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www.ausmud.com
Product Comparison
Weighting Materials
Commercial Chemicals
Viscosifiers
Lost Circulation Materials
Lubricants and Cutting Oils Environmental Products Fluid Loss Control Agents and Dispersants
Displacement Plug
Testing Equipments
TABLE OF CONTENTS
About AMC ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Contact Details ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Product Comparison Charts ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Product Application Tables ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Viscosifiers ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Lubricants and Cutting Oils ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33 Fluid Loss Control Agents and Dispersants ................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Surfactants, Foaming Agents and Detergents.................................................................................................................................................................. 58 Cement and Grouting Additives ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 61 Weighting Materials............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68 Commercial Chemicals......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73 Specialty Products and Chemicals...................................................................................................................................................................................... 74 Lost Circulation Materials.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Environmental Products ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97 Displacement Plugs ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................110 Testing Equipment ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................111 Charts & Tables Conversion Table.................................................................................................................................................................................................................112 Pressure & Barite Calculations .........................................................................................................................................................................................114 Barite Weight Chart ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................115 Wireline Drill Rod Sizing ...................................................................................................................................................................................................116 Annular Velocity Table .......................................................................................................................................................................................................117 General Mud Calculators ...................................................................................................................................................................................................120 Pump Output ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................121 Volume Calculations............................................................................................................................................................................................................122
ABOUT AMC
Catering for Diverse Markets & Regions The Australian Mud Company was incorporated in January 1988, for the purpose of supplying drilling fluid products to the mineral and water well industries throughout Australia. Since then, AMC has diversified its product range to cater for the mineral, oil and gas, industrial, HDD, civil and tunnelling industries and is now the largest drilling fluid supplier to the Australian on shore market. Such diversification has also seen the company expand into new geographical markets. AMC specialises in supplying and supporting remote and difficult drilling locations and has a network of stock points within Australia and Internationally including Asia, Africa, the Americas and Europe. Renown for Quality - ISO9001 accreditation AMCs range of drilling fluids is field and laboratory tested to international quality and environmental standards. The company holds ISO9001 quality accreditation and all of AMCs products are supplied to specification and are packed appropriately for the local conditions. AMC was the first Australian drilling fluid company to achieve Quality Assurance certification and maintains a philosophy of continuing development of innovative drilling fluid products that are environmentally friendly, whilst ensuring they meet the demands of its Australian and international customers. Caring for the Needs of Customers & the Environment AMCs regular consultation with its customers highlighted the need to reduce the use of non-biodegradable and plastic packaging, which accumulates at drilling sites and raises environmental concerns. With this in mind, AMC reviewed its packaging and now offers a full range of products in recyclable and biodegradable cardboard packaging. Considerable testing revealed that AMCs cardboard packaging is suitable for both powders and liquids, is water proof and has the strength to withstand the rigours of mining and construction activities.
CONTACT DETAILS
AMC Head Office 5 Pitino Court Osborne Park WA 6017 Australia P: +61 8 9445 4000 F: +61 8 9445 4040 E: amc@imdexlimited.com AMC Brisbane 26 Neon Street Sumner Park QLD 4074, Australia P: +61 7 3279 3199 F: +61 7 3279 3538 AMC Townsville 919 Ingham Rd Bohle Queensland 4818, Australia P: +61 7 4774 4926 F: +61 7 4774 4694 AMC Kwinana 38 Thomas Road Kwinana WA 6167 Australia P: +61 8 9419 3299 F: +61 8 9419 3855
AMC Kalgoorlie
5 Close Way Kalgoorlie WA 6430, Australia P: +61 8 9021 2925 F: +61 8 9091 5925 A complete list of contact details, AMC locations and distributors can be found at www.ausmud.com
SURFACTANTS, FOAMING AGENTS AND DETERGENTS AMC Aus-Det Super-Foam BAROID Condet Quik Foam MI D-D Super Foam AF DESCRIPTION Drilling detergent Foaming agent for fresh and saline water
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WEIGHTING MATERIALS AMC Barite Calcium Chloride Sodium Chloride BAROID Barite Calcium Chloride Sodium Chloride MI Barite Calcium Chloride Sodium Chloride DESCRIPTION Weighting Agent Cement accelerator Soluble weighting agent / shale inhibitor
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SPECIALTY PRODUCTS & CHEMICALS AMC AMC-Biocide AMC Truck Wash Aus-Floc Backfill Mixture Bentonite Chips Bentonite Pellets BAROID Bara Floc MI Kwik Plug DESCRIPTION Bactericide High performance detergent/degreaser Flocculant Blended Backfill Material Bentonite Sealing Chips -
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LOST CIRCULATION MATERIALS AMC Aus-Plug Cotton Seed Hulls Kwik-Seal Shur-Seal BAROID Bara Swell Cotton Seed Hulls Kwik Seal Hy Seal MI Polyswell Cotton Seed Hulls Kwik Seal DESCRIPTION Swelling granular polymer LCM Graded LCM - fine, medium or coarse Shredded Organic Fibre
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Aus-Ben Viscosity Gelation Carrying Capacity Filter Cake Encapsulation pH Environment Lubrication Contaminant Tolerance Salt Tolerance Yes High High Thick No 6 -14 Moderate Low Ca++< 150 mg Low
Aus-Gel Yes High High Thick No 6 -10 Moderate Low Ca++< 150 mg Low
AMC-Pac Yes No Very High Thin Low 6 -11 High Med - LowCa ++ High
Aus-Trol Yes No High Thin Low 6 -10 High Low Ca++< 150 mg High
Bio-Vis Yes High Very High No Low 3 -7 High High Ca++> 200 mg High
CR-650 Yes Medium Medium No High 6 -10 High Low Ca++< 200 mg High
Liqui-Pol Yes No Low No Very High 6 -10 High Low Ca++< 200 mg Medium Low
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Aus-Gel No < 140 C No Yes Yes No N/A Yes Yes 15-55 kg/m
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AMC-Pac No < 140 C No Yes Yes No N/A Yes Yes 1.5-3 kg/m
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Bio-Vis No < 100 C No Yes Yes No N/A Yes Yes 3-4 kg/m
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CR-650 No < 160 C No Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes 0.5-3 kg/m
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Liqui-Pol No < 160 C, >5C Low Conc. Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 0.5-1.25 Irt/ m3
Note: Salt Tolerance - Low = <3000 mg/I CI, Medium = <20,000 mg/I CI, High = <80,000 mg/I CI Note: Salt Tolerance Low = <3000 mg/I CI, Medium = <20,000 mg/I CI, High = <80,000 mg/I CI
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Low Ca++ Low Ca++ Low Ca++ Medium < 200 mg < 200 mg < 200mg Low High High Medium High Medium High No
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Aust-Det
FR-100L -
Hammer Oil -
Yes 0.51L/200 L
4-8%
Note: Salt Tolerance - Low = <3000 mg/I CI, Medium = <20,000 mg/I CI, High = <80,000 mg/I CI Note: Salt Tolerance - Low = <3000 mg/I CI, Medium = <20,000 mg/I CI, High = <80,000 mg/I CI
VISCOSIFIERS
The removal of rock chips from the cutting face of the bit and the carrying of these cuttings to the surface is dependant on the flow properties (viscosity) of the drilling fluid. Viscosity is defined as the resistance by a fluid to flow. The driller recognises this as thickness. Polymers are employed to build viscosity for drilling fluids while improving borehole stability and maximizing core recovery through inhibition of water sensitive clays and shales. Bentonitic clays are also used to provide viscosity and to develop gel strengths. Gel strength develops when the mud stops moving and can be advantageous when drilling loose sand or gravel formations. Bentonitic clays swell when mixed in fresh water, imparting viscosity and gel strength to the fluid. In addition, they assist in the movement of drill pipe and casing by the development of a thin filter cake on the walls of the borehole. AMC products which perform primarily as viscosifiers are as follows: AQUA-POL AUS-BEN AUS-GEL AUS-GEL XTRA AUS-TROL BIO-VIS CLAY BORE CR-650 EZEE PAC R LIQUI-PAC LlQUI-POL LP 2000 PAC R VIS-GEL XAN-BORE
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AQUA-POL
AQUA-POL is a dry powdered blend of organic polymers formulated for building a low solids mud system for rotary drilling. APPLICATION AQUA-POL provides good hole clearing, cuttings encapsulation and filtration properties for controlling sticky formation and hydratable shale sections. It can also be used with KCI and NaCl salt systems to inhibit clay swelling. AQUA-POL can also be used in conjunction with AUS-GEL to build an effective rotary drilling mud system. ADVANTAGES Effective in fresh, salty and hard water. Non fermenting - does not require biocides. Biodegradable, non-toxic and non-polluting. USAGE Add 3 to 8 kgs/1,000 litres water. PACKAGING AQUA-POL is packaged in 15 kg plastic pails.
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AUS-BEN
AUS-BEN is a premium grade Wyoming sodium bentonite which meets or surpasses the API 13A test specifications for drilling grade bentonite. APPLICATION AUS-BEN is an effective viscosifier in fresh and brackish water. It provides good filtrate control and is an excellent product for use in the construction and civil engineering industries. AUS-BEN has a consistent quality and can be used in conjunction with all other drilling mud products. ADVANTAGES Provides hole stability in poorly consolidated formations. Is a natural and environmentally safe product. Is tolerant to minor contaminations - slurry can be treated and recycled. USAGE Normal - 30 to 60 kgs/1,000 litres. Unconsolidated, caving formations - 70 to 90 kgs/1,000 litres. Lost circulation - 80 to 100 kgs/1,000 litres. PACKAGING AUS-BEN is packaged in 25 kg multi-walled paper bags.
