Q. 9.

Explain the term (a) pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) and (b) pulse-code modulation 2 (PCM). An electron and a proton have the same kinetic energy. Which of the two has a greater 2 wavelength? Explain. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, how the thickness of depletion layer in a p-n 2 junction diode changes when it is forward biased. An electron and a proton are moving in the same direction and possess same kinetic 2 energy. Find the ratio of de Broglie wavelengths associated with these particles. Define the term resistivity and write its S.I. unit. Derive the expression for the 3 resistivity of a conductor in terms of number density of free electrons and relaxation time. A figure divided into squares, each of size 1 mm2 is being viewed at a distance of 9 cm through a 3
magnifying lens of focal length 10 cm, held close to the eye. (a) Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of the image. (b) What is the magnification produced by the lens? How much is the area of each square in the virtual image?

Q. 10.

Q. 11.

Q. 12.

Q. 13.

Q. 14.

What is the angular magnification of the lens? Q. 15.

Two cells of emf 1.5 V and 2 V and internal resistance 1 ohm and 2 ohm respectively are connected in parallel to pass a current in the same direction through an external resistance of 5 ohm. (a) Draw the circuit diagram.

Using Kirchhoffs laws, calculate the current through each branch of the circuit and potential difference across the 5 ohm resistor. Q. 16. Deduce an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as the 3 medium between the plates. Define the term resistivity and conductivity and state their S.I. units. Draw a graph 3 showing the variation of resistivity with temperature for a typical semiconductor. A system has two charges qA = 2.5x10-7 C and qB =-2.5x10-7 C located at points A (0,0,- 3 15cm) and B(0,0,+15cm) respectively. Calculate the electric dipole moment of the system. What is its direction? How will a dia-, para- and a ferro-magnetic material behave when kept in a non-uniform 3 external magnetic field? Give one example of each of these materials.
The sequence of stepwise decays of a radioactive nucleus is

Q. 17.

Q. 18.

Q. 19.

Q. 20.

E F E D D1 D2 D3 p p p

If the nucleon number and atomic number for D2 are 176 and 71 respectively, what are the corresponding values of D and D3? Justify your answer in each case. Q. 21.
Name the radiations of electromagnetic spectrum which are used in (a) Warfare to look through fog. (b) Radar and geostationary satellites. (c) Studying the structure and properties of atoms and molecules.

Q. 22.

What is an optical fibre? Explain with the help of a diagram, how light can travel through 3 it and remain confined to the fibre. A radioactive sample contains 2.2 mg of pure 11C , which has half-life period of 1224 3 6 seconds. Calculate (a) the number of atoms present initially, and (b) the activity when 5 Qg of the sample will be left. Draw a schematic diagram of a single optical fibre structure. Explain briefly how an 3 optical fibre is fabricated. Describe in brief, the mechanism of propagation of light signal through an optical fibre. Define the term electric field intensity. Write its SI unit. Derive an expression for the 5 electric field intensity at a point on the axis of an electric dipole.
Or

Q. 23.

Q. 24.

Q. 25.

State Gauss theorem in electrostatics. Use it to obtain an expression for the electric field intensity at a point near a uniformly charged infinite plate sheet. Q. 26. Draw a labelled diagram of a compound microscope when the image is formed at 5 infinity. Deduce the expression for its magnifying power. How can the magnifying power be increased?
Or

Draw a labelled diagram to show the image formation in an astronomical telescope.

Write an expression for its magnifying power. Q. 27.

(a) Distinguish between metals, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of their energy bands. (b) A semiconductor has equal electron and hole concentration of 6x108 /m3. On doping with certain impurity, electron concentration increases to 9x1012/m3. (i) (ii) Identify the new semiconductor obtained after doping Calculate the new hole concentration

Or

(a) Draw a circuit diagram of a p-n-p transistor as an amplifier in a common emitter configuration. (b) Calculate the voltage gain for a transistor having a current gain 40, collector resistance 6 kilo-ohm and input resistance 1 kilo-ohm.

State the principle of potentiometer. Draw a circuit diagram used to compare the e.m.f. of two primary cells. Write the formula used. How can the sensitivity of a potentiometer be increased? Define self-inductance and give its S.I. unit. Derive an expression for self-inductance of a long, air-cored solenoid of length l, radius r, and having N number of turns. State Biot-Savart law. Apply it to calculate the magnetic field at a point near a current carrying long straight wire. Sate the principle of potentiometer. With the help of circuit diagram, describe a method to find the internal resistance of a primary cell.
Explain the following terms: (a) Ground waves (b) Space waves (c) Sky waves

Calculate the binding energy per nucleon (in MeV) of the nucleus 1.00783 u, mass of 01n = 1.00867 u, mass of
56 26

56 26

1 Fe . Given mass of 1 H =

Fe = 55.934939 u, 1u = 931 MeV/c2.

What do the acronyms LASER and LED stand for? Name the factor which determines: (a) Frequency, and

(b) Intensity of light emitted by LED.

What are coherent sources? How does the width of interference fringes in Young s double slit experiment change when (a) The distance between the slits and screen is decreased? (b) The frequency of the source is increased? Justify your answer in each case.

