-- 17 ----J 2012

-- j---
1C
= L+
1 + 2

2. 20
12.5.

11 10
= 59.5 +
11 + 14
110
= 59.5 + = 59.5 + 4.4 = 63.9
25

--
3.

u Y
-- \ vo
1. -C -u N- d- - uEo
\.
\ 0-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99
-N-un- 5 15 22 6
2
\ fi uN- N- fi ui
(xi)

(ui)

-C -u N- d- uEo
\.
\ 0 -5 5 -10 10 -15 15-20 20-25
Nu-n 10 18 42 23
7
-A

05

*
-u

10

10

5 10

18

10 - 15

42 (f)

28(F)
70

u- -A

0 - 19

9.5

-2

-10

15 20

23

93

20 - 39

15

29.5

-1

-15

20 25

100

40 - 59

22

49.5(A)

60 - 79

69.5

80 - 99

89.5

= 221.7 - 145 = 76.7

[ ]
N

fi ui = -15, N = 50, C = 20
l
--u = A.M. = A +
fi ui) C
N (

u-

= l +

- F
2

50 - 28
22
= 10 + 5 = 10 + 5
42
42
110
=10 + = 10 + 2.62 = 12.62
42

15
= 49.5 - 20
50
= 43.5.

. K_--J-* h x1, x2, x3

(x1 < x2 < x3) . hE ,
u-- - 30, 20, x3 - x1
= 50 x1, x2, x3 N- ---x -----y-
\.
: x1 < x2 < x3 d u- x2 = 20
x1 + x2 + x3

-- \ vo

-C -u d- --Eo \.

\ 3039 4049
-N-un- 2 3

= 3 73.9 - 2 72.5

N = 100,

A = 49.5

2.

50 59 60 69 70 79 80 89 90 99

20

31

17

10

L = 59.5, f = 31, f1 = 20, f2 = 17, C = 10

1 = f - f1 = 31 - 20 = 11
2 = f -f2 = 31 - 17 = 14

--u

1.

NP-d- N-J-.
DEo N -Ey-*h.
4
DE N- C.
-- Eo h N--j -- C.
- -C.
- --a.

e.g.: Milk (Liquid fat is dispersed in water)

CHEMISTRY
SURFACE CHEMISTRY, THERMODYNAMICS
4 Marks Questions
Q. Write any 4 differences between Physical
adsorption & Chemical adsorption.
A.
Physical adsorption Chemical adsorption
Caused by Vanderwaal's forces.

Caused by chemical
forces.

Takes place at low

T& high P.

Takes place at high

T & any P.

Many layers
formed.

One layer is formed.

It is reversible.

are

12.5

h = 12.5 20 = 250
N 15 - 15 E
p h,
Lq L = (15 (15) = 30
j h = 250 + 30 = 280
280
j =
= 14
20
3. --u = 72.5, u- = 73.9
- \.
: -
= (3 u-) (2 u)

It is not reversible

Q. What are 'Homogeneous' and heterogeneous catalysis?

A. Homogeneous Catalysis: The catalysis in
which the catalyst and the reactants are in
same phase.
NO(g)
e.g.: 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 2 SO3
Heterogeneous Catalysis: The catalysis in
which the catalyst and the reactants are in
different phases.

= = 30
3

x1 + x2 + x3 = 90
x1+ 20 + x3 = 90
x1 + x3 = 90 - 20 = 70
x3 - x1 = 50

x3 + x1 = 70

2 x3 = 120

x3 = 60

loss of charge when an electrolyte is added.

b) Water in oil type emulsion: The emulsion

in which water acts as dispersed phase and
oil acts as dispersion medium.

c) The substance that increases the activity of

a catalyst. e.g.: Mo is promoter for Fe catalyst in Haber's process.

e.g.: Butter (Water is dispersed in liquid fat)

d) The catalysis in which intermediate product

formed in the reaction acts as autocatalyst

Q. Mention the dispersed phase (D.P.) and dispersion medium (D.M.) in the colloids
a) Cloud b) Blood c) Smoke and d) Gold sol
A. a) Water droplets are D.P. & Air is D.M. in
cloud.
b) Albuminoid substances are D.P. & Water is
D.M. in blood.
c) Carbon particles are D.P. & Air is D.M. in
smoke.
d) Gold particles are D.P. & Water is D.M. in

e.g.: 2 AsH3 2 As + 3 H2
Q. Define the following terms.
a) Heat capacity b) Heat of formation
c) Entropy and d) Gibbs energy
A. a) The amount of heat required to rise the
temperature of a substance by one degree
(1C).
b) The amount of heat absorbed or evolved
during the formation of 1 mole of a substance

What are 'Homogeneous'?

gold sol.

from the constituent elements.

x3 = 90 - 80 = 10.