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AUS-GEL
AUS-GEL is a modified, premium grade sodium bentonite, formulated to ensure ease of mixing and superior mud making qualities in fresh water. APPLICATION AUS-GEL is recommended as a high yielding viscosifier for building a mud system with excellent hole cleaning properties and low filtrate loss in fresh to brackish water. The product makes an economical, low solids drilling fluid which has specific application in water wells with permeable sections or poorly consolidated caving formations. AUS-GEL yields approximately twice the amount of standard AUS-BEN. ADVANTAGES Yields rapidly in fresh water to give high viscosity. Economical - provides a single product preparation for a low solids drilling mud. Environmentally friendly - does not ferment and is non-toxic. USAGE Normal - 15 to 30 kgs/1,000 litres Unconsolidated, caving formation - 35 to 45 kgs/1,000 litres Lost circulation - 40 to 55 kgs/1,000 litres PACKAGING AUS-GEL is packaged in 25 kg multi-walled paper bags.
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AUS-GEL XTRA
AUS-GEL XTRA is a modified, premium grade Sodium Montmorillonite imported from Wyoming USA, which has been finely ground and processed to ensure ease of mixing and superior mud making qualities in fresh water. APPLICATION AUS-GEL XTRA is recommended as a high yield viscosifier for building a mud system with excellent flow properties and low filtrate loss in fresh water. The product makes an economical low solids drilling fluid, which has specific application in horizontal directional drilling and water wells with permeable sections or poorly consolidated sands and gravels. AUS-GEL XTRA increases hole cleaning capabilities and promotes hole stability in unconsolidated and caving formations. AUS-GEL XTRA can be used for making gel-foam for air drilling. ADVANTAGES - Effective - AUS-GEL XTRA makes more than twice as much mud of the same viscosity as an equal weight of API grade Bentonite. - Economical - single product preparation of a low solids drilling mud. - Fast Yield - AUS-GEL XTRA reaches high viscosity very quickly. - Environmentally Friendly - does not ferment and is non-toxic. USAGE Under normal drilling conditions, add 15 - 30kg/m3 to fresh water. In unconsolidated formations, loose sands and gravels add 35 - 45kg/m3 to fresh water. To improve hole cleaning, core recovery and increase hole stability add 10 - 15kg/m3 to fresh water. AUS-GEL XTRA should preferably be mixed by adding slowly through a jet funnel or a high speed stirrer. If such equipment is not available, sprinkle AUS-GEL XTRA slowly into water close to pump suction. PACKAGING AUS-GEL XTRA is packaged in 25kg multiwall, water resistant paper sacks.
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AUS-TROL
AUS-TROL is a high molecular weight dry powdered organic polymer, which forms a high viscosity colloidal solution in fresh, salty or hard water. AUS-TROL provides excellent viscosity and filtration control and will extend the yield of bentonite based drilling fluids. APPLICATION AUS-TROL is a protective colloid which inhibits the hydration of water sensitive formations, improving core recovery in diamond drilling applications. Rod vibration, torque and pump pressure are reduced while penetration rates are increased together with extended bit life. ADVANTAGES Highly effective - improved core recovery in most difficult drilling conditions. Versatile - can be used with other lubricants/surfactants in fresh or salty water. Economical - high activity reduces consumption. Convenient - easily transported. USAGE Add 2.0 to 3.0 kgs/1,000 litres of water PACKAGING AUS-TROL is packaged in 1 kg plastic bags, 15 bags per pail or 15 kg boxes.
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BIO-VIS
BIO-VIS is a modified natural polymer specifically formulated for mixing a low solids biodegradable drilling fluid for use in water wells. BIO-VIS is a non-toxic free flowing powder that is completely biodegradable. APPLICATION BIO-VIS provides excellent viscosity and filtration control in fresh and salty water and makes a complete mud system. This low solids polymer system breaks down naturally and eliminates mudding of water aquifers which frequently occurs when using bentonite as a mud additive. To extend the life expectancy of a BIO-VIS fluid, AMC BIOCIDE should be added to prevent fermentation. To accelerate the development of a well, SODIUM HYPERCHLORITE solution can be added. The addition of 10 litres of SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE per 1,000 litres of BIO-VIS fluid followed by surging, will assist in optimum well production. USAGE Normal conditions - 3 to 4 kgs/1,000 litres. Unconsolidated formations, coarse gravels - 5 to 8 kgs/ 1,000 litres. PACKAGING BIO-VIS is packaged in a 15 kg plastic pail or 15 kg boxes.
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CLAY-BORE
CLAY-BORE is a white granular polymer that is 100% active. When mixed with fresh water it provides good viscosity, lubrication and fragile gelation. It also encapsulates the clay particles, reducing the possibility of clay swelling and becoming sticky. CLAY-BORE has specific applications in the horizontal drilling and trenching areas. APPLICATION CLAY-BORE provides an excellent boring fluid, which inhibits clays from swelling and sloughing, and provides good carrying capacity to help suspend and transport cuttings. When used with AUS-GEL or AUS-BEN, CLAY-BORE will assist binding loose sand and gravel together and stabilize the drill hole. CLAY-BORE can be used on its own, or with the whole range of Australian Mud Companys horizontal directional drilling products. ADVANTAGES Effective - mixes rapidly in fresh water with minimum shear. Economical -100% active. Provides excellent viscosity at a minimum concentration. High activity - reducing freight costs. Environmentally friendly - non-hazardous, non-toxic and will not ferment. USAGE Under normal drilling conditions - 0.5 to 0.75 kg/in3 To stabilise swelling clays and shales - 0.75 to 1.0 kg/in3 CLAY-BORE should be mixed by slowly adding through a jet funnel or high-speed stirrer. PACKAGING CLAY-BORE is packaged in a 15 kg plastic pail or 15 kg boxes.
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PACKAGING
CR-650 is packaged in a 15 kg plastic pail or 15 kg boxes.
EZEE PAC R
EzEE PAC R is an easy mixing, readily dispersible polyanionic cellulosic polymer. EzEE PAC R will not fish eye and can be mixed into any make up water with very little agitation. APPLICATION EzEE PAC R can be added to any type of water based drilling fluid. It will increase viscosity and effectively reduce filtrate loss at very low concentrations. EzEE PAC R is an excellent dual purpose polymer which may be mixed through normal mud hopper facilities, or by simply sprinkling the powder into a slowly agitating fluid system. Note: Pre slurrying in AUS-CUT or ENVIROCUT before mixing to the mud system is no longer required. ADVANTAGES - 98% active. - Extremely cost effective in comparison to liquid products. - Easy mixing with no fish eyes. - Ideal for underground operations where mixing systems are limited. USAGE Add 1.5 to 2.5 kgs/1,000 litres of water. PACKAGING EzEE PAC R is packaged in 25 kg multi-walled water resistant paper bags, or 15 kg plastic pails. - Rapid increase in viscosity. - Reduces water loss. - Improves shale control. - Extends life of foam or stiff foam in air drilling.
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LIQUI-PAC
LIQUI-PAC is a high molecular weight polyanionic cellulose polymer suspended in a non-toxic ultra clean mineral oil. LIQUIPAC is an extremely effective viscosifier and filtration control agent for use in fresh or saline water. APPLICATION LIQUI-PAC can be used in any type of water based drilling fluid including fresh, hard and saturated salt water environments. LIQUI-PAC can also be added to Bentonite to complement its properties. LIQUI-PAC can be used as a simple single polymer system and is compatible with all other products. It is an excellent viscosifier, controls fluid loss and produces a thin flexible filter cake. When used correctly, LIQUI-PAC can inhibit the reactive nature of hydrosensitive clay and shales, it will also improve core recovery and reduce friction drag in most drilling applications. ADVANTAGES - Extremely easy to handle, readily mixed into low shear environments. - Eliminates the need to use dry powder mixers and mud hoppers. - Provides a complete dispersion of the particles to eliminate fisheyes from forming. - Eliminates wastage associated with dry powders. - Extremely stable suspension properties improving storage life. - Compatible with all water based drilling fluid systems, polymer and lubricants.
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- Improves the physical characteristics of a Bentonite base drilling fluid. - Effective in fresh, hard and saline water. - Enhance the lubristic characteristic of a fluid and can improve penetration rates. - Environmentally acceptable and non-toxic.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES Physical appearance: white viscous slurry pH 1 % soln: 6.5 - 8.5 USAGE To improve the properties of a Bentonite mud: 1 - 2 litres per 1,000 litres To reduce torque and improve core recovery: 2 - 4 litres per 1,000 litres To improve fluid loss, inhibition and encapsulation: 2 - 5 litres per 1,000 litres When used in saline water drilling fluids: 3 - 6 litres per 1,000 litres LIQUI-PAC can be slowly introduced into mechanical agitation, through a water discharge or through a mud hopper. PACKAGING LIQUI-PAC is packaged in an 18 kg pail.
LIQUI-POL
LIQUI-POL is a liquid anionic polymer viscosifier with high molecular weight providing rapid viscosity without the problems associated with mixing, as is the case with most powdered polymers. It provides a complete drilling fluid system and mixes very rapidly in fresh or brackish water. APPLICATION LIQUI-POL can be used in diamond drilling or water well drilling: DIAMOND DRILLING ADVANTAGES Produces rapid viscosity. Very cost effective - low concentration required. Reduces rod chatter and torque - increases core recovery. Inhibits water sensitive formations - improves borehole stability. DIAMOND DRILLING USAGE Add 0.75 to 1.25 litres/1,000 litres water for complete drilling fluid. Add 0.5 to 0.75 litres/1,000 litres to stop rod vibration and reduce torque. WATER WELL DRILLING ADVANTAGES The polymer can be easily and economically broken down for the development of water wells after setting screens. Controls sticky clays and inhibits water sensitive, swelling formations. Promotes effective settling of drilling solids in surface pits. Cost effective and economical to transport. WATER WELL DRILLING USAGE Add 1.0 to 1.5 litres/1,000 litres for complete water well drilling fluid. PACKAGING LIQUI-POL is packaged in a 25 kg plastic pail or 20 kg boxes.
