimes in the

Fall) in a 250-350 pages volume, and 800-1000 copies.

SNJ is a referred journal.

SNJ is reviewed, indexed, citated by the following journals:

"Zentralblatt Fhr Mathematik" (Germany), "Referativnyi Zhurnal"
and "Matematika" (Academia Nauk, Russia), "Mathematical Reviews"
(USA), "Computing Review" (USA), "Libertas Mathematica" (USA),
"Octogon" (Romania), "Indian Science Abstracts" (India), "Ulrich's
International Periodicals Directory" (USA), "Gale Directory of
Publications and Broadcast Media" (USA), "Historia Mathematica"
(USA), "Journal of Recreational Mathematics" (USA), "The
Mathematical Gazette" (U.K.), "Abstracts of Papers Presented to
the American Mathematical Society" (USA), "Personal Computer
World" (U.K.), "Mathematical Spectrum" (U.K.), "Bulletin of Pure
and Applied Sciences" (India), Institute for Scientific
Information (PA, USA), "Library of Congress Subject Headings"
(USA).

SNJ is catalogued by the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.,

at Call# QA246 .S63.

Copyright 2000
by Mathematical Association of the University of
Craiova, 13 Al. I. Cuza Street, R-1100, Romania.

Referents:
Y. V. Chebrakov, Department of Mathematics,
St.-Petersburg Technical University,
Nevsky 3-11, 191186, St.-Petersburg, Russia.
Ion Goian, Department of Algebra, Number Theory, and Logic,
State University of Kishinev, Republic of Moldova.
Florian Luca, Mathematical Institute, Czech Academy of
Sciences, Zitna 25, 11567 Praha 1, Czech Republic.
Vasile Marin, Department of Algebra, Number Theory, and Logic,
State University of Kishinev, Republic of Moldova.
Amarnath Murthy, S. E. (E&T), Well Logging Services, Oil And
Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., Sabarmati, Ahmedbad, India -
380005.
Sebastian Martin Ruiz, Avda. De Regla, 43,
Chipiona 11550 (Cadiz), Spain.
Dr. Felice Russo, Via A. Infante 7, 67051 Avezzano (Aq), Italy.
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 Sabin T|bârc|, Department of Computer Science,
<Transilvania> University, BraÕov, Romania.
Dwiraj Talukdar, Head Department of Mathematics, Nalbari
College, Nalbari, Assam, India.

ASSOCIATE EDITORIAL BOARD:

Charles Ashbacher, Charles Ashbacher Technologies, Box 294,

119 Northwood Drive, Hiawatha, Iowa 52233, USA.
Krassimir Atanassov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box
12 MRL, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
Robert Backstrom, Post Office 162, Gymea, New Wales,
Australia.
Mihaly Bencze, Str. H|rmanului 6, 2212 S|cele 3, Jud. BraÕov,
Romania.
Emil Burton, Department of Mathematics, University of Cluj-
Napoca, Romania.
Ion Cojocaru & Sorin Cojocaru, Department of Mathematics,
University of Craiova, Romania.
Constantin Corduneanu, Department of Mathematics, University
of Texas at Arlington, USA.
Micha Fleuren, Acaciastraat 16, 6598 BC Heyen, The
Netherlands.
Patrick De Geest, Oppemlaan 141, B-1970 Wezembeek-Oppem,
Belgium.
Henry Ibstedt, Glimminge 2036, 280 60 Broby, Sweden.
Maohua Le, Department of Mathematics, Zhanjiang Normal
College, 29 Cunjin Road, Chikan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R.
China.
A.A.K. Majumdar, Department of Mathematics, Jahangirnagar
University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
Mike Mudge, 22 Gors Fach, Pwll-Trap, St Clears,
Carmarthenshire, Dyfed SA33 4AQ, United Kingdom.
Jean Normand, 3, square Robinson, 92330 Sceaux, France.
Stefan Porubsky, Department of Mathematics, Institute of
Chemical Technology, Technicka 1905, 16628 Prague 6, Czech
Republic.
E. R|descu & N. R|descu, Department of Mathematics,
University of Craiova, Romania.
Carmen RocÕoreanu, Department of Mathematics, University of
Craiova, Romania.
Francisco Bellot Rosado, Dos de Mayo 16-8E dcha, E-47004
Valladolid, Spain.
Jozsef Sandor, Department of Mathematics, BabeÕ-Bolyai
University, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
K. R. S. Sastry, Jeevan Sandhya, Doddakalsandra Post,
Raghuvana Halli, Bangalore 560 062, India.
Y. A. Shmagin, Department of Mathematics, St.-Petersburg
Technical University, Nevsky 3-11, 191186,
3
St.-Petersburg, Russia.
Vera W. de Spinadel, Centro de Matematica y Diseno MAyDI,
Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseno y Urbanismo, Universidad
de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Homer B. Tilton, Department of Mathematics, Phisics, and
Astronomy, Pima Community College, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

