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Kerr/CFT correspondence
and
ve-dimensional BMPV black holes
Hiroshi Isono
2
, Ta-Sheng Tai
1
and Wen-Yu Wen
2,3
1 Theoretical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, JAPAN
2 Department of Physics and Center for Theoretical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, TAIWAN
3 Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University,
Taipei 106, TAIWAN
Abstract
We apply a recently proposed Kerr/CFT correspondence to extremal supersym-
metric ve-dimensional charged spinning black holes, constructed by Breckenridge,
Myers, Peet and Vafa. By computing the central charge and Frolov-Thorne tempera-
ture in the dual CFT, Cardys formula succeeds in reproducing Bekenstein-Hawking
area law.

e-mail address : isono@ntu.phys.edu.tw

e-mail address : tasheng@riken.jp

e-mail address : steve.wen@gmail.com

1 Introduction
Considerable progress in deriving black hole entropy statistically has been made by resort-
ing to state counting approaches. Among them, while Cardys formula in conformal eld
theory (CFT) plays an indispensable role, this can be better understood in the context of
AdS/CFT correspondence via string compactication and wrapped branes [1]. For exam-
ple, a 2D N = (0, 4) CFT living on an M5-brane wrapping spatially S
1
P
4
(P
4
CY
3
)
was shown to be dual to a 5D black hole formed by M-lifting a Type IIA D0-D4 system
which has an attractor geometry near the horizon [2]. The entropy in terms of Cardys
formula
2
_
c
L
L
0
/6 (1.1)
agrees with Bekenstein-Hawking area law. Here c
L
denotes the central charge and L
0
is
the eigenvalue of the left-moving Virasoro zero mode.
On the other hand, an alternative pioneered much earlier by Brown and Henneaux [3] is
to take into account the asymptotic symmetry preserved at the boundary. They dealt with
a 3D BTZ black hole, which asymptotically approaches AdS
3
with SL(2, R)
L
SL(2, R)
R
isometry. There, two copies of Virasoro algebra
1
emerge as a result of innitely many
Fourier modes of the boundary dieomorphism

(x)

. The central term arising from

commutators of Virasoro generators was thereby used to reproduce the entropy S
BTZ
=
2
_
c
L
L
0
/6+2
_
c
R

L
0
/6. Note that no dynamical detail about this dual non-chiral CFT
was given though.
In much the same spirit of Brown-Henneaux, chiral auxiliary 2D CFTs dual to 4D
extremal Kerr black holes have recently been proposed by Strominger et al. [7]. In their
paper and a series of related works [8, 9, 10, 11, 12], on the near-horizon geometry a
crucial boundary condition is imposed such that the asymptotic symmetry group (ASG)
includes ultimately two kinds of generators, i.e.
K
t
=
t
,
K

= ()

()
r
,
(1.2)
where denotes certain angular coordinate and r stands for the radial direction. Decom-
posing () into innitely many Fourier modes labeled by n, one may identify K

n
with the
1
See also [4, 5, 6] for the appearance of Virasoro algebra near the horizon region of other black holes.
1
generator L
n
of Virasoro algebra. Consequently, the central charge c can be determined
completely from the near-horizon metric and (1.2) owing to techniques developed in lit-
eratures [13, 14]. Quite remarkably, by further introducing Frolov-Thorne temperature
T
FT
[15], Cardys formula
S =

2
3
cT
FT
(1.3)
reproduces the macroscopic entropy perfectly. This aspect seems rather puzzling because
it departs from our usual understanding instructed by BTZ black holes. There, neither
their stringy derivation
2
nor Brown-Henneaux method involves the underlying tempera-
ture T
FT
.
In this article, we apply the above procedure as well as (1.3) to a well-known ve-
dimensional extremal supersymmetric charged spinning black hole constructed by Breck-
enridge, Myers, Peet and Vafa (BMPV) [17]. Unlike Kerr-Newman black holes, this
solution still exhibits unbroken supersymmetry even extremality is satised. As BTZ
black holes mentioned above, the microscopic origin of BMPV entropy rst roots in its
D-brane realization. Nevertheless, the degeneracy counting that we will derive below will
rely thoroughly on Virasoro algebra from ASG and Frolov-Thorne temperature. We re-
mark that BMPV solutions have nite horizons and are asymptotically at. Therefore,
they are distinguished from another kind of 5D black holes formed by a M-theory lift of
D0-D2-D6 systems
3
. We will comment on this later in section 4.
In section 2, we briey introduce the BMPV black hole as a solution to the equation
of motion of 5D Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons gravity and its conserved charges. In
section 3, we carry out the computation of its central charge and Frolov-Thorne temper-
ature. By making use of Cardys formula, perfect agreement with Bekenstein-Hawking
area law is found. Finally, we conclude with some comments in section 4.
Note added
In the previous version, we had a missing factor 2 and compensated this by doubling the
central charge. The puzzle is solved in this version by re-examining a limiting operation
2
The D1-D5 system wrapped on S
1
K3 leads to a BTZ black hole, see [16].
3
See [18] for an excellent review.
2
involved in deriving Frolov-Thorne temperature. We present this process in Appendix
4
.
2 BMPV black holes and near-horizon geometry
2.1 BMPV black holes
As shown in [19], the BMPV solution can be embedded in N = 2 supergravity and is
charged under a graviphoton. The metric reads
ds
2
=
_
1