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LP 2000
LP 2000 liquid viscosifier is a high molecular weight anionic polymer and high activity polymer mix that provides rapid viscosity and ease of mixing. LP 2000 can provide a complete drilling fluid system and can be mixed very rapidly in brackish to high salinity water. APPLICATION LP 2000 can be used in Horizontal Directional Drilling as both a viscosifier and shale inhibitor. It is used to prepare solids free drilling fluid with exceptional hole stabilizing properties. LP 2000 will improve the properties of low solids Aus-Gel Xtra fluids and air/foam injection fluids. ADVANTAGES Easy To Mix - Yields rapidly and completely. Lubricity - Reduces drill pipe torque and pumping pressure, also reduces rod chatter. Clay Shale Stability - Inhibits water sensitive formations. Improves borehole stability. Non Toxic - Proven suitable for use in drilling potable waterwells. Compatible With Bentonite - Improves properties of Aus-Gel Bentonite systems. Waterwell Development - Breaks down to water viscosity with the addition of sodium hypochlorite (chlorine). USAGE To make up a complete drilling fluid 1 - 2 litres/1,000litres depending on make up water. To stop rod vibration and reduce torque 0.5 - 0.75 litres/ 1,000 litres. To improve foam performance and hole conditions 1 - 2 litres/1,000 litres To add to Aus-Gel Bentonite Mud 0.5 - 0.75 litres/1,000 litres. PACKAGING LP 2000 is packaged in 25 kg plastic drums.
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PAC R
PAC R is a polyanionic cellulosic polymer of high molecular weight and is an extremely effective viscosifier in fresh or salty water. PAC R also controls fluid loss and produces a thin, tough filter cake. APPLICATION PAC R can be added to any type of water-based drilling fluid. It will increase viscosity and effectively reduce filtrate loss at very low concentrations. PAC R is an excellent dual purpose polymer which may be mixed through normal mud hopper facilities or by pre-slurrying in AUS-CUT or ENVIROCUT before mixing to the mud system. ADVANTAGES Rapid increase in viscosity. Reduces water loss. Improves shale control. Extends life of foam or stiff foam in air drilling. USAGE Add 1.5 to 2.5 kgs/1,000 litres of water. PACKAGING PAC R is packaged in 25 kg multi-walled, water resistant paper bags or 15 kg plastic pails.
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AMC BEL
AMC BEL Extends bit life by lubricating the bearings and shirt tails. AMC BEL is 100% environmentally friendly, where as used oil not only contains metal particles, but the presence of diesel oil being mixed with water could create sulphuric acid. AMC BEL is made to be water soluble so that as much lubricant as possible gets into the bearings. APPLICATION Mix in water tank or inject 1.5 litres per hour direct into air line. ADVANTAGES - Effective in all types of water. - Extends the life of the air bearing roller stabilisers. - Reduces down hole torque. - Prevents corrosion of tanks, injection pumps, seals and hoses. - Assists in dust suppression. - Stabilises the walls of blast holes. USAGE Dosage: Use 5 litres to 100 litres of waters, depending on drilling conditions.
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5 (127mm) to 7 (190.5mm) - 2.0 - 2.5 litres/hour 8 (215.9mm) to 8 (222.25mm) - 3.0 - 3.5 litres/hour
PACKAGING
AMC-HAMMER OIL is packaged in 25 litre or 205 litre drums.
AUS-CUT
AUS-CUT is a concentrated blend of water soluble surfactants specially formulated to work effectively in conditions where traditional soluble oils fail. AUS-CUT forms a highly stable emulsion in fresh, saline or hard waters, and ensures optimum lubrication and cooling under the most adverse down hole conditions. APPLICATION The primary application of AUS-CUT is in diamond drilling where increased penetration rates and extended bit life are required. Underground drilling, where the fluid is being recirculated, is an excellent application for AUS-CUT especially when the mine water is of poor quality. ADVANTAGES Effective in hard, salty acidic conditions. Will not soap out onto drill rods when drilling cement. Cost effective increased penetration and bit life. USAGE Add 5 to 12.5 litres / 1,000 litres of water. PACKAGING AUS-CUT is packaged in 25 litre plastic pails or 205 litre steel drums.
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ENVIRO-CUT
ENVIRO-CUT is a specially designed vegetable oil based cutting oil, formulated for the use in areas where environmental concerns restrict the use of products that contain hydrocarbons. ENVIRO-CUT is formulated using surfactants and emulsifiers that enable the product to form a highly stable emulsion in fresh, saline and hard water conditions. APPLICATION ENVIRO-CUTs principal application is to assist with penetration rates and extend bit life in diamond drilling applications. ENVIRO-CUT can also be used as a base to liquefy powder polymer, making mixing easier, and to promote optimum performance from the chemicals. Due to ENVIRO-CUTs biodegradability, the product usage can be used in areas where environmental restrictions dictate chemical selection. ADVANTAGES Biodegradable. Effective in a variety of water conditions. Enhances bit life and penetration rates. Cost effective. USAGE Add 5 to 15 litres / 1,000 litres of water. PACKAGING ENVIRO-CUT is packaged in 20 litre boxes, 25 litre plastic pails or 205 litre steel drums.
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ENVIRO-GREASE
ENVIRO-GREASE is a specially formulated blend of vegetable and synthetic oils to form a bio-degradable grease, manufactured for use as a diamond drilling rod grease. ENVIRO-GREASE is bio degradable and environmentally friendly. APPLICATION ENVIRO-GREASE is applied to the rods as they are run back into the hole. The grease is easily applied to the outer side of the drill rod and heating isnt required prior to use. ADVANTAGES Environmentally friendly. Availability of different grades. Provides excellent adhesion and is effective in fresh to saline waters. Compatible with all types of lubricants and fluids systems. Highly effective in dry hole conditions, and is cost comparable to hydrocarbon based greases. USAGE Under normal drilling conditions, initially apply 1-2 kgs ENVIRO-GREASE for 100m NQ rods. As hole greases up, use less after each bit change. For dry hole conditions, use 2-3 kgs ENVIRO-GREASE per l00m for NQ rods and 3-4 kgs of ENVIRO-GREASE per 100m for HQ rods. Greasing can be reduced by circulating degreasers and detergents through the bore hole. PACKAGING ENVIRO-GREASE is packaged in 20 kg steel pails.
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APPLICATION
EP BIT LUBE SW is tolerant to hard saline make up waters. EP BIT LUBE SW eliminates rod vibration in diamond drilling by producing a soft, tenacious film of grease on the drill string and the borehole. The concentrated wetting agents in the product enhance the cooling and wetting of the impregnated diamond particles and accelerate removal of cuttings thereby improving penetration rates and extending bit life. EP BIT LUBE SW will form a white oil in water emulsion.
ADVANTAGES
EP BIT LUBE SW works is a variety of hard water conditions (Salinity, Calcium and Magnesium). Cost effective - low concentrations required to extend bit life and improve penetration rates. Reduces torque from the rod string and from the bit face. EP BIT LUBE SW deposits a soft grease on the rod string that reduces wear on the drill rods. Compatible with existing rod greases. Will not wash off the grease. Environmentally safe vegetable oil based with biodegradable emulsifiers.
USAGE
EP BIT LUBE SW may be added directly to the sump or injected into the circulating system. To eliminate vibration and torque in diamond drill holes 2.5 - 5.0 litres / 1,000 litres water. To improve impregnated bit life in extremely hard and abrasive ground 3.0 - 7.0 litres / 1,000 litres water. EP BIT LUBE SW mixes very easily to form a white emulsion in fresh to brackish water.
PACKAGING
EP BIT LUBE SW is packaged in 20 litre boxes, 25 litre or 210 litre plastic drums.
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TUBE LUBE
APPLICATION Reduces torque and frictional drag on the drill rods. Minimizes wear on drill string. Protects the rods, barrel and inner-tubes. Minimizes stuck rods. Used in surface and underground mining operations. Improves penetration (ROP). ADVANTAGES Economical and efficient. Environmentally acceptable. Biodegradable. Improved penetration. Stable at high temperatures. Lowers shearing on rods. Improves coring recovery in broken ground. Ideal for splits lubrication. USAGE Place the TUBE LUBE in the applicator used for TUBE LUBE and use as normal. Mix in a 210 litre drum and pump the mixture into the hole. PACKAGING Available in 20 kg and 25 kg plastic pails.
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UNIVERSAL - Diamond Drilling Biodegradable Cutting Oil for Fresh and Salty Water Conditions
UNIVERSAL is vegetable oil-based cutting oil for diamond drilling, which is suitable in all types of make up water for both surface and underground application. UNIVERSALs extreme pressure lubricating properties are designed to function at the face of an impregnated diamond bit giving improved penetration rates and extended bit life. APPLICATION UNIVERSAL is environmentally friendly cutting oil which gives excellent performance in virtually all water types ranging from brackish bore water to low pH (acidic) mine waters. It is particularly effective when re-circulated mine water is being used in underground drilling. UNIVERSAL contains extreme pressure lubricating agents which will help to cool diamond bits, increase penetration rates and extend bit life. UNIVERSAL acts to reduce rod torque and eliminate rod vibration. ADVANTAGES Effective in salty and low pH water. Biodegradable. Extends bit life and increases penetration rates. Cost effective - low concentration required. USAGE Add 2.5 to 5.0 Iitres/1,000 litres of water directly to the sump or inject into the circulating system (2.5% - 5% by volume). PACKAGING UNIVERSAL is packaged in 20 litre boxes, 25 litre or 210 litre plastic drums.
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AUS-DEX
AUS-DEX is a modified polysaccharide which provides good filtration control and drilled solids encapsulation without excessive viscosity build-up. APPLICATION AUS-DEX is used primarily for filtration control but may be used together with PAC or AUS-TROL to provide maximum encapsulation and borehole stabilization. It is recommended for use in areas where differential sticking is a problem and where a thin, tough filter cake is required. ADVANTAGES Versatile - can be used to reduce filtrate loss in most water based muds. Effective - reduces fluid loss in minimum concentrations. Improves borehole stability - effective in fresh, brackish and salt water conditions. USAGE Add 4 to 10 kgs/1,000 litres mud. PACKAGING AUS-DEX is packaged in 25 kg multi-walled paper bags or 15 kg plastic pails.
