Simple Present

usado para: expressar aes habituais, frequentemente (ou no) repetidas Exemplos: One of my sister's chores is to feed the cat. She feeds the cat every day. Do you ever do your shopping here? My father hardly ever goes to a soccer stadium. I don't often travel by bus. How about you? If you pay, the story rolls. If you don't, the story folds. (Stephen King, best-selling author) Do politicians mean what they say? Frequency words: ever = always, never, often = frequently, seldom = rarely, hardly ever = almost never, sometimes, every day (month, year) expressar presente histrico, muito usado em textos de jornal / revista Exemplos da TIME Magazine - 7 de agosto, 2000: The Concorde, an aviation icon, crashes as the pilots wage a desperate struggle The White House plays a risky game at Camp David -. and loses. Yet peace hopes to stay alive. expressar aes futuras previstas em horrio estabelecido Exemplo: A: What time does your bus leave? B: It leaves at 9. There.s time for a cup of coffee. expressar verdades universais. Exemplos: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Bees make honey. Chickens lay eggs. Ice melts if left in the sun. deve ser usado tambm em .clauses. com if, when, as soon as, before, after (a forma ser presente, mas o sentido ser futuro.)

Exemplos: I'll give the director your message as soon as he arrives. I know Justin can do it. If he tries hard, he will succeed.

Present Progressive (Continuous)

usado para expressar uma ao momentnea. Para form-lo, use o presente do verbo to be + -ing do verbo principal. Exemplos: A: What are you doing here? Aren't you supposed to be at home now? B: I am working on the financial report for tomorrow.s meeting. Look! The flowers are dying. Don't disturb your brother. He's studying for the History test. If your little sister is sleeping, don't wake her up. Tambm pode ser usado para expressar a ideia de que alguma coisa est sempre acontecendo. Exemplo: I avoid talking to my neighbor. She is always complaining about life.

Tambm pode ser usado para expressar aes futuras, devidamente planejadas. Exemplo: A: When are you leaving for Seoul, South Korea? B: I'm leaving tonight.

Present Perfect Tense

Para form-lo, use a forma presente de .have. como auxiliar (has, have) + o particpio passado do verbo principal (has written, have done, hasn.t eaten, haven.t checked) Basicamente, este importante tempo verbal na lngua inglesa descreve um fato passado com conexo com o presente. geralmente associado aos seguintes advrbios: already, yet, just, ever, never, lately = recently, so far = up to now, many times, e s preposies since (marca o incio da ao) e for (indica a durao da ao). Exemplos: I have already finished doing my Chemistry homework. I can now surf on the net. Have you had dinner yet? The (telephone) operator has not arrived yet. There.s no one to answer the phone. I've never traveled by ship. It must be exciting! A: Have you ever had an arm broken? B: No, never. Thank God! Have you seen the mayor lately? I have not heard from my friends who are studying abroad recently. Up to now I have replied three e-mail messages only. Believe it or not, a friend of mine has seen "Ghost" five times. I arrived at school at 7. It's 9 o'clock now. I have been here for two hours. I have been here since 7 o'clock. Quando se quer enfatizar a continuidade da ao, o Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous) usado. Para form-lo, voc deve usar have (has) been + ing form do verbo principal. Exemplos: A: Your English is very good. How long have you been studying? B: I've been studying English since I was 7 (years old). I need to stand up and stretch a bit. I've been sitting for two hours.

Simple Past
O simple past usado para indicar uma ao terminada, sem ligao com o presente, num tempo determinado. As mais frequentes expresses de tempo passado usadas so: yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday, two days ago, last night, last week, a week ago, in 1999, last summer, etc. Quando se estuda o passado dos verbos em ingls, necessrio lembrar que h dois grupos de verbos: os regulares e os irregulares. Para formar o passado e o particpio passado dos verbos regulares, preciso acrescentar .ed ao infinitivo. Exemplos: to finish - finished / to enrich - enriched / to like -. liked / to stop - stopped to copy - copied / to relieve - relieved / to ignore - ignored / to stay - stayed Os verbos irregulares tm formas prprias para o passado e particpio passado e h necessidade de prtica para seu domnio. importante lembrar tambm que essas formas, tanto do passado e particpio dos verbos regulares quanto irregulares nunca se alteram.

