Residual Vector Methods

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Section 11 Residual Vector Methods

CONCEPT OF MODAL APPROACH.. 11 - 3 HOW DO I COMPENSATE FOR THE MISSING MODAL CONTENTS.. 11 - 5 RESIDUAL VECTOR 11 - 6 USER INTERFACE FOR RESIDUAL VECTOR.. 11 - 8 EXAMPLE...11 - 10 INPUT FILE FOR USING MODAL METHOD WITH RESIDUAL VECTOR 11 - 11 RESULTS COMPARISON11 - 12 GENERAL RECOMMENDATION11 - 14

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q Assume response can be represented as a linear combination of calculated modes { U } = [ ] { } q Number of possible modes = number of degrees of freedom with mass on them q Same results as direct if all modes are retained
Not practical Defeats purpose of modal approach

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q { U } = [ ] { } = [ ]r { }r + [ ]n { }n
where [ ]r = modes that are retained [ ]n = modes not retained

q [ ]r is usually a small subset of [ ] q Quality of modal solution depends on how well a linear combination of [ ]r can represent the actual solution due to the applied loads.
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q Two methods are available to compensate for the missing modal contents
Residual Vector (Recommended method) Mode Acceleration (See Appendix F)

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q Augment modes with static vectors obtained from static loading q The response of the neglected modes tends to be static if these frequencies are high as compared to the excitation frequency
As (/n) << 1, dynamic magnification 1 (see chapter 1) Excellent approximation of missing modes if the above condition is satisfied

q Improves modal solutions in all cases q Recommended to be included for all response analysis using the modal approach (not the default)
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q Supports superelement analysis q Two eigenvalue tables printed

Original eigenvalue table Second eigenvalue table with the additional eigenvalues appended at the endone for each additional residual vector.

q Re-orthogonalization is performed to ensure that linearly dependent vectors are removed

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q Three available options:

Static shape obtained from spatial distribution of load (e.g., DAREA, FORCE, PLOAD4, LOADSET/LSEQ etc.) Static shape obtained from inertia loads (PARAM, RESVINER, YES or PARAM, INRLM, -1 ) Define USET,U6,GID,C or USET1,U6,C,GID1,GID2,
Each degree of freedom defined on the USETi, U6 entry generates a static shape with a unit load applied in that direction

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q Activated with PARAM,RESVEC,YES q PARAM, RESVINER, YES or PARAM, INRLM, -1 augments additional static shapes due to inertia loads. q SUPORT entry required for free-free structure

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q Using the same plate model, apply a single-cycle sine load in the y-direction at grid point 11 at 250 hz. Monitor the response at grid point 11 using the following methods and compare the results.
1. Modal method, retaining 4 modes and using a modal damping of 3% 2. Repeat step 2 and include residual vector 3. Direct method with G=.06

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$ $ resvec2.dat $ SOL 112 CEND TITLE = TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH POINT LOAD IN THE Y-DIRECTION SUBTITLE = MODAL APPROACH - REQUESTING 4 MODES - plus RESIDUAL VECTOR ECHO = UNSORTED SPC = 1 SET 111 = 11, 33, 55 DISPLACEMENT(SORT2) = 111 SDAMPING = 100 SUBCASE 1 METHOD = 100 DLOAD = 500 TSTEP = 100 $ OUTPUT (XYPLOT) XGRID=YES YGRID=YES XTITLE= TIME (SEC) YTITLE= DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE AT LOADED CORNER XYPLOT DISP RESPONSE / 11 (T2) YTITLE= DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE AT TIP CENTER XYPLOT DISP RESPONSE / 33 (T2) YTITLE= DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE AT OPPOSITE CORNER XYPLOT DISP RESPONSE / 55 (T2) $

$ BEGIN BULK PARAM, COUPMASS, 1 PARAM, WTMASS, 0.00259 param,post,0 param,resvec,yes $ $ PLATE MODEL DESCRIBED IN NORMAL MODES EXAMPLE PROBLEM $ INCLUDE 'plate.bdf' $ $ EIGENVALUE EXTRACTION PARAMETERS $ EIGRL, 100, , ,4 $ $ SPECIFY MODAL DAMPING $ TABDMP1, 100, CRIT, +, 0., .03, 10., .03, ENDT $ $ APPLY POINT LOAD (250 HZ) $ TLOAD2, 500, 600,, 0, 0.0, 4.E-3, 250., -90. $ DAREA, 600, 11, 2, 1. $ TSTEP, 100, 100, 4.0E-4, 1 $ ENDDATA

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Direct Method

Modal Method with Residual Vector Modal Method without Residual Vector

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q The first 4 modes are out-of-plane bending and torsion type modes q Linear combination of these 4 modes will not be able to capture motion due to an in-plane type loading q Modal method with first 4 modes without residual vector gives unacceptable solution q Modal method with first 4 modes with residual vector compares favorably to direct solution. q Note that modal damping is used in the modal solution and structural damping is used in the direct solution which accounts for some of the slight differences in the results

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q Always include residual vector in a modal response analysis (param,resvec,yes) q Include the residual vector due to inertia load (param,resviner,yes) for non free-free structure q Use residual vector as an augmentation tool--not as a replacement tool, as used in the example problemto the modal contents

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