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AUS-LIG
AUS-LIG is a sodium salt of humic acid which is used extensively for thinning and filtration control of sodium bentonite based drilling muds. APPLICATION AUS-LIG is recommended for dispersing gel muds and reducing fluid loss to provide a thin, tough filter cake. It is most effective in treating normal to high pH muds and works best in fresh water fluids. ADVANTAGES Economical - low concentrations required. Versatile - can be used with most mud products. Effective - thins and reduces fluid loss very quickly. USAGE Add 2 to 4 kgs/1,000 litres direct to the mud system through mud hopper. PACKAGING AUS-LIG is packaged in 20 kg plastic pails.
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AUS-TEX
AUS-TEX is sodium asphalt sulphonate, and is 80% - 90% soluble in both fresh and hard water. When mixed in the mud system it coats out on the hole wall and assists with lubricity, shale stabilization and water loss. It also assists in the prevention of differential sticking. APPLICATION AUS-TEX can be used in all types of drilling applications - diamond coring, mud rotary and oil wells. It provides lubricity in hard water environments where conventional lubrication products cannot be used. ADVANTAGES Provides drill rod lubricity in diamond drilling operations. Coats out on the hole to assist with shale/clay control. Excellent general-purpose mud conditioner. USAGE AUS-TEX should be mixed through a mud hopper at between 5 to 15 kgs per 1,000 litres. When using in hard water, pre-mixing with fresh water will enhance performance. PACKAGING AUS-TEX is packaged in 25 kg sacks.
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HD LUBE
HD LUBE is truly an exceptional product, it is a NEW GENERATION Lubricant made specifically for the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) industry. Extensive research and development has resulted in a high performance lubricant that produces a lubristic film to coat metal surfaces. The depositing of a thin lubristic film reduces wear on tubulars and helps prevent clays balling. The uniqueness of the product also extends through to the selection of specialized vegetable oils and biodegradable emulsifiers. APPLICATION Reduces torque and frictional drag on the drill rods and reamers etc. Minimizes wear on the drill string and underground tooling. Reduces clay buildup on down hole equipment. Protects the rods, son housing and reamer. Improves the cutting action of the bit and reamer. Can be used when drilling or pulling packages. Improves reaming and cutting rates. ADVANTAGES Economical and efficient. Environmentally acceptable. Biodegradable. Produces a thin lubristic film on the metal surfaces. Eliminates build up on reamers and drill steel. Quick and easy to mix. Enhances the cooling action of the circulating fluid. Improves rod, bit and reamer life. Compatible with existing mud systems. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: Brown Coloured Liquid RECOMMENDED TREATMENT HD LUBE can be applied directly to the rod string or to the mixing tank. It is preferred that the HD LUBE be totally homogenized into a system to ensure maximum performance. Recommended usage of HD LUBE is 2.0 - 3.0 litres per 1,000 litres. Pipe size and installation length will dictate the most beneficial concentration. PACKAGING Available in 25 litres and 200 litres drums.
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HD SPERSE
HD SPERSE is a polymeric thinner designed exclusively for the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Industry. HD SPERSE is a concentrated dispersant used to efficiently break down clays and shales and will disperse Bentonite based drilling fluids. HD SPERSE can be added directly to the circulating fluid to break down clays or assist with the removal of waste fluid. APPLICATION Reduce torque when reaming. Breaks down drill solids to assist removal to waste. Reduces the possibility of frac-outs and hydro lock. Reduces the effects of contamination in Bentonite based fluids. ADVANTAGES Concentrated liquid thinner. Easy to mix. Prevents excessive viscosity development in clays and breaks down solids into liquids. Compatible with other additives. Rapidly dispersion. Environmentally Acceptable, is non toxic and does not ferment. USAGE Recommended usage - 2 - 4 litres per 1,000 litres Note: HD SPERSE is best dispersed through a PVC eductor or mixing hopper. PACKAGING HD SPERSE is packaged in 25 kg plastic drums.
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PAC L
PAC L is a polyanionic cellulose polymer, which is an extremely effective filtrate reducer in fresh or salty water. It also acts as a thinner in salty water in low concentrations. APPLICATION PAC L can be used in any type of water based drilling fluid, including saturated salt water fluids. It will effectively reduce filtrate loss without increasing viscosity. PAC L is an excellent shale encapsulater and inhibitor in medium to high concentrations. ADVANTAGES AMC PAC L is effective in all types of water based muds, including salt saturated. Effective in the reduction of filtrate in small concentrations. Effective in the reduction of shale dispersion at medium to high concentrations. Effective at moderate to high pH. Non toxic and will not ferment. USAGE In all fluid types, mix 2 to 5 kgs of PAC L / 1,000 litres of water slowly through a hopper. PACKAGING PAC L is packaged in 25 kg multi-walled bags.
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WELL CLEAN
WELL CLEAN is used in the development and clean up of water wells where bentonite based mud has been used. WELL CLEAN breaks down the viscosity of a bentonite mud and will destroy any wall cake that has formed on the walls of the drill hole, promoting rapid and effective clean up. APPLICATION During development, the mud should be displaced from the drill hole with fresh water before adding the WELL CLEAN. After the well screens have been run and set, jetting and surging with WELL CLEAN /water mix will promote rapid, deep penetration of the aquifer and assist the well clean up. USAGE Add 3 to 5 kgs /1,000 litres to clean water for jetting/ surging through the screens or gravel pack. PACKAGING WELL CLEAN is packaged in 15 kg plastic pails.
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AUS-DET XTRA
AUS-DET XTRA is a concentrated blend of detergents which improves the drilling characteristics of low solids and water based muds. APPLICATION AUS-DET XTRA may be used to reduce bit balling and drill rod collaring in soft sticky formations. It may also be used for dispersing the build up of drilled solids in the bit and also to disperse a build up of solids in diamond drill rods. AUS-DET XTRA may also be used in water well drilling to promote the rapid settling of cuttings at the surface. ADVANTAGES Can be added directly to the mud system. Is non-toxic and does not ferment. Effective in low concentrations. USAGE To reduce stickiness of clays use 2 to 5 litres/1,000 litres water. To assist in water well development use 1 to 2 litres/1,000 litres water. PACKAGING AUS-DET XTRA is packaged in 20 litre boxes, 25 litre plastic pails and 205 litre steel drums.
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APPLICATION
SUPER-FOAM may be used in a variety of air drilling operations, ranging from simple air drilling to stiff foam drilling where the foam is extended by the use of polymers such as LIQUI-POL or AUS-TROL.
ADVANTAGES
Generates instant high foam quality of exceptional stability. Is compatible with all types of makeup water including brackish and hard water. Is environmentally friendly and biodegradable - it does not pollute. Lubricating properties make it suitable for use with down hole hammers. Reduces air requirements and allows deeper drilling. Reduces the tendency of softer clays to stick together. Improves hole cleaning and increases penetration rates.
USAGE
Mist Drilling - SUPER-FOAM should be mixed with water at 0.25 to 0.3% by volume and injected into the air stream. The rate of injection will depend on hole size, compressor output and water flow rate etc. Foam Drilling - If water flow rates are high and compressor limits are reached, up to 1% by volume of SUPER-FOAM. Stiff Foam Drilling - Stiff foam applications include areas of severe lost circulation, large diameter holes and unconsolidated formations. Stiff foam can be prepared by injecting a base slurry of 35-40 seconds per litre viscosity fluid prepared as follows: LIQUI-POL 1 to 2 kgs/1,000 litres | AMC- PacR 1 to 2 kgs/1,000 litres | SUPER-FOAM 10 litres/1,000 litres. When injected into the air stream, this slurry will produce stiff foam of shaving cream consistency.
PACKAGING
SUPER-FOAM is 25 litre boxes, 25 litre plastic pails and 200 litre drums.
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AUS-GRIP A & B
AUS-GRIP A & B is a foaming system consisting of two liquid components. AUS-GRIP A is a blend of polyols, catalysts, blowing additives, cel control additives and fire retardant. AUS-GRIP B is a technical grade diphenul methane diisocyanate (MDI). APPLICATION By mixing AUS-GRIP A & B a series of chemical reactions result in the formation of a rigid urethane foam which is an ideal application for the sealing of drilling collars. ADVANTAGES Can be used for pre-collar sealing or sealing of cavities in thief zones. USAGE AUS-GRIP A & B is poured into a suitable container in the ratio of one tin of AUS-GRIP A to one tin of AUSGRIP B. The mixture is stirred for 10 to 15 seconds and immediately poured into the top of the pre-collar or thief zone. PACKAGING AUS-GRIP A & B are packaged in 1.2 kg and 0.8 kg tins respectively.
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FR-100L
FR-100L is a liquid cement friction reducing compound which makes high density cement slurries more pumpable and does not affect the setting time or final compressive strength. APPLICATION Cementing deep diamond drill holes frequently presents problems, primarily because the cement slurry is not sufficiently dense (too much water) before it is pumped. During pumping, dilution takes place and the final cement fails to set. High density (16 Ib/gal) cement slurries are very thick and beyond the capabilities of most diamond drilling rig pumps. FR-100L is an excellent friction reducer and very small quantities will thin viscous slurries to the point where standard pumps can easily handle cement displacement. USAGE Add 0.5-1.0 litres / 200 litres cement slurry. Note 1: Cement slurry weighing 15.6 Ib/gal requires approximately 19 litres water per 40 kg sack Portland cement. Note 2: Do not mix FR-100L and Calcium Chloride together. If Calcium Chloride accelerator is used, add it to the mix water and add the FR100L to the cement slurry. PACKAGING FR-100L is packaged in 25 litre drums.