- \ vo
1 11

17.5. 15
Ch, NTL- ?
: 11 = 17.5
11 h = 11 17.5 = 192.5
15- CLh, NT-L 10
h = 192.5 15 = 177.5
177.5
NT-L-- =
= 17.75.
10
2. 1.8, 4.0, 2 .7, 1.2, 4.5, 2.3, 3.7 u-
?.
: *a N-- v h, 1.2,
1.8, 2.3, 2 .7, 3.7, 4.0, 4.5 *a h-
- E
u = 7 d u- 4 P - C.
u- N = 2.7
x , x, x, x,
x u- 8 x N-
3.
5 3
4 2
-\.
: *a N-- v h,
.

x,
x , x,
x
x,
2 3 4 5

*a h--E u = 5
d u- 3 P -C.
x
u- =
=8
3
x = 3 8 = 24.

(-- -v----u--, -..-.--.-. --o-- ---, --L)

Applications:
Lattice energy or electron affinity can be calculated.
Heat of transformation can be calculated.

2 Marks Questions
Q. Calculate H-E for the following reactionat 527 C in K. Cals.
N2(g) + 3 H2(g)

2 NH3 (g)

A. H-E = n.T.R = -2 800 2 10

-3

= -3.2 K.Cal
Q. Calculate the heat of formation of HCl. If the
reaction is
H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl; H = - 184.6 KJ.
A. For 2 moles of HCl formation H= -184.6 KJ.
For 1 mole of HCl formation (Heat of formation) = -92.3 KJ.
Q. H of neutralization of HCl & NaOH is 57.3 K.J HCl & NH4OH is -51.46 KJ.
Calculate the ionization enthalpy of NH4OH.

&

c) It is a measure of disorderness or
randomness in a system. S = qrev/ T

A. HNH4OH = HHCl+NH4OH - HHCl + NaOH

A. LYOPHILIC Colloids: Most stable colloids which dispersed

phase has much affinity for dispersion medium e.g.: Starch
solution.

d) The difference between Enthalpy

(H) and the product of absolute temperature (T) and entropy (s) of the
system G = H - TS

Q. Calculate the heat of combustion of CH4. If

558.6 KJ heat is evolved when 10 grams of
CH4 is burnt in O2 completely.

Q. What are 'LYOPHILIC'

'LYOPHOBIC' colloids?

ANS Sankara rao

Q. State and explain "Hess's law of

constant heat summation".

Fe(s)
e.g.: N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3

LYOPHOBIC Colloids: Least stable colloids in

which dispersed phase has less affinity for dispersion medium e.g.: Gold sol.

Q. What are emulsions? How are they classified?

Q. What are a) Gold number b) Coagulation

c) Promoter d) autocatalysis

A. The liquid - liquid colloidal systems are

called emulsions.

A. a) The minimum amount of lyophilic colloid

(in mg) needed to prevent the coagulation of
10 ml of gold sol on the addition of 1 ml of
10% NaCl solution.

1 O2(g) CO2 (g); H = -283.0 KJ

CO(g) + __

b) The precipitation of colloidal particles due to

a) Oil in water type emulsion: The emulsion

in which oil acts as dispersed phase and
water acts as dispersion medium.

x1 + x2 + x3 = 90
x1 + 20 + 60 = 90

20

N = 50, l =10 F = 28, f = 42, C = 5

= -15

= 49.5 - 6

N 15 -
15
E p
. j
?.
: 20 --

NP-d- --N-?

fiui
= -25 + 10

N
= 50

A. The heat of the reaction remains same

whether the reaction takesplace in a single
step or many steps.
e.g.:
1 O2(g) CO(g); H = -110.5 KJ
C(graphite) + __
2

C (graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g); H = -393.5 KJ

= -51. 46 - (-57.3)

A. CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O

10 grs ....................
16 grs ....................?

= 5.84 KJ.

H = ?

H = - 558.6 KJ.

(1 mole)
16 -558.6
10

H = = -893.76 KJ
(Writer - Sr.Lecturer in Chemistry)

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--C-*.. -J-Eo -v-o-, -u--
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