Distinguish between analog and digital communication. Write any two modulation techniques employed for the digital data. Describe briefly any one of the techniques used.

On the basis of energy band diagrams distinguish between metals, insulators and semiconductors (a) Show that the decay rate R of a sample of a radionuclide is related to the number of radioactive nuclei N at the same instant by the expression R = PN.
238 (b) The half-life of 92U against E-decay is 1.5x1017s. What is the activity of a sample of 238 92U having 25x1020 atoms?

3 3

(a) With the help of a schematic sketch of a cyclotron explain its working principle. Mention its two applications. What is the important limitation encountered in accelerating a light elementary particle such as electron to high energies?

(b) A particle of mass m and charge q moves at right angles to a uniform magnetic field. Plot a graph showing the variation of the radius of the circular path described by it with the increase in its (i) charge, (ii) kinetic energy, where, in each case other factors remain constant. Justify your answer.

Or

(a) Using Biot-Savart law derive an expression of the magnetic field due to a current carrying loop at a point along the axis of the loop.

(b) A long straight conductor carries a steady current I . The current is uniformly distributed across its cross-section of radius a . Plot a graph showing the variation of the magnetic field B produced by the conductor with distance r from the axis of the conductor in the region (i) r<a, and (ii) r>a. Show by a diagram the image formation of a point object by a thin double convex lens having radii of

curvature R1 and R2. Hence derive the formula

1 1 1 ! (n  1)  f R1 R2
where f is the focal length and n is refractive index of material of the lens.

Or

State Huygens principle. Use Huygens construction to explain refraction of a plane wavefront at a plane surface. Draw diagrams to show the behaviour of a (a) convex lens, (b) concave mirror when a plane wavefront falls on it. With the help of a neat and labelled diagram, explain the principle, construction and working of an a.c. generator.
Or

Explain, with the help of a neat and labelled diagram, the principle, construction and working of a transformer.

Q. 11.

With the help of diagrams distinguish between forward biasing and reverse biasing of a 2 p-n junction diode. Monochromatic light is refracted from air into glass of refractive index n. Find the ratio 2 of wavelengths of the incident and refracted light. An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field. (a) using suitable diagram, show that 3 it does not undergo any translatory motion, and (b) derive an expression for the torque acting on it and specify its direction. Explain, with the help of diagram, the principle and working of an a.c. generator. Write 3 the expression for the e.m.f. generated in the coil in terms of its speed of rotation. Define the term temperature coefficient of resistivity. Write its SI unit. Plot a graph 3 showing the variation of resistivity of copper with temperature.

Q. 12.

Q. 13.

Q. 14.

Q. 15.

Q. 16.

Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Explain its working principle. 3 Can this galvanometer be used to detect an a.c. in a circuit? Give reason.
A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3 is connected to a resistor R.

Q. 17.

(a) If the current in the circuit is 0.5 A, calculate the value of R. (b) What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed?

Q. 18.

Draw a labelled diagram of experimental setup of Rutherford s alpha particle scattering experiment. Write two important inferences drawn from this experiment.

Q. 19. Q. 20.

With the help of a labeled diagram explain in brief the working of a cyclotron.

4 Calculate the binding energy per nucleon (in MeV) for 2 He and 23 He . Comment on the 3 difference of these binding energies and its significance in relation to E-decay of the 1 nuclei. Given: mass of 1 H = 1.00783 u, mass of 01n = 1.00867 u, mass of 23 He = 3.01664 4 u, mass of 2 He = 4.00387 u.

Q. 21.

A ground receiver station is receiving a signal at (a) 5 MHz and (b) 100 MHz, transmitted from a ground transmitter at a height of 300 m located at a distance of 100 km. Identify whether it is coming via space wave or sky wave propagation or satellite transponder. (Given the value of radius of the earth is 6400 km and maximum electron density, Nmax = 1012 m-3)

Q. 22.

(a) Draw the energy level diagram showing the emission of F-particles followed by K-rays 60 by a 27 Co . (b) Plot the distribution of kinetic energy of F-particles and state why the energy spectrum is continuous.

Q. 23.

Name the constituent radiation of electromagnetic spectrum which (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) is used in satellite communication. is used for studying crystal structure. is similar to the radiations emitted during decay of radioactive nuclei. has its wavelength range between 390 nm and 770 nm. is absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer. produces intense heating effect.

Q. 24.

Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, how the thickness of depleteion layer in a p-n junction diode changes when it is forward biased. In the following circuits which one of the two

diodes is forward biased and which is reverse biased?

-10V (a)

(b)

-10 V Q. 25.
Draw a level diagram of a Van de Graaff generator. Give its principle and explain its working.

Or

Define capacitance of a capacitor. Give its S.I. unit. Prove that the total electrostatic 1 energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor is CV2 and hence find the expression for the 2 energy density of the capacitor. Q. 26. (a) Define the term impedance of series LCR circuit. Derive a mathematical 5 expression for it using Phasor diagram. (b) Obtain the resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit with L = 2.0 H, C = 32 QF and R = 10

Or

(a) Distinguish between the terms resistance, reactance and impedance of an a.c. circuit. (b) A 100 QF capacitor in series with a 40 resistance is connected to a 100 V, 60 Hz supply. Calculate (i) the reactance, (ii) impedance, and (iii) maximum current in the circuit.