Alguns exemplos de verbos irregulares frequentemente usados: to begin - began - begun (comear) to break - broke -broken (quebrar) to buy - bought - bought (comprar) to catch - caught -caught (pegar, agarrar) to come - came - come (vir) to drink - drank - drunk (beber) to eat - ate - eaten (comer) to find - found - found (encontrar) to go - went - gone (ir) to know - knew - known (saber, conhecer) to lose - lost - lost (perder) to make - made - made (fazer) to see - saw - seen (ver) to sing - sang - sung (cantar) to sleep - slept - slept (dormir) to speak - spoke - spoken (falar) to spend - spent - spent (gastar) to understand - understood - understood (entender) to write - wrote - written (escrever) Exemplos: The singers sang beautifully last night. What a performance! I spoke to (with) Evelyn yesterday and gave her your message. I'm sure she'll get back to you as soon as possible. Did you see the lawyer last week? Shakespeare wrote "Hamlet".(active voice) "Hamlet" was written by Shakespeare. (passive voice) On Fathers' Day we had lunch out and ate grilled fish. Six people were killed and dozens injured after protests against President Alberto Fujimori of Peru turned violent. (TIME . August 7, 2000) I didn't understand what the teacher explained last class.

Past Progressive (Continuous)

Para form-lo, use was (I, he, she, it), were (you, we, they) + a forma de ing do verbo principal (was doing, were sleeping). O uso mais frequente do past continuous descrever um fato que estava acontecendo quando um outro fato ocorreu. Exemplos: The phone was ringing when I came into the office. I was having dinner out when I got the good news of my promotion. The workers were digging the ground when the explosion happened. Um outro uso frequente do past progressive descrever duas aes que, simultaneamente, estavam ocorrendo. Exemplo: While my mom was fixing breakfast, I was making the beds.

Past Perfect
Para form-lo, use had como verbo auxiliar + o particpio passado do verbo principal (had done, had gone, had been, etc...) O uso mais comum do past perfect descrever uma ao (passada) que ocorreu antes de outra ao, tambm passada. Exemplos:

When I arrived home, my parents had already had (eaten) dinner. After I had written the letter, I asked the supervisor to sign it.

Simple Future
Para form-lo, use will (will + not = won.t) + o verbo principal. Exemplos: I'll call Al as soon as possible. If you do that again, you'll be in trouble. "I'll be right back with you," said the salesperson. A: Alma won't come to the party. B: What a shame!

Future Progressive (Continuous)

Para form-lo, use will be + forma de ing do verbo principal (will be studying, will be working, etc...) Basicamente descreve uma ao que estar acontecendo num determinado ponto futuro. Exemplos: A: What will you be doing at 8 tonight? B: I'll be having dinner. I won't be at home tonight. I'll be rehearsing for the play.

Future Perfect
Para form-lo, use will have + particpio passado do verbo principal (will have done, will have finished, will have written, etc....) Expressa um fato que, hoje, ainda futuro, mas que estar terminado num tempo determinado. Exemplos: Today is Monday. By Friday, I will have finished reading this book. I am leaving school now. By the time I arrive home, my mother will have already cooked lunch. Leonardo will graduate in December. I will see him in January. By the time I see him, he will have graduated from college.

IRREGULAR VERBS
Ricardo Schtz Embora os verbos irregulares se constituam numa pequena minoria em relao a todos os verbos existentes na lngua, a freqncia com que ocorrem muito alta, o que lhes d uma importncia significativa. So todos de origem anglo-saxnica e se referem predominantemente a aes comuns. Os verbos irregulares do ingls so aqueles verbos que no seguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e do Particpio Passado. A formao do Past e do Past Participle, de acordo com a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais verbos, se d atravs do sufixo -ed. Portanto, todo verbo que no seguir este padro, ser classificado de irregular. interessante notar que a irregularidade dos verbos em ingls manifesta-se apenas nas formas do Past e do Past Participle, e no na conjugao dos mesmos, como em portugus. Os nicos verbos do ingls que tm tambm uma conjugao irregular so o verbo to be e os verbos auxiliares modais (can, may, might, shall, should, must, etc.).