INDICATIONS TO AUTHORS

Authors of papers concerning any of Smarandache type functions,

numbers, sequences, integer algorithms, paradoxes, experimental
non-euclidean geometries, algebraic structures, neutrosophic
probability/statistics/set/logic, quantum physics, etc. are
encouraged to submit manuscripts to the Editors:

V. Seleacu & I. B|l|cenoiu

Department of Mathematics
University of Craiova, Romania.

The submitted manuscripts may be in the format of remarks,

conjectures, solved/unsolved or open new proposed problems, notes,
articles, miscellaneous, etc. They must be original work and
camera ready [typewritten/computerized, format: 8.5 x 11 inches (.
21,6 x 28 cm)]. They are not returned, hence we advise the
authors to keep a copy.
The title of the paper should be writting with capital letters.
The author's name has to apply in the middle of the line, near
the title. References should be mentioned in the text by a number
in square brackets and should be listed alphabetically. Current
address followed by e-mail address should apply at the end of the
paper, after the references.
The paper should have at the beginning an up to a half-page
abstract, followed by the key words.
All manuscripts are subject to anonymous review by two or more
independent sources.
Every letter will be answered.
The authors will receive free copies of the journal.

Papers in electronic form are accepted. They can be e-mailed in

Microsoft Word 97 (or lower) for Windows 98, WordPerfect 6.0 (or
lower) for Windows 95, HTML, or text files.

Books on Smarandache notions can be ordered from:

Bell & Howell Information and Learning
(former University of Microfilm International)
300 North Zeeb Road
P.O. Box 1346
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1346, USA
Tel.: 1-800-521-0600 ext. 4806.

In year 2000 our journal celebrates 10 years of existence.