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GROUND STABILISER
GROUND STABILISER is a specially formulated blend of resins that coats out on the hole wall to form a hard surface. It is designed for use in RC drilling operations where broken/unstable ground is problematic. APPLICATION GROUND STABILISER is mixed with water and the resulting mixture is injected into the air stream via the centre of the RC rod. With the hammer open, the product bypasses the hammer ports and is blown into the hole annulus and coats out on the hole wall. As a result of the volume and heat of the airflow, GROUND STABILISER dries instantly to form a hard surface. ADVANTAGES Use of this product makes it possible to drill highly fractured and broken ground, including running sands. It eliminates the need to re-drill unstable hole intervals, resulting in higher production for the drilling contractor. In some areas it may negate the need to run casing strings or to cement holes due to unstable ground conditions. USAGE GROUND STABILISER is typically mixed with water at a ratio of 1:1. The volume of the resulting mixture required will vary depending on the hole conditions but typically 2 litres will be sufficient to seal 3 metres of 5 inch hole. PACKAGING GROUND STABILISER is packaged in 25 litre plastic cubes and 205 litre steel drums.
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GYPSET
GYPSET is high strength cement that has been formulated to set hard in a specific time. APPLICATION GYPSET is ideal for curing lost circulation and for cementing unstable, caving ground. Gypsum cements can set while being pumped, it is, therefore, important that the correct grade of material is used to provide adequate pumping time. GYPSET may also be used to cement surface casing or pipe in air drilling operations. GYPSET is available in setting times that range from 15 minutes to 120 minutes. ADVANTAGES Controlled setting time. Reduces rig down time (waiting on cement to set). Will give a readily pumpable thixotropic slurry. USAGE Add 8 kgs of Gypset to 5 litres of water and displace to hole. PACKAGING GYPSET is packaged in 20 kg plastic pails.
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WEIGHTING MATERIALS
WEIGHTING MATERIALS are used to control formation pressures, artesian aquifers and to reduce or eliminate formation caving. The most commonly used material to weight up drilling fluids is BARITE (barium sulphate) which can be used to weight up muds in excess of 20 Ibs per US gallon (SG 2.40). Where mud density is required in diamond drilling operations or in slim-hole oil and gas exploration, it is difficult to use barite because of the spin out effect due to the centrifugal force from high rotational rod speeds. In this situation it becomes necessary to use solids free brine. CALCIUM CHLORIDE will increase the fluid density to 11.6 lbs/gal (SG 1.40) maximum. POTASSIUM CHLORIDE is primarily used as a clay inhibitor, it can be used to increase fluid density to 9.7 lbs/gal (SG 1.62). SODIUM CHLORIDE may be used to increase fluid density to 10.0 lbs/gal (SG 1.20) maximum. Careful control of flow properties will be required to prevent settling when barite is added to a mud system. Corrosion control can become a problem when CALCIUM CHLORIDE brine is used. BARITE CALCIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM CHLORIDE
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BARITE
A high quality barium sulphate (BaSO4) ground to meet API specifications can be used to increase mud density in all types of drilling fluid systems. BARITE is chemically inert to all drilling fluids additives and meets or exceeds the following API specifications: API SPECIFICATIONS Density (SG) Soluble Alkaline Earth metals as Ca++ Wet Screen Analysis Residue on US Sieve No. 200 4.20 SG minimum 250 ppm maximum 3.0% maximum 5.0% minimum
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USAGE Please refer to charts in this of this booklet for details on increasing SG by adding BARITE. PACKAGING BARITE is packaged in 25 kg multi-walled paper bags.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
CALCIUM CHLORIDE can be used to prepare a solids free drilling fluid with a density to 11.7 pounds per gallon (SG 1.40) maximum.
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USAGE The following table indicates CALCIUM CHLORIDE concentrations to obtain a required fluid density. For further details, please contact an AMC representative. CONCENTRATION (%/Weight) Fresh Water 1% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% (Saturated) DENSITY Specific Gravity 1.000 1.009 1.043 1.085 1.130 1.180 1.231 1.284 1.340 1.398 CHLORIDES (mg/L) 6,454 33,360 69,440 108,624 151,040 196,880 246,528 300,048 357,888
Note: % by weight is the equivalent of; 1% = 10 kilograms per 1,000 litres PACKAGING CALCIUM CHLORIDE is packaged in 25 kg poly sacks.
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
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POTASSIUM CHLORIDE is a finely ground, water soluble inorganic salt. APPLICATION POTASSIUM CHLORIDE provides an economical and effective shale-inhibitive system to minimize hole problems when drilling unstable clay and shale formations. The potassium ion reacts between the individual clay platelets in the shale so that they are held together, thus eliminating entry of water from the drilling fluid. This clay stabilizing property is significantly enhanced when high molecular weight polymers such as LIQUIPOL are used in conjunction with POTASSIUM CHLORIDE. ADVANTAGES Relatively inexpensive and readily available. May be used to increase density of the fluid. USAGE The following table indicates Potassium Chloride concentrations to obtain a required fluid density. For further details contact and AMC representative. CONCENTRATION (% OF WEIGHT) DENSITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY (20OC) CHLORIDES (MG/L) 1% 1.005 4,756 3% 1.017 14,506 6% 1.037 29,582 9% 1.057 45,229 12% 1.077 61,447 15% 1.097 77,800 18% 1.119 95,737 21% 1.140 114,000 24% 1.162 132,643 Note: % of weight is the equivalent of; 1% = 10 kilograms per 1,000 litres. PACKAGING POTASSIUM CHLORIDE is available in 25 kg poly sacks.
SODIUM CHLORIDE
SODIUM CHLORIDE can be used as a weighting agent to increase fluid density to 10.0 pounds per gallon (SG 1.20) maximum. A SODIUM CHLORIDE based drilling fluid can provide good inhibition against water sensitive clays and shales. USAGE The following table indicates SODIUM CHLORIDE concentrations to obtain a required fluid density. For further details, please contact an AMC representative. CONCENTRATION (%/Weight) DENSITY Specific Gravity Fresh Water 1.000 1% 1.007 3% 1.021 6% 1.043 9% 1.065 12% 1.088 15% 1.111 18% 1.134 21% 1.158 24% 1.183 26% (Saturated) 1.199 Note: % by weight is the equivalent of; 1% = 10 kilograms per 1,000 litres PACKAGING SODIUM CHLORIDE is packaged in 25 kg sacks. CHLORIDES (mg/L) 6,108 18,580 37,963 58,141 79,166 101,087 123,804 147,580 172,147 189,143
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COMMERCIAL CHEMICALS
Commercial chemicals are frequently added to drilling fluids for the following reasons: - For pH control. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a fluid. In general, most mud products perform better in an alkaline environment, i.e. pH of above 7. - To remove hardness. Calcium and magnesium may be precipitated by raising the pH. a) Calcium - raising pH to 9.0 with soda ash. b) Magnesium - raising pH above 10.0 with caustic soda. - Corrosion control. Corrosion is generally reduced as the pH is raised. USAGE Caustic Soda - To increase pH. Potassium Hydroxide - To increase pH without the dispersive problems associated with over treatment as occurs with Caustic Soda. Soda Ash - To increase pH and to lower calcium levels (make the water soft). Sodium Bicarbonate - To treat out cement contamination and to lower pH in cement contaminated muds. TREATMENT Caustic Soda - 0.25 to 1.5 kgs/1,000 litres. Potassium Hydroxide - 0.25 to 1.5 kgs/1,000 litres. Soda Ash - 0.5 to 2.5 kgs/1,000 litres. Sodium Bicarbonate - 0.25 to 5 kgs/1,000 litres. PACKAGING Caustic Soda - 25 kg plastic pail. Potassium Hydroxide - 25 kg plastic pail. Soda Ash - 25 kg sacks. Sodium Bicarbonate - 25 kg sacks.
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AMC-BIOCIDE
Used for the prevention of bacteria build up in drilling fluids. APPLICATION Normal dosage rate of 5 litres per 1,000 litres of mud volume (0.5% by volume). Add directly at flow line over full circulation. CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Colour: Beige - Brown Form: Clear Liquid Benzisothiazolin-3-one 4% pH 12 min STORAGE Store in a plastic lined or stainless steel container, between 5C and 40C. Protect from frost. Do not store close to strong oxidising agents which could aggravate any fire situation. Refer to MSDS for further details.
PACKAGING
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AMC BIOCIDE G
AMC BIOCIDE G is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly product, which is used largely as a preventative to kill bacteria. APPLICATION AMC BIOCIDE G is used to prevent bacterial degradation forming in mud systems. Bacteria multiply in a very short time. Once the reproductive cycle begins, waste enzymes produced by the bacteria begin to attack polymers in water based mud systems. Polymers act as a food source for these enzymes. Once this cycle has begun, killing the bacteria will not prevent mud degradation as the bacteriacide will affect the enzymes. It remains important to kill bacteria before this cycle begins. ADVANTAGES Extends the life and prevents fermentation of natural polymers such as starch, guar and xanthium based products. Also extends the life and prevents fermentation of semi synthetic polymers such as the poly anionic celluloses. Environmental: AMC BIOCIDE G is not toxic below 0.4% to sensitive aquatic organisms using the LC50 / EC50 testing protocols. AMC BIOCIDE G has a hydrolosis half life at 250 C of 46 days. USAGE Dosage rates will vary with mud systems, location, water quality and temperature. AMC BIOCIDE G is recommended to be used in maximum concentrations of 0.4% / vol. In locations where environmental conditions are conducive to fast bacterial reproduction rates such as hot jungle locations, frequency of dosage may be required to be increased. Add directly to mud system either in agitated pits, or directly to flowline. Add directly to premixes prior to adding to main mud systems. Add regularly to premix pits if they remain static with excess mud. Note: BIOCIDE G is naturally biodegradable, and as such needs to be added to the mud system on a regular basis. It should be added to all premixes. PACKAGING AMC BIOCIDE G is packaged in 25 kg and 15 kg pails.
