Implementation of Zigbee based Power Management System

Prashant Aher, Auna Adhav, Falguni Adbe, Dhanashri Gawali and Y.V.Chavan
Electronics and Telecommunication Department, M.A.E. Alandi(D), Pune, India
prashantaher07@gmail.com, aru.adhav@gmail.com, adbe89fal@gmail.com, dhanashree.gawali@gmail.com, chavan.yashwant@gmail.com Abstract The power management scenario in India,

today, is not efficient. To conserve energy, government apply power cuts, once the maximum level of power consumption is crossed. This results in lot of inconvenience as even the essentials are cut off. Another way to save power is to train the staff to use power efficiently. This is again a method that is neither foolproof nor easy to monitor. This paper describes a proposed system which helps use the available energy efficiently. A Controller system has been developed that manages efficient utilization of power over an electrical network and helps conserve energy by making authorities keep a check on energy usage. To demonstrate this wireless sensor network have been developed which consists of number of nodes. ZigBee protocol has been used for the wireless communications. The main advantage of using ZigBee protocol is low power requirement which result in longer battery life. As a proof of concept ARM based prototype of proposed system is designed and developed for small application.

Keywords Power Management, Energy Management, Zigbee, Wireless sensor network

Some industries like the Indian cement industry have their own power plants to meet their energy requirements. This paper describes a proposed system which helps use the available energy efficiently. With this system available power may be used in such a way that only low power devices like Tubes, Fans etc. which are primary needs should be allowed and high power devices like heater, pump-set, A.C. etc should not be allowed for particular time period [2]. To achieve this, system should be able differentiate between high power and low power devices at every node and allow only low power devices to be ON [5]. A Controller system has been developed that manages efficient utilization of power over an electrical network and helps conserve energy by making authorities keep a check on energy usage. To demonstrate this wireless sensor network have been developed which consists of number of nodes. These nodes communicate with each other in full duplex mode. The communication consists of data transfer, controlling node operations. ZigBee protocol has been used for the wireless communications. The main advantage of using ZigBee protocol is that the nodes require very less amount of power to provide longer battery life. As a proof of concept a prototype of proposed system is designed and developed for small application. II. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK Wireless Sensor Network is a task-based platform composed of a large amount of sensor nodes. Its three essential elements are the sensor, the percept and the observer. The sensor senses the percept and sends the result to the observer. In terms of function realization, wireless sensor network is made up of embedded equipment, sensors and network. Sensor Networks operate in different topologies namely star, mesh, bus, etc. Proposed system intends the mesh topology. In mesh networks, numbers of senor nodes are connected to each other wirelessly. These nodes constitute of the sensor and a communication module. They sense data and communicate it to the target node through the other nodes that fall in the path of the sender node and the receiver node. In case of failure of any node, the network is capable of re-routing the route of signal transfer to the target node. A mesh network employs some level of more complete interconnection among nodes. This means that paths are not defined by a specific architectural pattern, but rather by the connections themselves.

I. INTRODUCTION Generating power from within Power loss in its distribution and transmission still touches a whopping figure of 29% in India! Being a developing country with limited financial resources, India cannot afford this kind of loss (International statistics) and the situation is further compounded by power thefts and poor state of infrastructure. Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption. Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers of energy choose to conserve energy to reduce energy costs and promote economic security. Industrial and commercial users can increase energy use efficiency to maximize profit. The power management scenario in India, today, is not as efficient as it can be. To conserve energy, government apply power cuts, once the maximum level of power consumption is crossed. This results in lot of inconvenience as even the essentials are cut off. Another way to save power is to train the staff to use power efficiently. This is again a method that is neither foolproof nor easy to monitor.

Figure 1 - Mesh Network In the full mesh topology, each node (workstation or other device) is connected directly to each of the others. In the partial mesh topology, some nodes are connected to all the others, but some of the nodes are connected only to those other nodes with which they exchange the most data. On the positive side, wireless makes it possible to have more connections since it is not practical or cost effective to create a full mesh with wires. However, on the negative side, wires are predictable, reliable and well understood. Wireless forces the sharing of an already noisy, uncontrollable medium called open space. Hence, while wireless gives us more flexibility, the uncertainty of wireless drives the need for more connection paths and more complexity. III. DESIGN OF PROPOSED SENSOR NETWORK This section presents various design aspects of proposed sensor network for power management. A. The Sensor Network Structure For proposed system the area over which the electrical network resides and needs to be managed is divided into number of parts. Each part is treated as a node.

Each node consists of an end device connected to respective electrical network part. Thus interconnection of these nodes forms a wireless mesh network. There is a central node which is called as controller, which monitors and controls the activities of all nodes. In proposed system the chief node i.e. the controller block shall calculate the threshold values for the different blocks based on inputs received from central authority. To enable the central authority to send the information required from any location a GSM link is provided. Controller sends the thresholds to the respective nodes. The data sent by the controller reaches the target unit through the zigbee modules. Each node is connected to the other wirelessly and in case of failure of one node the other nodes finds a new route for data transmission through the other nodes present in the network. B. End device or sensor node structure

Figure 2.2 - End device or sensor node block diagram The figure 2.2 shows the block diagram of the end device or the nodes. Microcontroller on sensor node receives the threshold value from controller wirelessly through Zigbee module. Thus it has the threshold value as well as the priority of devices stored in it. Whenever any device is switched on through the device driver, the power factor measuring IC measures the power factor of the same and sends the value to the microcontroller. The microcontroller compares the value to the threshold stored and checks it with the priority list to decide whether it shall be allowed to switch on or not. The ZigBee module here is for the communication of nodes among themselves and with the controller. LCD display is used to show the status of various devices connected. C. Controller or central node Structure The Controller node not only calculates the threshold for all the units but also keeps a record of the daily usage of power in the different sections for future reference. The GSM module here helps the central node to receive the master threshold value from the company authority, a person, who can set the threshold from anywhere through his mobile phone. Now this microcontroller is programmed to calculate thresholds of various nodes in the network and send them over zigbee network.

