Principles of HSDPA

ISSUE 1.0
www.huawei.com

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Review WCDMA and HSDPA evolution and standards Review R99 packet data service method Describe HSDPA physical channels HSDPA Network and UE protocol stack architecture

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page1

Contents
1. HSDPA Concepts 2. HSDPA Key Techniques 3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channels 4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page2

WCDMA Evolution

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page3

Release 99 Packet Data

How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD) ?
DCH ( Dedicated Channel )
Spreading codes assigned per user Closed loop power control Soft handover

FACH ( Common Channel )

Common Spreading code No closed loop power control No soft handover

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page4

Release 99 Downlink Limitation

Dedicated Channel Features ( DCH )
Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps OVSF code limitation for high data rate users Rate switching according to burst throughput is slow Outer loop power control responds slowly to channel

Common Channel Features ( FACH )

Good for burst data application Only low data rates supported Fixed transmit power

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page5

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

The differences between HSDPA and R99
Set of high data rate channel Channels are shared by multiple users Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource every 2 ms

HS-PDSCH

Node B

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page6

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

How will HSDPA figure out the limitations of R99
Adaptive modulation and coding
Fast feedback of Channel condition QPSK and16QAM Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1

Multi-code operation
Multiple codes allocated per user Fixed spreading factor

NodeB fast Scheduling

Physical Layer HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest )

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page7

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

Comparison Summary

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page8

Contents
1. HSDPA Concepts 2. HSDPA Key Techniques 3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channels 4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page9

HSDPA Key Techniques

Block 1 Block 1 Block 2

Block 1?

Block 1 + Block 1?

AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) Data rate adapted to radio condition on 2ms

HARQHybrid ARQwith Soft combing Reduce round trip time

Fast Scheduling based on CQI and fairness Scheduling of user on 2ms

SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM Dynamic shared in Time and code domain

16QAM 16QAM in complement to QPSK for higher peak bit rates

3 New Physical Channels

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page10

Adaptive Modulation and Coding ( AMC )

AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )
Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition
Good channel condition higher data rate Bad channel condition lower data rate

Adjust channel coding rate to compensation channel condition

Good channel condition channel coding rate is higher e.g. 3/4 Bad channel condition channel coding rate is higher e.g. 1/3

Adjust the modulation scheme to compensation channel condition

Good channel condition high order modulation scheme e.g. 16QAM Bad channel condition low order modulation scheme e.g. QPSK
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page11

Adaptive Modulation and Coding ( AMC )

AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )
CQI ( channel quality indicator )
UE measures the channel quality and reports to NodeB every 2ms or more cycle NodeB selects modulation scheme ,data block size based on CQI
Power Control Rate Adaptation

Bad channel condition More power Good channel condition less power

Bad channel condition

Node B

low data rate Good channel condition high data rate

Node B

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page12

CQI mapping table for UE category 10

CQI value
0 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 28 29 30

Transport Block Size

N/A 137 173 2279 2583 3319 3565 4189 4664 23370 24222 25558

Number of HS-PDSCH HS-

Modulation
Out of range

Reference power adjustment

1 1 4 4 5 5 5 5 15 15 15

QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16-QAM 1616-QAM 1616-QAM 16 16-QAM 1616-QAM 1616-QAM 16-

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page13

HSDPA UE Categories
UE Category Maximum Number of HSDSCH Codes Received 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 15 15 5 5 Minimum InterTTI Interval Maximum Number of Bits of an HS-DSCH Transport Block Received Within an HS-DSCH TTI 7298 7298 7298 7298 7298 7298 14411 14411 20251 27952 3630 3630 Total Number of Soft Channel Bits

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Category 6 Category 7 Category 8 Category 9 Category 10 Category 11 Category 12

3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

19200 28800 28800 38400 57600 67200 115200 134400 172800 172800 14400 28800

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page14

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ( HARQ )

Conventional ARQ
In a conventional ARQ scheme, received data blocks that can not be correctly decoded are discarded and retransmitted data blocks are separately decoded

Hybrid ARQ
In case of Hybrid ARQ with soft combining, received data blocks that can not be correctly decoded are not discarded. Instead the corresponding received signal is buffered and soft combined with later received retransmission of information bits. Decoding is then applied to the combined signal.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page15

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ( HARQ )

Example for HARQ

The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the effective received Eb/Io for each retransmission and thus increases the probability for correct decoding of retransmissions, compare to conventional ARQ
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ( HARQ )

There are many different schemes for HARQ with soft combining. These scheme differ in the structure of retransmissions and in the way by which the soft combining is carried out at the receiver
In case of Chase combining ( CC ) each retransmission is an identical copy of the original transmission In case of Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) each retransmission may add new redundancy

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page17

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ( HARQ )

Example for Chase Combining ( CC ) Scheme

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page18

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ( HARQ )

Example for Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) Scheme

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page19

Fast Scheduling
Fast scheduling is about to decided to which terminal the shared channel transmission should be directed at any given moment

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page20

Short TTI (2ms)

Shorter TTI ( Transmission Time Interval ) is to reduce RTT ( round trip time ) Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other functionalities such as AMC, scheduling algorithm and HARQ