 interessante notar tambm que, com relao a freqncia de ocorrncia, o Past mais importante para o aluno do que o Past Participle. Enquanto que o Past representa uma das estruturas gramaticais bsicas, o Past Participle ocorre apenas no Perfect Tense, na formao da Voz Passiva (veja aqui sobre o uso da Voz Passiva), e na forma adjetivada do verbo. Exemplos: Have you heard the news? - Perfect Tense Toyotas are made in Japan. - Passive Voice English is a widely spoken language. - Adjective Ns aqui classificamos as formas irregulares dos verbos como uma questo de vocabulrio, uma vez que as mesmas no interferem na estruturao das frases; e do ponto de vista do aprendizado, o aluno deve assimilar essas formas da mesma maneira que assimila vocabulrio.

Base Past Past Portuguese Form Tense Participle Translation

------arise awake be bear de beat become befall beget begin behold bend bet bid oferta bind obrigar-se bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build buy cast catch choose cling ------arose awoke was, were bore beat became befell begot began beheld bent bet bid bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built bought cast caught chose clung --------------arisen awoken been borne beaten become befallen begotten, begot begun beheld bent bet bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built bought cast caught chosen clung ------------------surgir, erguer-se despertar ser, estar suportar, ser portador bater tornar-se acontecer procriar, gerar comear contemplar curvar apostar oferecer, fazer uma unir, encadernar, morder sangrar, ter hemorragia assoprar, explodir quebrar procriar, reproduzir trazer irradiar, transmitir construir comprar atirar, deitar pegar, capturar escolher aderir, segurar-se

come came cost cost creep crept cut cut deal dealt dig dug do did draw drew drink drank drive drove eat ate fall fell feed fed feel felt fight fought find found flee fled fling flung fly flew forbid forbade forget forgot forgive forgave freeze froze get got give gave go went grind ground grow grew have had hear heard hide hid hit hit hold held hurt hurt keep kept know knew lay laid horizontal, assentar lead led leave left lend lent let let lie lay lose lost make made mean meant dizer meet met overcome overcame overtake overtook pay paid

come cost crept cut dealt dug done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flung flown forbidden forgot, forgotten forgiven frozen gotten, got given gone ground grown had heard hidden, hid hit held hurt kept known laid led left lent let lain lost made meant met overcome overtaken paid

vir custar rastejar cortar negociar, tratar cavocar fazer ** tracionar, desenhar ** beber dirigir, ir de carro comer cair alimentar sentir, sentir-se lutar achar, encontrar fugir, escapar arremessar voar, pilotar proibir esquecer perdoar congelar, paralisar obter ** dar ir moer crescer, cultivar ter, beber, comer ouvir esconder bater segurar machucar guardar, manter saber, conhecer colocar em posio liderar deixar, partir dar emprestado deixar, alugar deitar perder, extraviar fazer, fabricar ** significar, querer encontrar, conhecer superar alcanar, surpreender pagar

put put put quit quit quit read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run dirigir saw sawed sawn say said said see saw seen seek sought sought objetivar sell sold sold send sent sent set set set condio, marcar, ajustar ** shake shook shaken shed shed shed shine shone shone shoot shot shot show showed shown shrink shrank shrunk shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid sling slung slung speak spoke spoken spend spent spent spin spun spun spit spit, spat spit, spat spread spread spread spring sprang sprung stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung stink stank stunk strike struck struck atacar string strung strung strive strove striven swear swore sworn assegurar sweep swept swept swim swam swum swing swung swung

