World Bank Road Use Costs Study Results: June 9, 2006

World Bank Road Use Costs Study Results
June 9, 2006
The World Bank
This workbook contains the results of a World Bank study on unit economic road
user costs in developing countries. The study collected vehicle fleet economic unit
costs and basic characteristics from 44 HDM-4 applications worldwide to obtain
an order of magnitude of current unit road user costs in developing countries,
expressed in 2005 US$ per vehicle-km.
The vehicle fleet economic unit cots and basic characteristics vary by country;
therefore, and effort was done to obtain average vehicle fleet economic unit cots and
basic characteristics for developing countries, as well regional averages for Latin
America and Caribbean, Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union
countries. With this input data, typical economic unit road user costs were computed,
using the World Banks HDM-4 Road User Costs Model (version 1.00), for paved roads
on a flat terrain with different roughness levels and the typical road user costs
composition for a paved road in good condition with roughness equal to 2.0 IRI, m/km.
Send comments or enquiries to:

Rodrigo Archondo-Callao
Highway Engineer
World Bank
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C., 20433 U.S.A
Phone:
1 202 473 3978
Fax:
1 202 522 3223
E-mail:
rarchondocallao@worldbank.org
Web:
http://www.worldbank.org/highways
Table 1 Developing Countries Vehicle Fleet Economic Unit Costs and Basic Characteristics
FourMotor_ Small MediumDelivery Wheel Light Medium Heavy Articulated Small Medium Large
cycle
Car
Car Vehicle Drive Truck Truck Truck
Truck
Bus
Bus
Bus
Economic Unit Costs
New Vehicle Cost (US$/vehicle)
1,400 6,000 13,000 15,000 29,000 22,000 40,000 65,000
New Tire Cost (US$/tire)
13.0
25.0
60.0
75.0
95.0 160.0 240.0 290.0
Fuel Cost (US$/liter)
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Lubricant Cost (US$/liter)
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
Maintenance Labor Cost (US$/hour)
0.81
2.14
3.36
3.84
3.84
3.44
3.77
3.81
Crew Cost (US$/hour)
0.15
0.00
0.46
1.67
0.46
3.66
3.51
4.06
Overhead (US$/year)
40
110
150
55
270
410
1000 1260
Interest Rate (%)
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Working Passenger Time (US$/hour) 0.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Non-working Passenger Time (US$/hour)
0.25
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.25
0.25
0.25
Cargo Delay (US$/hour)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.11
0.11
Basic Characteristics
Kilometers Driven per Year (km)
14000 22000 22000 34000 34000 45000 55000 70000
Hours Driven per Year (hr)
700
700
700
1200 1200 1500 1700 2000
Service Life (years)
9
13
10
9
9
10
11
11
Percent Private Use (%)
100.0 100.0 100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Number of Passengers (#)
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Work Related Passenger-Trips (%)
75.0
75.0
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Gross Vehicle Weight (tons)
0.3
1.1
1.3
2.2
2.0
4.2
10.3
19.6
Averages from 44 HMD-4 Studies
90,000
340.0
0.30
2.10
4.66
4.63
6500
12
0.50
0.25
0.11
15,000 70,000 80,000

55.0 230.0 360.0
0.30
0.30
0.30
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.08
3.72
4.17
1.45
3.73
4.57
140
230
7000
12
12
12
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
82000
2200
11
0.0
1.0
0.0
33.3
52000 73000 81000

1600 2000 2200
9
10
11
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.0
30.0
40.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
3.0
9.3
12.2
Table 2 Developing Countries Unit Economic Road User Costs