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page21

Shared Channel Transmission

In HSDPA, a new DL transport channel is introduced call HSDSCH. The idea is that a part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically shared between a set of HSDPA users

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page22

Shared Channel Transmission

The codes are assigned to HSDPA user only when they are actually to be used for transmission, which leads to efficient code and power utilization
A ll channelization codes available for H SD P A

Channelization code

Tim e

U E1 data

U E 2 data

U E 3 data

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page23

Higher-Order Modulation

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page24

HSDPA New Physical Channels

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page25

Contents
1. HSDPA Concepts 2. HSDPA Key Techniques 3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channels 4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page26

R99 Physical Channels

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page27

HSDPA Physical Layer Channels

New HSDPA Channels
High Speed Downlink shared Channel ( HS-DSCH )
Downlink Transport Channel

High Speed Shared Control Channel ( HS-SCCH )

Downlink Control Channel

High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel ( HS-PDSCH )

Downlink Physical Channel

High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel ( HS-DPCCH )

Uplink Control Channel

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page28

HSDPA Physical Channels

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page29

HS-PDSCH sub-frame Structure

HS-PDSCH sub-frame structure
3 time slots constituted one TTI (2ms) Fixed spreading factor ( SF=16 ) May use QPSK or 16QAM modulation scheme All HS-PDSCH used to carry users data UE can be assigned multiple OVSF code ( SF=16 ) based on UE Categories
Data N data 1 bits T slot = 2560 chips, M*10*2
k

bits (k=4)

Slot #0

Slot#1 1 subframe: T f = 2 ms

Slot #2

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page30

HS-SCCH sub-frame Structure

HS-SCCH sub- frame structure
3 time slots constitutes one TTI ( 2ms ) HS-SCCH SF=128, QPSK only HS-SCCH carries the following control messages: Xue, Xccs, Xms, Xrv, Xtbs, Xhap and Xnd UE demodulates HS-SCCH sub-frame and find out the received data addressed to the UE with Xue. Then UE demodulates HS-PDSCH sub-frame with Xccs, Xms, Xrv, Xhp, Xtbs and Xnd are used for HARQ Process UE may need to simultaneous monitor up to four HS-SCCH
Data N data 1 bits T slot = 2560 chips, 40 bits

Slot #0

Slot#1 1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms

Slot #2

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page31

HS-DPCCH sub-frame Structure

HS-DPCCH sub-frame structure TTI=2ms ( 3 time slots ), SF=256, Fixed rate of 15kbps, carry 2 types of HSDPA uplink physical layer control message, including ACK/NACK CQI ACK and NACK notifies NodeB that UE has received correct downlink data or not. The field defines like this: 1-NACK, 0-ACK CQI reflects physical channel quality indicator based on CPICH strength, and reported by period range from 0 to 160ms ( 0 means no transmission ). Usually the period is 2ms ( one TTI ) ACK/NACK and CQI having different function may be controlled independently by different parameters.
T
s lo t

= 2 5 6 0 c h ip s

2T

s lo t

= 5 1 2 0 c h ip s C Q I

H A R Q -A C K

O n e H S -D P C C H s u b fra m e (2 m s )

S u b fra m e # 0

S u b fra m e # i O n e ra d io fra m e T
f

S u b fra m e # 4

= 10 ms

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page32

Associated physical channel - DPCH

Besides 3 physical channels on top. There is another physical channel named DPCH, which is a dedicated channel . DPCH is also called associated channel used for signalling transmission and power control DPCH does not carry service generally, sometimes carry real time (RT) service such as AMR service
N ode B

H S -P D S C H

H S -S C C H

D PCH

H S -D P C C H

UE

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page33

HSDPA Physical Channels Timing

Start of HS-SCCH is aligned with the start of PCCPCH HS-PDSCH, subframe is transmitted two slots after the associated HS-SCCH subframe

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page34

Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data Rate

Theoretical HSDPA Maximum data rate is 14.4Mbps How do we get to 14.4Mbps ?
Multi-code transmission
NodeB must allocate all 15 OVSF codes ( SF =16 ) to one UE

Consecutive assignments using multiple HARQ process

NodeB must allocate all time slots to one UE UE must decode all transmission correctly on the first transmission

Low channel coding gain

Effective code rate = 1 Requires very good channel conditions to decode

16QAM
Requires very good channel condition
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page35

Contents
1. HSDPA Concepts 2. HSDPA Key Techniques 3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channels 4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page36

HSDPA Protocol Stack

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page37

UTRAN MAC Architecture

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page38

UTRAN MAC-hs Architecture

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page39

UE MAC-hs Architecture

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page40

Implementation of MAC-hs
Coding and modulation Code allocation Code available TFRC

CQI Value

Waiting time

Stat. Of ACK/NACK ACK/NACK HS-DPCCH HARQ CQI adjustment demodulation and decode

OM parameters
Queue priority

Scheduler
Queue filling info

CQI Value

Power limitation

Power management
Power for HSDPA

Queues/flow control

power monitor

Data flow
SRNC(MAC-d)
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Control signal
Page41

Thank You