colocar abandonar ler andar tocar (campainha, etc.) subir, erguer-se correr, concorrer, serrar dizer ver procurar obter, vender mandar pr em determinada sacudir, tremer soltar, deixar cair ** brilhar, reluzir atirar, alvejar mostrar, exibir encolher, contrair fechar, cerrar cantar afundar, submergir sentar matar, assassinar dormir deslizar, escorregar atirar, arremessar falar gastar fiar, rodopiar cuspir espalhar fazer saltar parar de p, agentar roubar cravar, fincar, enfiar picar (inseto) cheirar mal golpear, desferir, encordoar, amarrar esforar-se, lutar jurar, prometer, varrer nadar balanar, alternar

take teach tear tell think throw tread undergo understand uphold defender wear win wind corda write

took taught tore told thought threw trod underwent understood upheld wore won wound wrote

taken taught torn told thought thrown trodden undergone understood upheld worn won wound written

tomar ** ensinar, dar aula rasgar, despedaar contar pensar atirar, arremessar pisar, trilhar submeter-se a, suportar entender sustentar, apoiar, vestir, usar, gastar vencer, ganhar enrolar, rodar, dar escrever, redigir

Present Tense I do do, I do Present Continuous Tense I am doing, I am doing tomorrow Present Perfect Tense I have done Present Perfect Continuous Tense I have been doing Past Tense I did do, I did Past Continuous Tense I was doing Past Perfect Tense I had done Past Perfect Continuous Tense I had been doing
Future Tense I will do Future Continuous Tense I will be doing Future Perfect Tense I will have done Future Perfect Continuous Tense I will have been doing

 Verbos que terminam em uma vogal longa ou ditongo seguidos por uma consoante ou consoante agregado, como paint, claim, devour, ou play. Adicionar "ed" ao infinitivo para criar o passado e particpio passado, adicione "ing" para criar o particpio presente, e acrescentar "s" para criar a 3 pessoa presente. Conjugao de "play": Infinitivo play Passado played Particpio presente playing Particpio passado played Presente: I play You play He, She, It plays We play You play They play Verbos que termina em uma consoante seguida por "E", como dance, save, devote, ou evolve. Adicionar "d" ao infinitivo para criar o passado e particpio passado, substituir a final "E", com "ing" para criar o particpio presente, e acrescentar "s" para criar a 3 pessoa presente. Conjugao de " devote": Infinitivo devote Passado devoted Particpio presente devoting Particpio passado devoted Presente: I devote You devote He, She, It devotes We devote You devote They devote Verbos que terminam em sibilants como kiss, bless, box, polish, ou preach. Adicionar "ed" ao infinitivo para criar o passado e particpio passado, adicione "ing" para criar o particpio presente, e acrescentar "es" para criar a 3 pessoa presente. Conjugao de "polish": Infinitivo polish

Passado polished Particpio Presente polishing Particpio Passado polished Presente: I polish You polish He, She, It polishes We polish You polish They polish Verbos que terminam em uma vogal curta seguidas por uma consoante, como chat, chop, ou compel. Dobrar a consoante final e acrescentar "ed" ao infinitivo para criar o passado e particpio passado, dobrar a ltima consoante e acrescentar "ing" para criar o particpio presente, e acrescentar "s" para criar a 3 pessoa presente. Conjugao de "chop": Infinitivo chop Passado chopped Particpio Presente chopping Particpio Passado chopped Presente: I chop You chop He, She, It chops We chop You chop They chop Verbos que termina em uma consoante seguida por "y", como comply, copy, ou magnify. Substitua a final "y" do infinitivo com "ied" para criar o passado e particpio passado, adicione "ing" para criar o particpio presente, e substituir a final "y", com "ies" para criar a 3 pessoa presente. Conjugao de "copy": Infinitivo copy Passado copied Particpio Presente copying Particpio Passado copied Presente:

I copy You copy He, She, It copies We copy You copy They copy

Newsletter
Receba novidades e dicas de ingls em seu e-mail. Parte superior do formulrio

seu email

1101536571626

oi

GO

Parte inferior do formulrio Veja newsletters passados. AQUI

Informaes
Parte superior do formulrio

seu email
Mensagem:

ok

Parte inferior do formulrio

PARA PENSAR
Pelo menos metade das palavras do Ingls so derivadas de raizes Latinos e Gregos. Conhecer estas razes ajuda acertar os significados das palavras antes de consultar o dicionrio. Tambm ajuda a ver como palavras frequentemente so agrupadas em familias com caractersticas similares. Dr. Abrahamson (veja mais dicas)

Palavra do Dia
scar s-kar *1 : cicatriz "My heart has a big scar that won't heal."

