Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

Physics 101
6 Oct 2011

Lecture 3 Circular Motion

Breaking Strings

A ball on a string is swung in a vertical circle. The string happens to break when it is parallel to the ground and the ball is moving up. Which trajectory does the ball follow?!

1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d

Week #3 Lecture Notes

Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

Kinematics with constant angular acceleration

Remember this?

v = v 0 2+ at "22 = " 0 + 2#$ 2

! ! !

1 " = # 0 t + 1 $ .t 2 x = v 0 + 2 at 2 " = " 0 +2 .t #

Rotational kinematics are analogous to onedimensional linear kinematics! x --> !

!

! ! !
!

v = v 0 + 2ax 1 " = 1(# 0 + # ) t x = 2 (v 0 + v ) t 2

v --> " a --> #

s = R! (arclength) v = R" (linear speed, tangential) a = R# (tangential acceleration)

Kinematics with constant angular acceleration

Merry-go-round: radius R=2.0 m Boy running around outside of merry-go-round: v=0.50 m/s At t=0, favorite pony is 1/4 turn ahead of him. At t=0, merry-go-round begins to move:

# =0.010 rad/s2 !

When does he catch the pony?!

What is his angular speed?! What is his !b(t)?! !b = "! t b

v=R"b: "b=v/R= (0.50 m/s)/(2.0m) "b=0.250 rad/s

What is the ponys !p(t)?!

!p = 1/2#t2 R

Boy catches pony when !b=!p+(2$)/4.! !b = "bt = 1/2#t2 +$/2 Solve quadratic equation for t: t = 7.4s, 43 s!

!b !p

Week #3 Lecture Notes

Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

Circular Motion
Even if the speed around a circle is constant, the velocity vector is NOT constant. Therefore there is an acceleration, ac=v2/r. Newtons 2nd law:

v2 ! F =ma = m r
where the sum is over all forces in the radial direction

Rotational Motion
Consider the simpler ride (as in the demo) in which the axis of rotation remains vertical.

If the coefficient of static friction is s, and the radius is R, how large must " be before the floor can drop out? fs N mg Require fs=mg. Since fs,max=sN, require N=mg/s.
n de en rs! ep e ind rid r is he we of t s An sses ma ft to he

Newtons 2nd law: N=mac=mv2/R=m"2R=mg/s, so that:%

"=

g Rs

Week #3 Lecture Notes

Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

DEMO: Buckets
Ball in a cup mg N

Ball falls out when swing slowly so that N --> 0.

DEMO: Pendulum
g R ! T T T mg ac=v2/R T-mg=mv2/R T=mg+mv2/R mg cos ! T-mg cos ! =mv2/R T=mg cos ! +mv2/R

mg acc=v2/R mg sin ! a =v2/R

v is not constant; fastest at bottom

Week #3 Lecture Notes

Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

Frames of Reference
!

Galilean velocity transformation between inertial frames: Let us choose a particularly simple case where v1 = 0. Figure out the signs by imagining this case!

v2 = velocity of an object as measured in the lab v1= velocity of an object as measured in the moving frame Vframe = velocity of the frame as measured in the lab

Aside from negligible air resistance, there is no acceleration in the x direction in free fall. The ball goes straight up and straight down: I can catch it!

Inertial frames are those which are not undergoing acceleration.

Newtons Chair: Noninertial Frames

!

The launcher on the cart (moving forward at constant speed) launches the ball straight up. Where will it land if the cart accelerates?

A" At the position of the launcher! B" In front of the launcher! C" Behind the launcher

Week #3 Lecture Notes

Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

Apparent Weight
Definition: apparent weight is the magnitude of the contact force(s) that supports an object.

A car is rolling over the top of a hill at speed v. At this instant, 1. n > w. 2. n = w. 3. n < w. 4. We cant tell about n without knowing v.

Heavy Balloons

! a

1) No acceleration Balloon hangs vertical

2) Forward

acceleration Balloon leans backward so that Tx=ma.

Week #3 Lecture Notes

Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

Helium Balloons

! a

1) No acceleration Balloon is Vertical

2) Forward acceleration Balloon leans Forward

Helium Balloons

! a

1) No acceleration Balloon is Vertical

2) Forward acceleration Balloon leans Forward

Week #3 Lecture Notes

Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

Solid Body Rotation

Thanks to Florence Hsiao (& Bill Watterson)

Apparent Weight at the Equator vs the Pole

Consider person standing at the equator. What is his linear speed?
The Earth rotates with T= 1 day = 24*3600 s. Thus " = 2$ f = 2$/T = 2$/(86400 s) = 7.3 x 10-5 rad/s. Finally, v = RE " =(6.4 x106 m)(7.3 x10-5rad/s) = 470 m/s ~ 1000 mph!

What is the linear speed of a person standing at the South Pole?

v = R" = 0*" = 0 (R measured from person to axis of rotation!)

What is the apparent weight of person at the equator?

2 N ac=v2/RE mg-N = mac: N=mg(1-v /(gRE)) v2/(gRE) = 0.003

mg

You weigh 0.3% less at the equator!

Week #3 Lecture Notes

Phy 101 Lecture (Staggs)

10/6/2011

Conical Pendulum
Given R and !, what is v of ball?% L Tcos ! T Tsin ! mg ac=v2/R

!
R

y: Tcos ! =mg --> T = mg/cos !% x: Tsin ! =mv2/R = (mg/cos !)sin ! =mg tan ! -->

v = Rgtan "

END
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Week #3 Lecture Notes 9