Typical Economic Unit Road User Costs per Roughness Level for Flat Terrain (US$ per vehicle-km)
FourRoughness
Motor_ Small MediumDelivery Wheel Light Medium Heavy Articulated Small Medium
(IRI)
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
2
0.035 0.101 0.160 0.168 0.205 0.219 0.331 0.521
0.770
0.195 0.471
4
0.035 0.103 0.164 0.173 0.214 0.230 0.348 0.552
0.814
0.200 0.496
6
0.037 0.108 0.172 0.185 0.237 0.251 0.381 0.605
0.880
0.214 0.552
8
0.038 0.116 0.186 0.204 0.269 0.277 0.416 0.657
0.961
0.235 0.625
10
0.040 0.128 0.204 0.228 0.304 0.306 0.458 0.721
1.061
0.263 0.712
12
0.043 0.142 0.224 0.254 0.339 0.339 0.503 0.793
1.169
0.294 0.805
14
0.046 0.158 0.245 0.279 0.374 0.372 0.550 0.867
1.280
0.326 0.901
16
0.050 0.173 0.267 0.305 0.407 0.406 0.597 0.943
1.393
0.359 0.997
Typical Economic Unit Road User Costs Composition for Flat Terrain and Roughness 2.0 IRI (US$ per vehicle-km)
FourMotor_ Small MediumDelivery Wheel Light Medium Heavy Articulated Small Medium
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
Road User Costs
0.035 0.101 0.160 0.168 0.205 0.219 0.331 0.521
0.770
0.195 0.471
Vehicle Operating Costs
0.030 0.076 0.135 0.154 0.190 0.216 0.327 0.517
0.766
0.140 0.326
Fuel
0.015 0.032 0.036 0.041 0.034 0.046 0.068 0.129
0.192
0.042 0.062
Lubricants
0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.008
0.009
0.004 0.005
Tire
0.001 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.010 0.015 0.027
0.060
0.003 0.014
Maintenance Parts
0.001 0.013 0.026 0.033 0.039 0.034 0.088 0.157
0.253
0.024 0.069
Maintenance Labor
0.001 0.006 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.029 0.038 0.050
0.067
0.018 0.031
Crew Time
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.004 0.039 0.038 0.047
0.049
0.015 0.041
Depreciation
0.009 0.018 0.049 0.041 0.080 0.040 0.054 0.069
0.079
0.027 0.080
Interest
0.001 0.005 0.010 0.007 0.014 0.009 0.015 0.022
0.026
0.006 0.023
Overhead
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.007
0.031
0.001 0.001
Value of Time Costs
0.005 0.025 0.025 0.014 0.014 0.004 0.004 0.004
0.004
0.055 0.145
Passenger Time
0.005 0.025 0.025 0.014 0.014 0.003 0.003 0.003
0.003
0.055 0.145
Cargo Time
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.000 0.000
Large
Bus
0.636
0.664
0.726
0.829
0.961
1.100
1.241
1.382
Large
Bus
0.636
0.433
0.087
0.007
0.029
0.087
0.036
0.053
0.073
0.025
0.037
0.203
0.203
0.000
Table 3 Latin America and Caribbean Vehicle Fleet Economic Unit Costs and Basic Characteristics
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
Bus
Economic Unit Costs
Overhead (US$/year)
Interest Rate (%)
Working Passenger Time (US$/hour)
13,000 17,000
58.00 80.00
0.38
0.38
2.90
2.90
5.00
5.00
0.67
2.19
94
36
12
12
2.20
2.20
1.10
1.10
0.00
0.00
30,000 47,000 75,000

164.00 275.00 319.00
0.32
0.32
0.32
2.90
2.90
2.90
5.24
5.86
5.77
5.29
5.29
5.79
81
1716 2222
12
12
12
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.07
0.07
0.07
104,000
343.00
0.32
2.90
6.60
6.11
12084
12
0.80
0.50
0.07
21000 34000
600
1100
11
10
100.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
75.0
0.0
1.2
2.0
48000 55000 74000

1300 1600 1900
10
11
11
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.6
10.1
20.0
94000
2300
11
0.0
1.0
0.0
35.6
14,000 86,000 117,000