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ARTICLES:
DWIRAJ TALUKDAR, D-Form Of Smarandache Groupoid . . . . . . . . 5
DWIRAJ TAKUKDAR, The Notions Of The Smarandache Group And The
Smarandache Boolean Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ANGELA VASIU, NICOLAIE OPREA, From Bolyai’s Geometry To
Smarandache Anti-Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
ANGELA VASIU, Smarandache’s New Geometries: A Provocation For An
Ammelioration Of Human Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
SABIN TABIRCA, TATIANA TABIRCA, The Average Of The Erdos Function
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
SABIN TABIRCA, TATIANA TABIRCA, On The Convergence Of The Erdos
Harmonic Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
FELICE RUSSO, An Experimental Evidence On The Validity Of Third
Smarandache Conjecture On Primes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
FELICE RUSSO, Some Results About Four Smarandache U-Product
Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
FELICE RUSSO, On An Unsolved Question About The Smarandache
Square- Partial-Digital Subsequences . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
CHARLES ASHBACHER, On A Conjecture By Russo . . . .. . . . . . 53
SEBASTIAN MARTIN RUIZ, A Functional Recurrence To Obtain The Prime
Numbers Using The Smarandache Coprime Function . . .. . . . . 56
SEBASTIAN MARTIN RUIZ, The General Term Of The Prime Number
Sequence And The Smarandache Prime Function . . . . . . . . 59
SEBASTIAN MARTIN RUIZ, Expressions Of The Smarandache Coprime
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
MLADEN V. VASSILEV-MISSANA, KRASSIMIR ATANASSOV, Note On the
Diophantine Equation 2x2-3y2=p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
HRISTO ALADJOV, KRASSIMIR ATANASSOV, Remark On The 62-th
Smarandache Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
MAOHUA LE, The Integral Values Of log S(nk) . . . . . . . . . 71
kn
RONGI CHEN, MAOHUA LE, On The Functional Equation S(n)2+S(n)=kn 73
ZHONG LI, MAOHUA LE, On The Functional Equation Z(n)+φ(n)=d(n) 77
M. BENCZE, Smarandache Relationships And Subsequences . . . . 79
SYLVESTER SMITH, A Set Of Conjectures On Smarandache Sequences 86
FANEL IACOBESCU, Smarandache Partition Type And Other Sequences 93
HELEN MARIMUTHA, Smarandache Concatenate Type Sequences . . . 97
MIHALY BENCZE, Smarandache Recurrence Type Sequences . . . . . 99
SABIN TABIRCA, About Smarandache-Multiplicative Functions . . 103
ANGHEL N. RUGINA, On Smarandache Mixed Non-Euclidean
Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
K. R. S. SASTRY, Smarandache Number Related Triangles . . . . 107
CHARLES ASHBACHER, Solutions To Some Sastry Problems On
Smarandache Number Related Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . 110
MAOHUA LE, On The Difference S(Z(n))-Z(S(n)) . . . . . . . . 116
ANTHONY BEGAY, Smarandache Ceil Functions . . . . . . . . . . 117
324
CHARLES ASHBACHER, Some Problems Concerning The Smarandache
Deconstructive Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
EMIL BURTON, S-Primality Degree Of A Number And S-Prime
Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 123
E. RADESCU, Some Elementary Algebraic Considerations Inspired By
Smarandache Type Functions (II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
RONGJI CHEN, On The Functional Equation (S(n))r + (S(n))r-1 + … +
S(n) = n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
ZHONG LI, Solution Of Two Questions Concerning The Divisor
Function And The Pseudo-Smarandache Function . . . . . . . 132
J. SANDOR, On A Conjecture Of Smarandache On Prime Numbers . 136
FLORIAN LUCA, On The Smarandache Irrationality Conjecture . . 137
J. SANDOR, A Note On S(n), Where n Is An Even Perfect Number 139
STEVEN FINCH, Moments Of The Smarandache Function . . . . . . 140
GHEORGHE DINULESCU, The Intangible Absolute Truth . . . . . .. 142
Y. V. CHEBRAKOV, Advance Of Smarandache Approach To Solving
Systems Of Diophantine Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Y. V. CHEBRAKOV, V. V. SHMAGIN, Analytical Approach To Description
Of Some Combinatorial And Number-Theoretic Computative
Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
I. BALACENOIU, D. BORDEA, V. SELEACU, Numerical Functions And
Triplets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
AMARNATH MURTHY, Explorating Some New Ideas On Smarandache type
Sets, Functions And Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
AMARNATH MURTHY, Some New Smarandache Sequences, Functions And
Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
AMARNATH MURTHY, On The Divisors Of Smarandache Unary Sequence 184
CHARLES ASHBACHER, On Iterations That Alternate The Pseudo-
Smarandache And Classic Functions Of Number Theory . . . . 186
FLORIAN MUNTEANU, OCTAVIAN MUSTAFA, The Almost Presumable
Maximality Of Some Topological Lemma . . . . . . . . . . . 192
SABIN TABIRCA, TATIANA TABIRCA, On The Convergence Of The Euler
Harmonic Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
J. SANDOR, On Two Notes By M. Bencze . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
J. SANDOR, On Certain Generalizations Of The Smarandache Function
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
VASILE SELEACU, On The Numerical Function Smin-1 . . . . . . . 213
CHARLES ASHBACHER, On Numbers Where The Values Of The Pseudo-
Smarandache Function Of It And The Reversal Are Identical . 215
AMARNATH MURTHY, Smarandache Reciprocal Partition Of Unity Sets
And Sequences . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
AMARNATH MURTHY, Generalization Of Partition Function,
Introducing Smarandache Factor Partition . . . . . .. . 227
AMARNATH MURTHY, A General Result On The Smarandache Star
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
AMARNATH MURTHY, More Results And Applications Of The
Generalized Smarandache Star Function . . . . . . . . . . 253
AMARNATH MURTHY, Properties Of Smarandache Star Triangle . . 263
AMARNATH MURTHY, Smarandache Factor Partitions Of A Typical
Canonical Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
AMARNATH MURTHY, Length/Extent Of Smarandache Factor
Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
325
AMARNATH MURTHY, Some More Ideas On Smarandache Factor
Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
AMARNATH MURTHY, A Note On The Smarandache Divisor Sequences 284
AMARNATH MURTHY, Algorithm For Listing Of Smarandache Factor
Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
AMARNATH MURTHY, Expansion Of xn In Smarandache Terms Of
Permutations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
AMARNATH MURTHY, Miscellaneous Results And Theorems On
Smarandache Terms And Factor Partitions . . . . . . . . . 297
AMARNATH MURTHY, Smarandache Maximum Reciprocal Representation
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
AMARNATH MURTHY, Open Problems And Conjectures On The
Factor/Reciprocal Partition Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
AMARNATH MURTHY, Smarandache Reciprocal Function And An
Elementary Inequaliy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
AMARNATH MURTHY, Some Funny Examples Of Smarandache Lucky
Methods In Algebra, Trigonometry, And Calculus . . . . . . 316

REVIEWS:
Book Reviews (CHARLES ASHBACHER, TONNY SHANNON) . . . . . . 321

326