Andy Garcia Velazquez IB Chemistry SL January 12, 2012

Charles Law:

Jacques Charles created a law that explained the way gas worked. This law will play a major role in the experiment because the way it is meant to play out works around this law. Charles Gas Law stated: As temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the volume increases if the pressure is constant. The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant. The Formula:

V - Volume (Liters) T - Temperature (Kelvin) P - Pressure (Pascals) M - Moles (Number of Moles) Hypothesis: If the balloon is tested using Charles Gas Law, then the temperature will affect the second volume and show an increase when the temperature increases because Charles Law says that volume will increase so long as the temperature is increasing.

Materials: 2 Westcott metal end yardsticks Elmers Disappearing Purple Glue Sticks [ Net Wt. 0.21 Oz.(6g) ] 2 rolls of Highland Brand Transparent Tape Temperature gun PITSCOs Hot-Air Balloon Launcher [item #13268] 1 wire hanger 1 pen/pencil A sheet of paper [to record data on] Scissors 30 sheets of 20 x 30 tissue paper A sheet of 80 x 20 butcher paper A coat hanger (or something that is high enough to hold the balloon by its opening) Measuring tape

y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Variables: Independent: The temperature of the balloon Dependent: Volume of the balloon Controlled Variables: Each gore size of the balloon Time it took to read the temperature of the balloon

Same type of tissue paper brand The balloon (for cold and hot temperature variables) The amount of time it takes for the balloon to fill with air

Methods: I. Creating the Gore Template

1. Obtain and lay out the butcher paper on a flat and stable surface like a floor or large table 2. Draw a straight line through the center of the paper, vertically, using a yard stick. 3. Referring to the diagram below, draw a horizontal line 20 inches from the top of the paper, this is section one. 4. For the second section, draw another horizontal line that is measured 12 inches, the same way as the first one. 5. For the third section, draw a horizontal line that is measured by 40 inches the same way. 6. Draw 2 vertical lines in Section 2 that measure 14 inches apart and are 7 inches away from the center line on each side. 7. At the bottom of section 3, draw a 6 inch long vertical line; ensure that the lines are 3 inches away from the center line. 8. Connect the patterns from the other 2 sections to section 2 using the yardstick

9. Once the template of the gore is completed, use the scissors to cut the template out. 10. II. Creating the Gores

1. With the Elmers glue and 30 sheets of 20 x 30 tissue paper, glue the papers by their 20 short sides. They should over lap by of an inch. 2. Create another 9 of these 88 x 30 glued sheet gores using the same process above. 3. Using the gore template, place it on top of a gore sheet and trace over it lightly. Do this until every gore is marked. Do this for all 10 gore sheets. 4. Cut out each gore individually until you have all 10

III. Creating the Balloon

1. Begin gluing the gores together by their corresponding sides. Each gore should be overlapping by at least by of an inch at the bottom. 2. Once all gores are glued together, take the wire hanger after undoing it and bend it into a circle. 3. Take the circle and place it at the bottom of the balloon. It should be at least 2 inches inside of the balloon. 4. Wrap the 2 inches of the balloons paper around the balloon until no metal is showing and secure it with the transparent tape. 5. Next, take a coat hanger and hang the balloon by the wire opening carefully. Make sure not to tug on the balloon when working on the top. 6. Glue the gore tips together and make sure they overlap; the paper will scrunch up in order to close up but make sure it is glued properly. 7. There should be an opening at the top of the gore with points still not glued/overlapping. Take the tip of this and roll it up into a sort of ball without tearing it. 8. Take the transparent tape and start taping up the ball of loose gore paper at the top. 9. Once this is done, the balloon should be intact, go over and view the balloon carefully to ensure there are no holes or unglued gores. Make sure that every part of the balloon is properly sealed up. Using the coat hanger to hold it up will help.

IV. Testing the Balloon

1. The testing environment should be a wide, open, flat area. 2. Ensure that the PITSCOs Hot-Air Balloon Launcher is on and heated up. 3. Take the temperature of the balloon before beginning to fill the balloon with air. 4. Once the data is recorded, place the balloon over the Launcher and let it fill up with air. 5. Before releasing the balloon, measure the temperature when it is full of air and the circumference of the balloon. 6. Before releasing the balloon, prepare the temperature gun and take the balloons temperature before liftoff. 7. Record the temperature and volume on a sheet of paper and repeat the process of the balloon launching until 3 trials are obtained. If possible, aim for 5 trials.

Raw Balloon Data Initial Temp. (T1) Initial Volume (V1) 0.452 m3 0.452 m3 0.452 m3 0.452 m3 0.452 m3 0.452 m3 End Temperature (T2) 316.60 Kelvin 315.80 Kelvin 321.10 Kelvin 321.60 Kelvin 329.80 Kelvin 320.98 Kelvin End Volume (V2) 0.509 m3 0.504 m3 0.513 m3 0.515 m3 0.527 m3 0.514 m3

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Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3 Trial #4 Trial #5 Average

281.10 Kelvin 283.20 Kelvin 282.50 Kelvin 282.20 Kelvin 282.60 Kelvin 282.32 Kelvin

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Conclusion: The design of the balloon assisted in proving the hypothesis correct. The way it was designed worked with the law and held the temperature inside enough to be able to take off. The gas volume was increased as predicted due to the heat and differed from the initial volume. Ways to improve werent location could have resulted in safer fall locations instead of the chance of having a balloon landing on a roof, a wet area, or even anything that may have caused damage to the balloon. The time to test the experiment would have also been a good idea to time. Instead of picking the closest time to test the experiment (even though it was convenient for everyone at the time) I felt as if it could have been timed better. Basically pick a different weather condition to test in rather than a rainy weather. Timing the balloons inflated and deflated temperature should have been timed differently as well. There should have been a controlled variable of something like Time waited for the balloon to cool of/heat up because it would have affected the initial data.

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