78.00 278.00 291.00
0.32
0.32
0.32
2.90
2.90
2.90
5.40
5.17
7.96
4.88
4.94
8.56
0
267
22624
12
12
12
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
60000 85000
1500 2000
7
9
0.0
0.0
5.0
30.0
75.0
75.0
3.0
9.5
Table 4 Latin America and Caribbean Unit Economic Road User Costs
FourRoughness
(IRI)
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
2
0.180 0.196
0.289 0.415 0.631
0.921
0.244 0.638
4
0.184 0.202
0.304 0.437 0.668
0.975
0.252 0.672
6
0.194 0.216
0.335 0.478 0.733
1.063
0.268 0.747
8
0.211 0.240
0.372 0.526 0.800
1.171
0.294 0.849
10
0.234 0.269
0.415 0.581 0.882
1.299
0.328 0.973
12
0.259 0.300
0.460 0.641 0.973
1.437
0.366 1.106
14
0.286 0.332
0.507 0.703 1.067
1.579
0.405 1.243
16
0.313 0.363
0.554 0.765 1.162
1.722
0.445 1.381
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
Road User Costs
0.180 0.196
0.289 0.415 0.631
0.921
0.244 0.638
0.144 0.175
0.283 0.409 0.624
0.915
0.207 0.398
Fuel
0.040 0.045
0.049 0.073 0.138
0.207
0.045 0.066
Lubricants
0.002 0.003
0.005 0.006 0.012
0.013
0.006 0.006
Tire
0.003 0.004
0.010 0.017 0.030
0.060
0.005 0.017
Maintenance Parts
0.026 0.039
0.048 0.104 0.185
0.308
0.021 0.087
Maintenance Labor
0.013 0.014
0.045 0.059 0.077
0.097
0.045 0.043
Crew Time
0.000 0.020
0.057 0.057 0.067
0.065
0.051 0.055
Depreciation
0.047 0.042
0.052 0.064 0.075
0.080
0.028 0.094
Interest
0.012 0.009
0.015 0.019 0.027
0.029
0.006 0.029
Overhead
0.000 0.000
0.001 0.011 0.013
0.056
0.000 0.001
Value of Time Costs
0.036 0.020
0.006 0.006 0.007
0.006
0.038 0.240
Passenger Time
0.036 0.020
0.005 0.005 0.006
0.005
0.038 0.240
Cargo Time
0.000 0.000
0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.000 0.000
85000
2000
11
0.0
35.0
75.0
13.0
Large
Bus
0.995
1.037
1.136
1.315
1.542
1.778
2.016
2.254
Large
Bus
0.995
0.701
0.094
0.009
0.023
0.130
0.069
0.099
0.104
0.041
0.131
0.294
0.294
0.000
Table 5 Asia Vehicle Fleet Economic Unit Costs and Basic Characteristics
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
Bus
Economic Unit Costs
Overhead (US$/year)
Interest Rate (%)
1,300
10.00
0.28
1.40
0.67
0.06
47
12
0.50
0.20
0.00
6,000 13,000 10,000 29,000 15,000 21,000 36,000

20.00 40.00 55.00 95.00 100.00 130.00 180.00
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
0.56
1.28
1.55
1.55
1.06
1.06
1.15
0.00
0.29
0.49
0.46
1.11
1.09
1.27
0
165
104
274
267
299
449
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.11
0.11
55,000
190.00
0.25
1.40
1.44
1.52
449
12
0.30
0.10
0.11
16,000 30,000 49,000

50.00 130.00 130.00
0.25
0.25
0.25
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.11
1.11
1.62
0.90
1.16
1.58
152
250
1061
12
12
12
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
13000 25000 25000 32000 33000 38000 57000 74000

730
800
800
1300 1300 1700 1800 2100
9
12
10
9
10
9
10
11
100.0 100.0 100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.2
1.2
2.2
2.0
4.4
9.6
16.3
76000
2200
11
0.0
1.0
0.0
28.9
45000 78000 82000

1400 1800 2000
9
9
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
39.0
42.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
3.3
8.3
11.9
Table 6 Asia Unit Economic Road User Costs