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AMC DEFOAMER
AMC DEFOAMER is an effective liquid defoamer / antifoamer for use in all water-based drilling fluids. APPLICATION AMC DEFOAMER may be added directly to the mud system to treat an existing foaming problem or it may be mixed prior to the foaming problem arising. As foaming and defoaming are complex reactions it is difficult to predict required quantities, but in general, 0.1% by volume is adequate to alleviate the problem. ADVANTAGES Effective immediately. Efficient - very small quantities required. Ease of handling and mixing. USAGE Add 0.1% by volume to the surface of the mud system. PACKAGING AMC DEFOAMER is packaged in 25 litre plastic pails.
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AUSFLOC-L
AUSFLOC-L is a synthetic co-polymer which is used to flocculate drilled solids and promote settling in the surface pits. APPLICATION AUSFLOC-L is mixed slowly in fresh water and allowed to trickle into the circulating system. Rate of addition will depend upon rig circulating rates and also upon the type of formation being drilled, but will be in the range of 50 to 150 litres per hour. ADVANTAGES Ease of low-solids muds maintenance. Reduces water requirements. Increases penetration rates. Effective using small quantities. USAGE Add 2 litres to 1,000 litres of fresh water. PACKAGING AUSFLOC-L is packaged in 25 litre plastic cubes.
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BACKFILL
BACKFILL is a mixture of premium bentonite, gypsum and sodium sulphate. APPLICATION BACKFILL is used for galvanic (sacrificial) anodes, cathodic protection and earthing rods. MIXING AND VOLUME 1:1 by weight 100 kg backfill + 100 litres water (100ltr) = 0.15m 1:1 by volume 0.1m backfill + 0.1m water (100ltr) = 0.15m 1:2 by volume 0.1m backfill + 0.2m water (200ltr) = 0.25m BULK DENSITY Loose: 770 kg/m Tapped: 1,000 kg/m Compressed: 1250 kg/m BACKFILL is mixed in the proportions as required by the Australian Standard A.S. 2239 - 1979. PACKAGING BACKFILL is packaged in 25 kg multi walled sacks.
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BENTONITE CHIPS
BENTONITE CHIPS are pure Wyoming bentonite designed for use as sealants for hole abandonment, casing seals or any vertical seal to prevent water movement up or down a bore hole. BENTONITE CHIPS are available in medium (1/4- 3/8) and coarse (3/8- ) grades. APPLICATION Sealing of piezometers in boreholes provide a seal between aquifers to prevent water migration. Backfill abandoned wells. Seal surface casing. When absorbing water, BENTONITE CHIPS swell to fill voids exerting pressure against all surfaces to create a flexible low permeability seal. In most conditions a seal is established within 1 hour. ADVANTAGES Creates an impermeable barrier.
Hole Diameter mm 64 101 127 152 203 305 inches 2.5 4 5 6 8 12 Kg of Chips per metre of hole Medium Coarse 4 Not recommended 10 9 16 13 23 19 42 34 119 75
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BENTONITE PELLETS
BENTONITE PELLETS are compressed tablets of highly swelling sodium bentonite which form a flexible, non-toxic seal. APPLICATION Sealing of piezometers in boreholes. Provide a seal between aquifers to prevent water migration. Backfill abandoned wells. Seal surface casing for boreholes. Bentonite has the capacity to absorb large quantities of water and to expand into an impermeable, glutinous mass. The addition of cement to the BENTONITE PELLETS will provide resistance to water pressures if necessary. SIZE BENTONITE PELLETS are available in 3/8 and 1/4 size tablets. PACKAGING BENTONITE PELLETS are packaged in 50lb (22.68 kg) plastic pails.
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CLAY-COAT XTRA
CLAY-COAT XTRA is a second generation, environmentally safe, versatile additive for all types of water or brine based drilling fluids. In addition to stabilizing the overall properties of the mud system, CLAY-COAT XTRA improves lubricity and enhances the inhibitive qualities of water based drilling fluids. APPLICATION Lubricant: CLAY-COAT XTRA is a high performance, non-toxic lubricating agent which is compatible with any type of water based mud, fresh or saline. Shale Inhibitor: The polyglycerol molecules of CLAY-COAT XTRA are larger than water and will minimise shale hydration problems by decreasing the activity of the water phase and displacing water from shale surfaces. USAGE Lubrication: Initial concentration of of 10 - 30 litres/1,000 litres are recommended for optimum performance. Shale Inhibition: Depending on the charge density of the shale being drilled and the type of mud system being used, 4 - 8% of the fluid phase by volume will greatly increase the inhibitive qualities of the mud system. PACKAGING CLAY-COAT XTRA is packaged in 25 litre plastic pails or 205 litre steel drums.
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C-PACK
C-PACK is a pre-mixed casing pack formulation to recover casing. C-PACK is a non-weighted, no solids invert emulsion designed for maximum stability and lubricity. APPLICATION The hole should be circulated clean around the casing or rods, prior to using C-PACK as a casing lubricator. Rig the pump suction directly to an agitated drum of C-PACK and pump into rods/casing as required. Annular volumes should be calculated with an excess of 20% allowed for over-size hole. Annular volume between PQ hole and HW casing is 1.8 litres/metre. Displace C-PACK with mud or water leaving approximately 2 to 3 metres C-PACK inside casing. Set casing to seal and prevent flow-back. Note:-If hole is experiencing lost returns prior to running C-PACK, the C-PACK should be pumped down the outside of the casing, rotating the casing slowly, while pumping to ensure a uniform coating. USAGE One 200 litre drum of C-PACK will fill approximately 110 metres of HW casing/PQ hole annulus. PACKAGING C-PACK is packaged in 25 kg cubes and 200 litre steel drums.
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INHIBI-SWELL P
INHIBISWELL P is a newly formulated individually designed one sack system that allows you to drill difficult geological formations which otherwise would have been impossible. APPLICATION INHIBI-SWELL P combines several properties that inhibit the reactive mechanism when drilling swelling and hydrophobic formations, making them water repellent, therefore stabilizing the formation. INHIBISWELL P is truly a unique formulation, making your drilling problems disappear. ADVANTAGES Stabilizes water sensitive formations. Ideal for the preparation of a casing pack. Prevents fluid invasion into friable formations. Provides a stable wall cake. Prevents hole enlargement in fragile water sensitive formations. Improves core recovery and prevents core from being washed away. Easy to mix. Easy to monitor for efficiency, one sack system. USAGE Normal use: 25 50 kilograms per 1,000 litres water. Polymers such as CR 650, LIQUIPOL, PACs, BIOVIS and XANBORE can be used in conjunction with INHIBISWELL P at a concentration of about 2 to 4 kgs per 1,000 Lt water for viscosity adjustments. PACKAGING INHIBISWELL P is packed in 20 kg pails.
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RESIDRILL
RESIDRILL is a product designed to give any drilling fluid non invasive properties. It reduces dynamic filtration loss, stabilizes wellbores and protects reservoirs from damage. The product is formulated to reduce fluid loss and stabilize shales by preventing filtrate invasion. Filter cake and differential sticking are therefore minimized and weak formations are stabilized. The product is environmentally friendly. APPLICATION A treatment of 11 kg/m3 of RESIDRILL to a salt polymer mud system on a 20/40 sandstone test cell allowed only minimal to zero spurt invasion and 100% return permeability. ADVANTAGES Reduces dynamic filtration loss. Prevents formation of a thick filter cake while drilling through pressure depleted formations. Replaces conventional fluid loss control agents and inhibitors eg. PHPA, PAC. Performs as a fluid loss reducer and formation stabilizer in oil base muds. Improves the performance of solids control equipment by aggregating fine solid particles making them easily removed. Protects reservoirs. 11 kg/m3 added to any fluid will limit fluid invasion thus protecting the reservoir permeability. A normal treatment of AMC RESIDRILL would be between 5 and 12 kgs/m3. USAGE The API fluid test for a non invasive additive should be conducted as follows: Pour 300 grams of 20/40 sand onto the screen with no paper.
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ROD-FREE
ROD-FREE is a concentrated oil soluble surfactant specially formulated to alleviate differential sticking. APPLICATION ROD-FREE has been developed to free differentially stuck drill rods in low or unweighted mud systems when all other mechanical options have failed. ADVANTAGES ROD-FREE can be mixed directly with a suitable non hydrocarbon based oil and spotted opposite the permeable zone where the rods are thought to be stuck. ROD-FREE is highly effective at penetrating the mud wall cake, thereby reducing the surface area in contact with the borehole and allowing the rods to be pulled free. USAGE Add 15 to 20 litres/1,000 litres to a suitable non hydrocarbon base oil. Spot opposite permeable formation where rods are stuck. PACKAGING ROD-FREE is packaged in 25 litre pails or 205 litre steel drums.
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PACKAGING
Available in 200 litre and 25 litre containers.
WATER CONDITIONER
WATER CONDITIONER is a blend of water treating agents. It is used for the treatment of recycled mine water or extremely hard artesian water. APPLICATION Will treat both soluble calcium and magnesium without high residual levels. ADVANTAGES Negates the need to use high concentrations of Soda Ash and / or Caustic Soda. Residual pH levels at normal treatment ranges will remain in the pH 9- pH 10 range. USAGE Use 1 kg / 1,000 litre for every 1,000mg/I Total Hardness. PACKAGING WATER CONDITIONER is packaged in 15 kg pails.
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Granulated Bentonite Mixture of fibres, flakes - fine, medium and coarse Shredded organic fibre Fast setting chemical grout, forms a tough, water resistant rubber in a predetermined time
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Add 5 - 15 kgs/1,000 litres mud. Add 20 - 45 kgs/1,000 litres mud. Add 5 - 25 kgs/1,000 litres mud.