Expressions & Slang Expresses & Grias

to"shake a leg" -apressar se "It's time to go. You have to shake a leg."

Verbos auxiliares, no contexto da lngua inglesa, so aqueles que em uma orao ajudam o outro verbo chamado principal e s vezes no possui sentido isoladamente. Os verbos auxiliares podem ser divididos em duas categorias, de acordo com a funo que assumem na orao

a) verbos auxiliares que no mudam o sentido do verbo principal: 1 To be -auxilia na formao da voz passiva (passive voice) e dos progressive tenses (locues verbais) Exemplos: The lamp was invented by Thomas Edison (A lmpada foi inventada por Thomas Edison) I am studying (Estou estudando) 2 To do - auxilia na forma interrogativa e negativa do presente simples (simple present) e pretritos perfeito e imperfeito (simple past) Exemplos: Do you live here? (Voc vive aqui?) Does he play the guitar? (Ele toca guitarra?) He didnt go to the match yesterday (Ele no foi partida ontem) 3 To have - auxiliar na formao dos tempos compostos (perfect tenses) Exemplos: I have studied a lot lately (present perfect) (Eu tenho estudado muito ultimamente) He had already did that (past perfect) (Ele j havia feito isso) Importante salientar que esses trs verbos podem funcionar como verbo principal:

Exemplos: I am late (Eu estou atrasado) He has a fast car (Ele tem um carro veloz) We did the homework (Ns fizemos o dever de casa) Em perguntas voc pode mudar o tempo verbal de uma frase simplesmente mudando o verbo auxiliar, em vez de memorizar as conjugaes dos verbos. Por exemplo: Do you play soccer? = Voc joga futebol? Did you play soccer? = Voc jogou futebol? Will you play soccer? = Voc jogar futebol? Would you play soccer? = Voc jogaria futebol? Note que os verbos auxiliares no tem um significado prprio na frase:: Do you play = Voc joga soccer futebol?

por isso que um auxiliar funciona como uma tabuleta. O que voc entende quando v uma placa com um cigarro cortado, por uma linha diagonal vermelha? Que no pode fumar ali, certo? Pois a mesma coisa: quando lemos ou ouvimos um auxiliar, o nosso crebro j interpreta a mensagem como sendo Ateno essa frase est no presente! (ou no passado, ou no futuro, dependendo do auxiliar que foi usado). B) aqueles que mudam ou completam o sentido do verbo principal, sendo usados para indicar capacidade, habilidade, obrigao, permisso, ou possibilidade. So os denominados auxiliares modais:
1. Can 2. Could 3. May 4. Might 5. Must 6. Ought 7. Shall 8. Should 9. Will 10.Would

Exemplos: -You might need this (Voc talvez precise disso) sentido de possibilidade -You can use my car (Voc pode usar meu carro) sentido de permisso Os verbos modais so verbos auxiliares que exprimem determinados sentidos. Bibliografia: http://www.linguaestrangeira.pro.br/materiais/verbos_ingles.htm Pgina Lngua Estrangeira Verbos Auxiliares em Ingls http://www.pdfqueen.com/pdf/ta/tabela-de-verbos-auxiliares-de-ingles/ Pgina PDF Queen Tabela de Verbos Auxiliares de Ingls (para download) http://espacoenglish.blogspot.com/2009/11/verbos-auxiliares-em-ingles.html Blog Espao English Verbos Auxiliares em Ingls

Have fun!