FourRoughness
(IRI)
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
2
0.036 0.083 0.128 0.104 0.175 0.135 0.176 0.297
0.455
0.162 0.267
4
0.036 0.085 0.132 0.107 0.184 0.140 0.185 0.314
0.479
0.167 0.278
6
0.038 0.089 0.138 0.113 0.205 0.152 0.199 0.340
0.505
0.179 0.303
8
0.040 0.095 0.149 0.121 0.233 0.166 0.213 0.361
0.538
0.197 0.340
10
0.043 0.105 0.162 0.133 0.262 0.182 0.230 0.390
0.585
0.220 0.386
12
0.048 0.117 0.177 0.145 0.292 0.199 0.250 0.425
0.638
0.245 0.437
14
0.052 0.129 0.193 0.158 0.320 0.216 0.271 0.462
0.694
0.271 0.490
16
0.057 0.141 0.209 0.171 0.348 0.234 0.292 0.501
0.752
0.297 0.543
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
Road User Costs
0.036 0.083 0.128 0.104 0.175 0.135 0.176 0.297
0.455
0.162 0.267
0.026 0.064 0.116 0.102 0.173 0.133 0.174 0.295
0.452
0.126 0.161
Fuel
0.013 0.026 0.030 0.034 0.028 0.038 0.056 0.103
0.155
0.036 0.051
Lubricants
0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.006
0.006
0.003 0.003
Tire
0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.007 0.006 0.008 0.017
0.035
0.003 0.008
Maintenance Parts
0.001 0.013 0.027 0.022 0.040 0.021 0.045 0.089
0.150
0.024 0.029
Maintenance Labor
0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.009 0.011 0.015
0.020
0.009 0.009
Crew Time
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.004 0.012 0.012 0.015
0.016
0.009 0.013
Depreciation
0.009 0.017 0.044 0.029 0.074 0.036 0.030 0.036
0.052
0.033 0.035
Interest
0.001 0.004 0.009 0.004 0.013 0.006 0.007 0.012
0.016
0.007 0.011
Overhead
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
0.002
0.001 0.002
Value of Time Costs
0.009 0.019 0.012 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
0.002
0.037 0.106
Passenger Time
0.009 0.019 0.012 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.037 0.106
Cargo Time
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.000 0.000
Large
Bus
0.364
0.380
0.414
0.469
0.539
0.615
0.691
0.768
Large
Bus
0.364
0.243
0.072
0.004
0.011
0.051
0.014
0.018
0.049
0.017
0.006
0.122
0.122
0.000
Table 7 Africa Vehicle Fleet Economic Unit Costs and Basic Characteristics
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
Bus
Economic Unit Costs
Overhead (US$/year)
Interest Rate (%)
1,900
20.00
0.39
2.30
1.18
0.40
26
12
0.60
0.20
0.00
20,000 19,000
65.00 95.00
0.39
0.39
2.30
2.30
3.68
4.91
0.52
2.76
69
71
12
12
0.60
0.60
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.00
19,000 70,000 119,000

90.00 275.00 290.00
0.38
0.38
0.38
2.30
2.30
2.30
4.78
4.78
5.37
1.07
2.00
3.67
138
138
280
12
12
12
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
15000
700
9
100.0
1.0
75.0
0.3
24000 40000
880
1300
9
9
100.0
0.0
3.0
3.0
75.0
0.0
1.6
2.3
59000 67000
1500 2200
9
9
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
4.6
13.9
69000
2300
10
0.0
1.0
0.0
28.2
133,000
290.00
0.38
2.30
5.82
3.67
280
12
0.38
0.11
0.11
21,000 40,000 65,000

70.00 110.00 215.00
0.38
0.38
0.38
2.30
2.30
2.30
5.41
5.41
5.41
3.15
1.88
1.88
177
177
208
12
12
12
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
65000
2400
9
0.0
1.0
0.0
36.5
76000 90000 103000

1800 2800
2700
7
6
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.0
30.0
42.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
2.6
5.0
11.9
Table 8 Africa Unit Economic Road User Costs