Q. 27.

Using Huygens principle, draw a diagram to show propagation of a wavefront 5 originating from a monochromatic point source.
Describe diffraction of light due to a single slit. Explain formation of a pattern of fringes obtained on the screen and plot showing variation of intensity with angle U in single slit diffraction.

Or

What is meant by a linearly polarized light? Which type of waves can be polarized? Briefly explain a method for producing polarized light. Two polaroids are placed at 90o to each other and the intensity of transmitted light is zero. What will be the intensity of transmitted light when one more polaroid is placed between these two bisecting the angle between them? Take intensity of unpolarised light as I.

Q. 9.

Write two characteristic properties to distinguish between diamagnetic and paramagnetic 2 materials. A circular coil of radius 8 cm and 20 turns rotates about its vertical diameter with an 2 angular speed of 50 s-1 in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 3x10-2T. Find the maximum and average value of the emf induced in the coil. Write two conditions necessary for total internal reflection to take place. Draw a labelled circuit diagram to show the use of zener diode as a voltage regulator. 2 2

Q. 10.

Q. 11. Q. 12. Q. 13.

A galvanometer with a coil of resistance 120 ohm shows full scale deflection for a 3 current of 2.5 mA. How will you convert the galvanometer into an ammeter of range 0 to 7.5 A? Determine the net resistance of the ammeter. When an ammeter is put in a circuit, does it read slightly less or more than the actual current in the original circuit? Justify your answer.

Q. 14.

Give reasons for the following: (a) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. (b) The small ozone layer on top of the stratosphere is crucial for human survival. (c) Satellites are used for long distance TV transmission.

Q. 15.

Deduce an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as the 3 medium between the plates. With the help of a circuit diagram explain in brief the use of a potentiometer for 3 comparison of emf of two cells. For a common emitter transistor amplifier, the audio signal voltage across the collector 3 resistance of 2 k is 2 V. If the current amplification factor of the transistor is 100, calculate (a) input signal voltage, (b) base current, and (c) power gain. Given that the value of the base resistance is 1 k. Using Huygens principle, explain the refraction of a plane wavefront at a plane surface. 3 Hence prove Snells law. Write the nuclear reactions for the following: 204 Po (a) E-deacy of 84 32 (b) F- - decay of 15 P (c) F+ - decay of
11 6

Q. 16.

Q. 17.

Q. 18.

Q. 19.

Q. 20.

A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm in air. It is made of material of refractive 3 index 1.6. If it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3, what will be its new focal length? How does the nature of the lens change if this lens is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.8?

Q. 21.

Write two applications each of (a) microwaves, (b) infra-red waves, and (c) radio waves.

Q. 22.

Mention the significance of Davisson-Germer experiment. An E-particle and a proton are 3 accelerated from rest through the same potential difference V. Find the ratio of deBroglie wavelengths associated with them. (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of an image by a compound microscope. Write the expression for its magnifying power. 3

Q. 23.

(b) How does the resolving power of a compound microscope change, when (i) (ii) Q. 24. refractive index of the medium between the object and the objective lens increases, and wavelength of the radiation used is increased?

Distinguish between analog and digital communication. Write any two modulation 3 techniques employed for the digital data. Describe briefly one of the techniques used. A dielectric slab of thickness t is kept in between the plates, each of area A, of a 5 parallel plate capacitor separated by a distance d. Derive an expression for the capacitance of this capacitor for t<<d. Or (a) Explain briefly how a capacitor stores energy of charging. Obtain an expression for the energy thus stored. (b) A battery of 10 V is connected to a capacitor of 0.1 F. The battery is now removed and the capacitor is then connected to a second uncharged capacitor of same capacitance. Calculate the total energy stored in the system.

Q. 25.

Q. 26.

(a) How is a wavefront different from a ray? Draw the geometrical shape of the 5 wavefronts when (i) light diverges from a point source, and (ii) light emerges out of a convex lens when a point source is placed at its focus (b) State Huygens principle. With the help of a suitable diagram, prove Snells law of refraction using Huygens principle. Or (a) In Youngs double slit experiment, deduce the conditions for (i) constructive, and (ii) destructive interference at a point on the screen. Draw a graph showing variation of the resultant intensity in the interference pattern against position x on the screen. (b) Compare and contrast the pattern which is seen with two coherently illuminated narrow slits in Youngs experiment with that seen for a coherently illuminated single slit producing diffraction.

Q. 27.

(a) With the help of a circuit diagram explain the working of transistor as oscillator.

(b) Draw a circuit diagram for a two input OR gate and explain its working with the help of input, output waveforms. Or (a) Explain briefly with the help of a circuit diagram how V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode are obtained in (i) (ii) Forward bias, and Reverse bias. Draw the shape of the curves obtained.

(b) A photodiode is fabricated from a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.8 eV. Can it detect wavelength of 6000 nm? Justify.