Figure 2.1 - System block diagram

Since power measurement IC cannot endure with large current, it needs to be stepped down to low level current using current transformer. Similarly in order to achieve input voltage requirement of the IC is step down voltage transformer has been used.

Figure 2.3 Controller or central node block diagram Central node also decides which nodes to keep in wakeup mode or in sleep mode depending on the requirement. IV. IMPLEMENTATION A prototype of proposed system has been implemented for demonstration of a small application. Microcontroller is the basic and most important part of proposed system. Considering the computational requirement of the system ARM 7 microcontrollers are most suitable hence LPC2138 has been selected for prototype implementation [11]. The system needs 5V and 3.3 V power supply for its working. Considering the system specification ZigBee module JN 5139 was selected, however due to unavailability XBee Module manufactured by digicom has been used [9]. For power measurement ADE7756 IC has been used.

Figure 3.2- Active power calculation Figure 3.3 shows implementation of the controller part in which the step down transformer has been used to give 9V AC to power supply designed on the ARM board. The GSM module is interfaced with the controller to receive the message send by the controlling authority.

Figure 3.1- Design of ADE7756 The ADE7756 is a high-accuracy electrical power measurement IC with a serial interface and a pulse output. It has been used for active power calculations. Figure 3.1 shows IC pin diagram and its connections with other components of circuit.Active power calculation is explained below with the help of figure 3.2. Active power is the average power over an integral number of line cycles (n)-nT, Active/true power, P = (1/nT) p (t) dt = VI (Watt) Figure 3.3- Implementation of the controller The threshold to particular node is being send through XBee module, for that XBee is interfaced with the controller. LCD displays the power available power that is given to each node. In the End Device part again the step down transformer is used for the power supply. The threshold assign to node is received by XBee that is interfaced with ARM. The relay driving circuit is interfaced to switch ON/OFF the device. ADE7756 interfaced with controller is used to measure the

required power. LCD displays the threshold given, power required and the devices that are OFF at that instant. Figure 3.4 shows the hardware implementation of end device (node).

reduces from 110m to 80m. It is because antenna is radiating part and any change of the surrounding subjects and sizes affect the performance including gain distribution of radiation, the impedance and harmony of antenna and so on. However in power management part we got good result and able to manage the available power depending on strategy decided. VI. FUTURE SCOPE The basic hardware demonstrated consists of controller and only one node. It can be extended further to include number of nodes which will form a mesh network. Routing protocols may be implemented for further optimization. By and large, the applications where wireless sensor networks are being used are Area monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, Greenhouse Monitoring [3], Landslide detection, Industrial Monitoring, Water/Wastewater Monitoring, Landfill Ground Well Level Monitoring and Pump Counter, Water Tower Level Monitoring, Agriculture, Fleet monitoring, etc. It can be modified to carry out functions in any of the above mentioned fields. Proposed system can be further automized by adding a number of person detection sensors that can sense the presence of persons in a particular place and turn on and off the lights, fans, etc. to save power. Also, it can further include a feature of specifying the time for which a particular motor or machine has to be switched on or off. In nutshell, proposed system may be improved to include the following elements : Redundant transmission and distribution supply. Self sustaining infrastructure. Intelligent distribution systems and system controllers. Demand response capability (temperature setbacks, lightening, major loads). Sustainable energy systems and green buildings/complexes. VII. CONCLUSIONS Sensor networks are the key to gathering the information needed by smart environments, whether in buildings, utilities, industrial, home, shipboard, transportation systems automation, or elsewhere. Recent terrorist and guerrilla warfare countermeasures require distributed networks of sensors that can be deployed using, e.g. aircraft, and have selforganizing capabilities. In such applications, running wires or cabling is usually impractical. A sensor network is required that is fast and easy to install and maintain. Proposed system is a one of its kind model. A ZigBee based Power Management system has been developed for an educational institute. The system can be applied to industry, hospitals, residencies, stadiums & theatres for energy management. Thus the successful implementation of ZigBee based Power Management system provides a solution for convenient deployment and thus saving energy, as well as cost. A special advantage of proposed system is that it can be modified to be used for three phase systems as well.

Figure 3.4- Implementation of End device (Node) V. SYSTEM TESTING AND RESULTS Different sensor nodes are used to setup a wireless sensor network to measure the power required by that section (node). For demonstration we have used only one node to test the communication between controller and node and then the power management part at the node. Power required is compared with the threshold given to that node to automatically manage the available power among different devices depending on strategy (high, low power/ priority). For demonstration 3 loads D1, D2, D3 have been connected to a node. All the loads (devices) are of different power requirements. D1=100W, D2= 60W and D3=40W. Assume, Wth= Threshold given to node Preq= power required at node. For the various cases following result was obtained.

Table 1- Nodes power management performance Demonstration was done in order to certify the nodes communication ability, power regulation and management. It is found in experiment that when there are obstacles, moving body or other signal in the path, the communication range

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