FourRoughness
(IRI)
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
2
0.042
0.201 0.195
0.195 0.459 0.788
0.968
0.254 0.351
4
0.043
0.207 0.202
0.205 0.487 0.839
1.022
0.262 0.367
6
0.045
0.217 0.217
0.223 0.541 0.932
1.106
0.280 0.401
8
0.046
0.232 0.239
0.240 0.594 1.022
1.207
0.305 0.446
10
0.049
0.251 0.266
0.260 0.652 1.125
1.327
0.337 0.502
12
0.053
0.273 0.295
0.282 0.712 1.236
1.453
0.372 0.562
14
0.057
0.295 0.324
0.304 0.773 1.348
1.582
0.409 0.623
16
0.061
0.318 0.353
0.328 0.835 1.462
1.710
0.447 0.685
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
Road User Costs
0.042
0.201 0.195
0.195 0.459 0.788
0.968
0.254 0.351
0.037
0.187 0.190
0.193 0.456 0.786
0.965
0.218 0.252
Fuel
0.018
0.043 0.047
0.059 0.093 0.181
0.248
0.053 0.073
Lubricants
0.001
0.002 0.002
0.004 0.005 0.009
0.010
0.005 0.005
Tire
0.001
0.003 0.004
0.006 0.016 0.027
0.051
0.005 0.008
Maintenance Parts
0.002
0.039 0.044
0.032 0.154 0.276
0.319
0.035 0.034
Maintenance Labor
0.002
0.009 0.014
0.042 0.048 0.069
0.077
0.047 0.041
Crew Time
0.000
0.000 0.026
0.012 0.022 0.042
0.039
0.033 0.020
Depreciation
0.012
0.078 0.044
0.030 0.096 0.143
0.186
0.033 0.062
Interest
0.002
0.013 0.008
0.008 0.021 0.036
0.035
0.007 0.009
Overhead
0.000
0.000 0.001
0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.001 0.001
Value of Time Costs
0.005
0.014 0.006
0.002 0.002 0.003
0.002
0.036 0.099
Passenger Time
0.005
0.014 0.006
0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.036 0.099
Cargo Time
0.000
0.000 0.000
0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.000 0.000
Large
Bus
0.501
0.527
0.577
0.646
0.734
0.830
0.927
1.025
Large
Bus
0.501
0.349
0.109
0.007
0.017
0.076
0.048
0.022
0.052
0.017
0.001
0.152
0.152
0.000
Table 9 Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union Vehicle Fleet Economic Unit Costs and Basic Characteristics
FourMotor_ Small MediumDelivery Wheel Light Medium Heavy Articulated Small
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Economic Unit Costs
6,000 9,000 14,000
21,000 29,000 42,000 72,000
5,000
39.00 86.00 60.00
260.00 319.00 392.00 570.00
31.00
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
5.32
2.32
2.13
2.55
2.55
2.56
2.60
1.73
0.00
0.14
0.50
4.66
4.66
5.23
5.52
0.83
Overhead (US$/year)
332
350
350
1227 1168 1298
1896
97
Interest Rate (%)
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
1.50
1.50
1.50
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.00
12000 18000 36000
40000 47000 55000
66000
56000
400
460
1000
1500 1600 1800
1700
1800
14
11
10
12
13
13
13
11
100.0 100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
10.0
75.0
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
75.0
1.0
1.3
3.3
3.2
8.8
17.0
30.8
2.2
Medium Large
Bus
Bus
70,000 100,000
220.00 1015.00
0.29
0.29
2.20
2.20
2.59
2.43
3.20
8.52
166
5334
15
15
0.60
0.60
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.00
62000
1600
13
0.0
30.0
75.0
10.7
Table 10 Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union Unit Economic Road User Costs
FourRoughness
(IRI)
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
2
0.124 0.140 0.143
0.228 0.291 0.436
0.697
0.141 0.488
4
0.126 0.143 0.148
0.238 0.304 0.457
0.733
0.143 0.514
6
0.131 0.149 0.158
0.259 0.328 0.492
0.780
0.150 0.571
8
0.141 0.160 0.172
0.284 0.356 0.529
0.843
0.162 0.647
10
0.155 0.176 0.190
0.316 0.392 0.579
0.926
0.179 0.739
12
0.171 0.194 0.209
0.351 0.433 0.637
1.017
0.201 0.838
14
0.188 0.214 0.229
0.387 0.475 0.698
1.112
0.223 0.941
16
0.205 0.233 0.249
0.425 0.518 0.761
1.210
0.247 1.045
cycle
Car
Truck
Bus
Bus
Road User Costs
0.124 0.140 0.143
0.228 0.291 0.436
0.697
0.141 0.488
0.100 0.118 0.138
0.225 0.288 0.433
0.694
0.089 0.320
Fuel
0.032 0.037 0.044
0.043 0.064 0.121
0.182
0.040 0.061
Lubricants
0.001 0.002 0.002
0.004 0.004 0.009
0.010
0.004 0.005
Tire
0.002 0.005 0.002
0.018 0.020 0.038
0.103
0.002 0.013
Maintenance Parts
0.011 0.017 0.032
0.034 0.064 0.099
0.199
0.009 0.073
Maintenance Labor
0.013 0.006 0.006
0.022 0.026 0.033
0.037
0.016 0.022
Crew Time
0.000 0.000 0.005
0.049 0.050 0.060
0.058
0.009 0.036
Depreciation
0.030 0.037 0.032
0.035 0.038 0.045
0.061
0.007 0.072
Interest
0.011 0.014 0.010
0.011 0.014 0.020
0.033
0.002 0.037
Overhead
0.000 0.000 0.003
0.009 0.008 0.008
0.012
0.001 0.001
Value of Time Costs
0.023 0.022 0.006
0.003 0.003 0.003
0.003
0.051 0.168
Passenger Time
0.023 0.022 0.006
0.002 0.002 0.002
0.002
0.051 0.168
Cargo Time
0.000 0.000 0.000
0.001 0.001 0.001
0.001
0.000 0.000
70000
2000
13
0.0
40.0
75.0
12.0
Large
Bus
0.792
0.826
0.901
1.028
1.190
1.361
1.535
1.710
Large
Bus
0.792
0.560
0.084
0.007
0.082
0.110
0.021
0.099
0.084
0.043
0.031
0.232
0.232
0.000
main-title
1.60
Bus Heavy
Bus Medium
Bus Light
Truck Articulated
Truck Heavy
Truck Medium
Truck Light
Four-Wheel Drive
Delivery Vehicle
Car Medium
Car Small
Motorcycle
Economic Road User Costs