KWIKSEAL
KWIKSEAL is an engineered blend of granular, flake, and fibrous materials. It is available in three grinds to function effectively over the widest range of lost circulation materials. APPLICATION KWIKSEALS primary function is to stop lost circulation in a wide range of conditions with water based drilling fluids. Coarse grind is used to seal large fractures and highly permeable formations and can be pumped easily through large jets or open pipe. Medium grind is extremely effective in sealing medium to fine fractures and porous zones and can be used with most jet bits. Fine grind is where seepage losses are a problem, such as with fine fractures or porous formations. Fine will circulate through coarse - mesh shaker screens (+ - 20 mesh) and can be maintained in the mud as a filler. It is recommended that Medium grind be used for diamond drilling applications when 100% lost circulation is encountered. The tolerances experienced in diamond drilling are too small for the coarse grind to be used. ADVANTAGES - Specific blend of high strength granules (bridging agents), fibres (matting agents), and flakes (sealing agents) - It functions by first forming a bridge, then packing off around the bridge to create a seal. - Tight, strong, seal under high and low pressure differentials. - Can be used to effectively stop loss of fluid in unconsolidated formation and fractures. - The seal is not easily removed by bit movement or mud circulation - Effective in small quantities. USAGE Add KWIKSEAL through the hopper or directly in to a well agitated suction pit. Add 10-20kg of KWIKSEAL to every 1,000 litres of Make Up Fluid PACKAGING 40LB Sack
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SHUR SEAL
SHUR SEAL is a blend of variable sized particles of ground paper that is applicable for use in all water based drilling fluid systems. APPLICATION SHUR SEAL can be used in concentrations up to 40kg / 1,000 litres of fluid make up in slug treatments or as an additive to the entire system. In most areas of lost circulation it is advisable to pre treat the system before drilling in to the lost circulation zone. ADVANTAGES - Simple and easy to use. - Can be added through the hopper or directly in to the pits. - Range of different particle sizes. USAGE 5 - 25kg / 1,000 litres of Drilling Fluid. PACKAGING 10kg Sack
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS
AMC provides ecologically sensitive bio-chemical products known as the Eco Nutria range. These products enable the in-situ treatment and remediation of hydro-carbon from drilling rig sites, including polymers in sumps, and associated equipment. The Eco Nutria range eliminates the need for costly transportation of soil and / or liquids, off site incineration, storage or dumping. All Eco Nutria products are manufactured from natural materials and fibres, are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. ABSORBENT MATS AND BOOMS DUSTCLEAN DUSTDOWN ECO WASH EMD-S H2O GEL HYDRO OILSORB OXYGEN BOOSTER REDS SOILCLEAN SUMPKLEEN SUMP-LOK
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DUSTCLEAN
DUSTCLEAN is a specially formulated product designed to eliminate dust from declines and underground roadways. It is odour free and does not develop a slippery surface when wet. APPLICATION Dust prevention and suppression on declines and underground roadways. Reduces vehicle maintenance. Reduces particulate matter in the air. ADVANTAGE Easy to apply. Reduces vehicle maintenance. Increases tyre life. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: clear coloured liquid. RECOMMENDED TREATMENT - Initial Coating: - Mix a 30% solution in water. - Spray the diluted DUSTCLEAN at about 0.2 lt/m2. - Leave to dry. - Maintenance Coating: - The maintenance coating is sprayed onto the dry initial coating. - Maintenance coatings are applied at the same concentration and application rate as the initial coating, 1-3 weeks after the initial coating depending on the nature of the roadway.
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DUSTDOWN
DESCRIPTION DUSTDOWN is a specially formulated product designed to protect gravel road surfaces and eliminate dust. DUSTDOWN penetrates the road surface and with time forms a layer on the road surface which then needs less spraying periods. Roads treated with DUSTDOWN do not develop a slippery surface when wet. APPLICATION Dust prevention and suppression on mine roads, haul roads and gravel roads. Increases tyre life. Reduces vehicle maintenance. ADVANTAGES Easy to apply. Reduces vehicle maintenance. Increases tyre life TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: light coloured liquid. Recommended Treatment for Gravel Roads Initial Coating: Mix 300 lt of DUSTDOWN into 1,700 lt water. Spray the diluted DUSTDOWN at about 0.2 lt/m2. Leave to dry. MAINTENANCE COATING: The maintenance coating is sprayed onto the dry initial coating. Maintenance coatings are applied at the same concentration and application rate as the initial coating, 1-3 weeks after the initial coating depending on the nature of the road.
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ECO WASH
ECOWASH is an environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternative to harsh solvents or conventional cleaning products. The product is particularly effective on organic soils, such as grease and oil, or soils that contain soot or pigment. It does not damage rubber, plastic, paint or metal. APPLICATION ECOWASH should be used undiluted for heavy duty cleaning. Apply to the surface to be cleaned with sufficient agitation or scrubbing to remove the soiling. ECOWASH can be applied by means of high-pressure systems. For general purpose cleaning ECOWASH can be diluted as required. The waste product can be washed to drain where regulations allow. Applications include hard surface cleaning, engineering cleaning, machine cleaning and all purpose cleaning. Composition: A clear, slightly opalescent liquid, containing a blend of non-ionic and cationic surfactants, a complexing agent and other salts in a water solution. SAFETY Frequent users should wear protective gloves. Wash off skin / bath eyes with water. If swallowed rinse out mouth but do not drink. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention if irritant persists. Keep out of reach of children. PACKAGING 25 / 200 lt, 1,000 lt flow bins.
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EMD-S
EMD-S is a proven dust suppression agent formulated from blends of highly active hydrocarbon surfactants and stabilising agents. APPLICATION It is designed for use on surface transfer points and conveyor belts. Used to suppress dust on stock piles. Can be used on any dust generating materials ADVANTAGES Allows easy penetration of water in bulk materials. Improves the wetting properties of water. Reduces the amount of water required for dust suppression. Provides clear working environment. Reduces health risks associated with excessive inhalation of dust. Very cost effective (needs only small amounts to achieve great results). EMD-S can be used in any type of water. TYPICAL Appearance: Viscous light brown liquid. PROPERTIES Solubility: Highly soluble in water RECOMMENDED 0.5 litre to 1.0 litre of EMD-S on 1,000 litres of DOSAGE water.
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H2O GEL
H2O GEL is dry absorbent powder which readily encapsulates water. APPLICATION - Moisture source for microbes. - Absorbent of water / acid spills. H2O is a medium for gel cutting fluids, emulsified liquids, chemicals, contaminated water, and through a process of natural evaporation eliminates costly disposal fees. FEATURES AND BENEFITS - Non-toxic. - Non-harmful to the environment or humans. - Bio degrades with exposure to ultra violet. - High absorbency. - Re-hydrates at least 10 times. PACKAGING 5 kg and 10 kg pail.
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HYDRO OILSORB
HYDRO OILSORB is hydrophobic; floats on water, and is oleophillic; absorbs petro-hydrocarbon based fluids without absorbing the water. HYDRO OILSORB will not disintegrate or sink when saturated with oil and is easily disposed of. HYDRO OILSORB is a natural, environmentally friendly absorbent manufactured from natural fibre. APPLICATION HYDRO OILSORB has a broad range of applications: - Control oil spills in rivers, lakes, dams and catchments areas. - Hydraulic drill contractors use ABSORBENT MATS & BOOMS around their drilling rigs and sumps to absorb leakages from the rig and to contain oil spills on water to eliminate contamination of the environment. - Remove oil contamination from plant process water. - Control oil spills and slicks in harbour and dock areas. - Control oil contamination in wastewater treatment plants. - Spill Response Teams use Booms and Pillows to contain spills on roadways or waterways. FEATURES AND BENEFITS - Non-toxic. - Readily biodegradable, contains billions of micro-organisms and enzymes to digest petro-hydrocarbons - High absorbency means less product is required to clean up spill - Hydrophobic with high buoyancy level - Prevents wildlife from coming into contact with pollutant - Less material is hauled to landfill or incinerator - Can be incinerated. Emits 7,000 BTUs with less than 5 per cent ash - Floats on water while absorbing Hydrocarbons PACKAGING Loose Floc: 5 kg Bags Booms: 2m x 10cm 2m x 20cm 4m x 20cm (larger sizes can be made as per order) Abmats: 2m x 500mm x 200mm 1m x 1m x 200mm 1m x 1m x 100mm 500mm x 500mm x 50mm (larger sizes can be made as per order)
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OXYGEN BOOSTER
OXYGEN BOOSTER is a stable water soluble oxidizing granule which will not harm the environment. Safe to Nature, its primary function is to boost the oxygen levels in anaerobic soil remediation conditions, thereby assisting the SoilFix / SoilClean hydrocarbon digesting micro organisms to thrive in the harsh anaerobic environment. It also eliminates odours quickly and permanently. FEATURES Easy and safe to handle. The slow release ingredients are water-soluble. BENEFITS Slow release providing oxygen gradually to the source. User friendly, non-toxic, non-hazardous and safe to use. Safe to nature, environmentally friendly and biodegradable. Removes odours quickly. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Appearance: White Granules pH: Neutral Fragrance: Odourless STORAGE AND HANDLING Storage: Store in a cool dry place and away from other chemicals and oxidizing agents. Handling: Avoid excessive contact. Wash hands thoroughly with warm soapy water after use. PACKAGING 20 kg Plastic Pails.
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REDS
REDS is a specially formulated product to protect gravel road surfaces and eliminate dust. This product penetrates the road surface to give a very stable road surface layer. It is very easy to apply and with time forms a hydrophobic layer on the road surface which then needs less spraying periods. Roads treated with REDS do not develop a slippery surface when wet. APPLICATION - Dust prevention and suppression on mine roads, haul roads and gravel roads. - Increases tyre life - Reduces vehicle maintenance - Reduces dust on agricultural crops to maximize crop production. ADVANTAGES - Easy to apply - Reduces vehicle maintenance - Increases tyre life. - Increases crop production TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: light coloured liquid RECOMMENDED TREATMENT FOR GRAVEL ROADS - Initial coating - Mix 150 Lt of REDS into 850 LT water. - Spray the diluted REDS at about 1 Lt/m2 - Leave to dry. - Mix another 150 Lt of REDS into 850 LT water. - Spray the second layer of diluted REDS at about 1 Lt/m2. 12-24 hours after the first layer. - Leave to dry. - Maintenance coating - The maintenance coating is sprayed onto the dry initial coating. - Maintenance coating are applied at the same concentration and application rate as the initial coating. 1-3 weeks after the initial coating depending on the nature of the road.