Base Form TO ADD TO ANSWER TO ARRIVE TO ASK TO BORROW TO CALL FROM TO CANCEL TO CHANGE TO CLOSE TO COMPARE TO CONTINUE TO COOK TO CORRECT TO COUNT TO DANCE TO DECIDE TO DESCRIBE TO EARN TO EMPHASIZE TO ENJOY TO EXPLAIN TO FILL IN TO FINISH TO FIX TO FOLLOW TO HAPPEN TO HELP TO INCLUDE TO INVITE TO JOG TO LEARN TO LIFT TO LIKE TO LISTEN TO TO LIVE TO LOOK TO MARK TO MATCH TO MIND TO MISS TO NEED TO NUMBER TO OCCUR TO OFFER TO OPEN TO PAINT TO PARK TO PLAY TO PRACTICE TO RECEIVE TO RELATE TO REMEMBER TO RENT TO REPLACE TO REST TO SAVE TO SIGN TO SMOKE TO SNEEZE

Base Form s ADD ( S) ANSWER(S) ARRIVE (S) ASK(s) BORROW(S) CALL (S) CANCEL (S) CHANGE(S) CLOSE (S) COMPARE (S) CONTINUE (S) COOK (S) CORRECT (S) COUNT (S) DANCE (S) DECIDE (S) DESCRIBE (S) EARN (S) EMPHASIZE (S) ENJOY (S) EXPLAIN (S) FILL(S) IN FINISH (ES) FIX (ES) FOLLOW (S) HAPPEN (S) HELP (S) INCLUDE (S) INVITE (S) JOG (S) LEARN (S) LIFT (S) LIKE(S) LISTEN (S) TO LIVE (S) LOOK (S) MARK (S) MATCH (ES) MIND (S) MISS (ES) NEED (S) NUMBER (S) OCCUR (S) OFFER (S) OPEN (S) PAINT (S) PARK (S) PLAY (S) PRACTICE (S) RECEIVE (S) RELATE (S) REMEMBER (S) RENT (S) REPLACE (S) REST (S) SAVE (S) SIGN (S) SMOKE (S) SNEEZE (S)

Simple Past Tense ADDED ANSWERED ARRIVED ASKED BORROWED CALLED CANCELED CHANGED CLOSED COMPARED CONTINUED COOKED CORRECTED COUNTED DANCED DECIDED DESCRIBED ERANED EMPHASIZED ENJOYED EXPLAINED FILLED IN FINISHED FIXED FOLLOWED HAPPENED HELPED INCLUDED INVITED JOGGED LEARNED LIFTED LIKED LISTENED TO LIVED LOOKED MARKED MATCHED MINDED MISSED NEEDED NUMBERED OCCURED OFFERED OPENED PAINTED PARKED PLAYED PRACTICED RECEIVED RELATED REMEMBERED RENTED REPLACED RESTED SAVED SIGNED SMOKED SNEEZED

Past Participle ING Form ADDED ANSWERED ARRIVED ASKED BORROWED CALLED CANCELED CHANGED CLOSED COMPARED CONTINUED COOKED CORRECTED COUNTED DANCED DECIDED DESCRIBED EARNED EMPHASIZED ENJOYED EXPLAINED FILLED IN FINISHED FIXED FOLLOWED HAPPENED HELPED INCLUDED INVITED JOGGED LEARNED LIFTED LIKED LISTENED TO LIVED LOOKED MARKED MATCHED MINDED MISSED NEEDED NUMBERED OCCURED OFFERED OPENED PAINTED PARKED PLAYED PRACTICED RECEIVED RELATED REMEMBERED RENTED REPLACED RESTED SAVED SIGNED SMOKED SNEEZED ADDING ANSWERING ARRIVING ASKING BORROWING CALLING CANCELING CHANGING CLOSING COMPARING CONTINUING COOKING CORRECTING COUNTING DANCING DECIDING DESCRIBED EARNING EMPHASIZING ENJOYING EXPLAINING FILLING IN FINISHING FIXING FOLLOWING HAPPENING HELPING INCLUDING INVITING JOGGING LEARNING LIFTING LIKING LISTENING TO LIVING LOOKING MARKING MATCHING MINDING MISSING NEEDING NUMBERING OCCURING OFFERING OPENING PAINTING PARKING PLAYING PRACTICING RECEIVED RELATING REMEMBERING RENTING REPLACING RESTING SAVING SIGNING SMOKING SNEEZING