(US$/vehicle-km)
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Roughness (IRI)
Bu
Bu s H
s ea
M vy
e
Tr
B
uc u diu
k s m
Ar Li
Tr ticu ght
u l
Tr ck ate
uc H d
k ea
Fo T Me vy
ur ru diu
- c m
D Wh k L
el ee ig
iv l ht
er D
y ri
C Ve ve
ar h
M icle
e
C diu
ar m
M Sm
ot a
or ll
cy
cl
e
Economic Unit Road User Costs

(US$/vehicle-km)
main-title
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
Passenger and
Cargo Time
Overhead
Crew Time
Depreciation and
Interest
Maintenance Parts
and Labor
Tires
Fuel and Lubricating
Oil
Bu
Bu s H
s ea
M vy
e
Tr
uc Bu diu
k s m
Ar L
i
Tr ticu ght
uc la
Tr k te
uc H d
k ea
Fo T Me vy
ur ru diu
- c m
D Wh k L
el ee ig
iv l ht
er D
y r
C Ve ive
ar h
M icle
C ediu
a
m
M r Sm
ot
or all
cy
cl
e
Economic Unit Road User Costs

(%)
main-title
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Passenger and
Cargo Time
Overhead
Crew Time
Depreciation and
Interest
Maintenance Parts
and Labor
Tires
Fuel and Lubricating
Oil
Economic Unit Road User Costs (US$/vehicle-km)
main-title
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
10
12
Roughness (IRI)
Developing
Countries
Eastern Europe &
Former Soviet Union
Africa
Asia
Latin America &

Caribbean
14
16
main-title
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
10
12
Roughness (IRI)
Developing
Countries
Eastern Europe &
Former Soviet Union
Africa
Asia
Latin America &

Caribbean
14
16
main-title
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
10
12
Roughness (IRI)
Developing
Countries
Eastern Europe &
Former Soviet Union
Africa
Asia
Latin America &

Caribbean
14
16

World Bank Road Use Costs Study Results: June 9, 2006

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15,000 70,000 80,000

52000 73000 81000

Table 2 Developing Countries Unit Economic Road User Costs

30,000 47,000 75,000

48000 55000 74000

14,000 86,000 117,000

6,000 13,000 10,000 29,000 15,000 21,000 36,000

16,000 30,000 49,000

13000 25000 25000 32000 33000 38000 57000 74000

45000 78000 82000

Table 6 Asia Unit Economic Road User Costs

19,000 70,000 119,000

21,000 40,000 65,000

76000 90000 103000

Table 8 Africa Unit Economic Road User Costs

Economic Road User Costs

Economic Unit Road User Costs

Economic Unit Road User Costs

Economic Unit Road User Costs (US$/vehicle-km)

Latin America &

Economic Unit Road User Costs (US$/vehicle-km)

Latin America &

Economic Unit Road User Costs (US$/vehicle-km)

Latin America &

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