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SOILCLEAN
SOILCLEAN is a dual-purpose oil / fuel absorbent and bio degrader that readily absorbs and biodegrades all fractions of petro-hydrocarbons and drilling polymers. The natural non-pathogenic bacteria, enzymes (micro organisms) present in SOILCLEAN naturally biodegrades the contaminant to harmless by-products of carbon dioxide, water and a bio mass in situ in a short time frame. APPLICATION SOILCLEAN is applied by evenly distributing and mixing the product into the contaminated soil. Mix 500 ml of SOILCLEAN with 20 litres of water. The bacteria and enzymes (micro organisms) present in SOILCLEAN go to work by digesting and metabolising with the petro-hydrocarbon contaminant. By keeping the area damp, and regularly aerating the remediation area, the contaminants are quickly converted into water, carbon dioxide and bio mass. Remediation can take place on site to contaminant ingress depths of up to 500 mm. Deeper contaminated areas should be excavated and thoroughly mixed with SOILCLEAN with the aid of a front end loader / concrete mixer and placed into beds or windrows to a max height of 300 mm. Ensure that the beds / windrows are turned on a regular basis. Petro-hydrocarbon sludges can be remediated by utilizing the above process. Case histories and technical assistance is provided by our trained technical sales staff. FEATURES AND BENEFITS - Simple and safe to use - Encapsulated oils and fuels will not leach or contaminate ground water - SOILCLEAN is non-toxic, non-abrasive, non-carcinogenic and non-volatile - SOILCLEAN acts as a fire retardant - Produced from a natural waste product Nutrients in SOILCLEAN: The micro-organisms, non pathogenic bacteria and enzymes in SOILFIX are indigenous cellulose. PACKAGING 10 kg Pail.
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SUMPKLEEN
SUMPKLEEN is a granular white powder blend of surface active ingredients. It is designed to de-flocculate (bring to the surface) oil and suspended solids from the sludge bed in drilling sumps, and replenishes the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) rapidly. ADVANTAGES Rapidly replenishes oxygen. Non-Flammable Solvent Free. Easy to use and leaves no harmful residues. Carbonizes oil and drilling polymers. Not regulated as an ozone depleter. Rapidly biodegrades after it has performed its task. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Safe and easy to handle. Environmentally friendly. Note: SUMPKLEEN has been formulated as a de-flocculant and will rapidly biodegrade after it has actioned, penetrated and lifted the ingressed oil, and converts to water within 24 hours. PACKAGING 25 kg Pail.
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SUMP-LOK
SUMP-LOK is a gelling agent specially formulated to gellate water based drilling fluids to form a firm gel. Depending on drilling fluid composition, 10 kg of SUMP-LOK will firmly gellate 600 - 2,000 litres of drilling fluid. APPLICATION Gellation of water based drilling fluid sumps prior to disposal Gellation of HDD drilling fluids prior to disposal Gellation of bentonite slurries in civil engineering applications FEATURES AND BENEFITS - Non-toxic - Non-harmful to the environment or humans - Bio degrades - High absorbency PACKAGING 10 kg and 25 kg Pail.
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DISPLACEMENT PLUGS
Drillable DISPLACEMENT PLUGS have been designed for use in diamond drilling rods and casing when cementing or running casing packs. Displacement plugs are made of natural rubber and the fluted design allows the plugs to be displaced with the rig pump. APPLICATION DISPLACEMENT PLUGS are particularly suited to cementing deep diamond drill holes. The plugs can be used to isolate the cement slurry from the drilling fluid reducing or eliminating dilution and contamination. The plugs can also be used to set a casing pack in the casing annulus to aid in recovery of the casing. PACKAGING DISPLACEMENT PLUGS are available in NQ, HQ, PQ sizes.
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TESTING EQUIPMENT
MUD BALANCE One of the most important properties monitored throughout the drilling operation is the mud weight. The mud balance consists of a beam with a mud cup at one end and a fixed counterweight at the other end, with a sliding weight rider moving along a graduated scale. A level bubble is mounted on the beam to ensure accurate balancing. MARSH FUNNEL AND CUP Viscosity and gel strengths are measurements that relate to the flow properties of fluids. The funnel viscosity test gives an indication of changes in flow properties, but to be effective, measurements must be taken and recorded regularly. pH PAPERS Field measurements of drilling fluid pH are fundamental to drilling fluid control. Clay interaction, solubility of components and contaminants, and overall effectiveness of additives are all dependent upon pH. Solutions with a pH value less than 7 are considered acidic and those with pH values greater that 7 are considered alkaline while pH 7 is neutral. In the field pH papers are typically used to measure the pH of a drilling fluid. SAND CONTENT KIT One of the primary functions of a drilling fluid is to carry drilled solids from the hole. These solids are a contaminant and if left in the system can lead to numerous problems. The Sand Content Kit determines the volume percent of sand sized particles in the drilling fluid. The kit consists of a glass tube graduated to read percent by volume, a funnel and a 200 mesh sieve contained on a cylindrical shaped holder.
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CONVERSION TABLE
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ITEM DEPTH WEIGHT ON BIT MUD FLOW RATE PRESSURE MUD WEIGHT
NEW UNIT METRES (m) TONNE (t) LITRES/MINUTE KILOPASCALS (kPa) SPECIFIC GRAVITY (unitless) Multiply Multiply Multiply Multiply Multiply Feet Metres Thousands of Pounds Tonnes Gallons/Minute (US) Litres/Minute Pounds/Inch Squared Kilopascals Pounds/Gallon (US) Specific Gravity by by by by by
CONVERSION 0.3048 3.28 0.4536 2.2 3.785 0.264 6.895 0.145 0.12 8.33 To give To give To give To give To give Metres Feet Tonne Thousands of Pounds Litres/Minute Gals (US) /Minute Kilopascals Pounds/Inch Squared Specific Gravity Pounds/Gallon
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CAKE THICKNESS BENTONITE CONTENT RATE OF PENETRAION MUD VOLUMES PRESSURE GRADIENT CASING WEIGHT / UNIT LENGTH
MILLIMETRES (mm) KILOGRAMS/CUBIC METRE (kg/m3) METRES/HOUR (m/ hr) CUBIC METRES (m3) KILOPASCALS/ METRE (kPa/m) KILOGRAMS/METRE (kg/m)
Multiply
by
To give
by
To give
Pounds/Barrel Metres/Hour Feet/Hour Cubic Metres Barrels Kilopascals/Metre Pounds/Inch Sq. Foot Kilograms/Metre Pounds/Foot
by by by by
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115
44.00 42.00 40.00 38.00 36.00 34.00 32.00 30.00 28.00 26.00 24.00 22.00 20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00
1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.66
Specific Gravity
1SG = 8.33lb/gal
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OD (mm)
44.5 55.6 69.9 88.9 117.5*
ID (mm)
34.9 46.0 60.3 77.8 103.2
Weight (kg/3m)
14.0 18.0 23.4 34.4 47.2**
Content (L/100 m)
95.8 166.3 285.8 474.4 836.6
ID (in.)
13/8 2 3/16 23/8 31/16 41/16
AQ BQ NQ HQ PQ
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118
500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400
Notes on next page.
1893 2271 2650 3028 3407 3785 4164 4542 4921 5299
13.0 15.7 18.3 20.9 23.5 26.1 28.7 31.3 33.9 36.5
28.7 34.5 40.2 46.0 51.7 57.5 63.2 69.0 74.7 80.5
235 282
71.7 86.1
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PUMP OUTPUT
The heart of any mud circulating system is the mud pump, which is the primary factor in the effectiveness of hole cleaning. Common pumps in the industry are TRIPLEX, DUPLEX and CENTRIFUGAL. Of these, the duplex is generally the easiest to regulate, as the pump rods are visible. By counting the number of strokes per minute the pump output can be accurately determined. For both the triplex and duplex pumps, one stroke is designed as 1 up and 1 back for each pump rod. By varying the speed of the pump, the number of strokes can be increased or decreased which regulates the pump output. In the case of smaller triplex pumps, such as Bean pumps so common in diamond drilling operations, the pump rods are enclosed and therefore not visible, so that pump strokes cannot be counted. The best method of determining output of these pumps is to physically measure the output of the pump at a specific RPM in a specific gear in the gearbox. This should be done on a regular basis to compensate for wear factors in the pump. Pump output rates from these popular Bean and FMC triplex pumps are quoted in US Gallons per minute, so it will be necessary to convert these to litres per minute as required. This is simply done by multiplying the US gallons p/m by 3.785 to arrive at litres p/m.
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VOLUME CALCULATIONS
Square Tanks Length (m) x Width (m) x Height x 1,000 = litres Round Tanks 0.7854 x Diameter (m) x Depth x 1,000 = litres Square Tanks with Sloping Sides Width (m) x Height (m) x (Length (m) + Length (m) x 1,000 = litres 2 Round Tank with Sloping Sides Diameter of Top (m) + Diameter of Bottom (m) 2 0.7854 x Diameter (m) x Depth x 1,000 = litres Hole Volumes Hole Diameter (mm) - Pipe OD (mm) = litres per metre 1270 Annular Volume Hole Diameter (mm) - Pipe OD (mm) = litres per metre 1270 Annular Velocities 1270 x Pump Output (litres per metre) Hole ID (mm) - Pipe OD (mm) Recommend 25 to 35 metres per minute
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AUSTRALIAN MUD COMPANY 5 Pitino Court Osborne Park Western Australia 6017 Australia Tel: (+61 8) 9445 4000 Fax:(+61 8) 9445 4040 Email: amc@imdexlimited.com
www.ausmud.com