r
2
_
2
dt
2
+
dr
2
_
1

r
2
_
2

a
r
2
_
1

r
2
_

3
dt

2
a
2
4r
4

2
3
+
r
2
4
d
2
3
, (2.1)

3
= d + cos d, d
2
3
= d
2
+ sin
2
d
2
+
2
3
with gauge potentials
A = B(r)dt + C(r)
3
, (2.2)
B(r) =

3
2r
2
, C(r) =

3a
4r
2
and a constant dilaton eld. d
2
3
is the line element for S
3
.
The conserved energy, angular momentum and charge for the BMPV black hole are
as follows
M =
3
4
, J =
1
4
a, Q =

3
2
, (2.3)
which satisfy the rst law of black hole thermodynamics
dM = T
H
dS +

dJ + dQ. (2.4)
Due to extremality, Hawking temperature T
H
as well as two angular velocities

and

are zero, while the chemical potential is equal to B(

). A tricky point is that the

ratio
T
H

is denitely nite at r =

. We will use this fact later in section 3.3.

4
We are grateful to Chiang-Mei Chen who pointed out this mismatch is attributable to our former
Frolov-Thorne temperature.
3
2.2 Near-horizon geometry
By taking near-horizon limit r =

(1 +

2
r) and t =

t with 0, the BMPV metric

(2.1) becomes
ds
2
=

4
( r
2
d

t
2
+
d r
2
r
2
)
a

2
r(d + cos d)d

t
+
a
2
4
(d + cos d)
2
+

4
(d
2
+ sin
2
d
2
). (2.5)
It is seen that (2.5) possesses a structure of AdS
2
(in Poincare patch) bered over S
3
.
This strongly suggests the existence of chiral Virasoro symmetry at this limit and the
central charge of the dual CFT can be obtained thereof. Before proceeding to the dual
CFT computation, we note that the horizon area is equal to
A
horizon
= 2
2

_
a
2
(2.6)
and thus the macroscopic Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is given by
S
macro
=
A
horizon
4
=

2
2

_
a
2
.
(2.7)
3 Entropy from chiral CFT
3.1 Boundary condition and asymptotic symmetry group
Following the work [3], to yield well-dened central charges, we have to carefully impose
certain boundary condition on the asymptotic variation of the metric such that the desired
ASG can be singled out.
Let us assume that the metric is perturbed as g

+h

where g

is the near-horizon
metric (2.5) and h

is some perturbation around it. We will choose the following bound-

ary condition:
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
h
tt
= O(r
2
) h
tr
= O(
1
r
2
) h
t
= O(
1
r
) h
t
= O(1) h
t
= O(r)
h
rt
= h
tr
h
rr
= O(
1
r
3
) h
r
= O(
1
r
2
) h
r
= O(
1
r
) h
r
= O(
1
r
2
)
h
t
= h
t
h
r
= h
r
h

= O(
1
r
) h

= O(
1
r
) h

= O(
1
r
)
h
t
= h
t
h
r
= h
r
h

= h

= O(1) h

= O(1)
h
t
= h
t
h
r
= h
r
h

= h

= h

= O(
1
r
)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
. (3.1)
4
The most general dieomorphism which preserves this boundary condition reads
=
_
C+O
_
1
r
3
_
_

t
+[r

() +O(1)]
r
+O
_
1
r
_

+O
_
1
r
2
_

+
_
() +O
_
1
r
2
_
_

, (3.2)
where C is an arbitrary constant and () is an arbitrary function of . Note that we drop
the hat over t and r from now on for brevity. As a result, ASG here is simply generated
by

t
=
t
,

[1]
= ()

()
r
. (3.3)
Of course, exchanging and in (3.1) gives rise to another set of boundary condition
which leads to

[2]
= ()

()
r
. (3.4)
3.2 Central charge
We use the method developed in [13, 14] to compute the central charge on the dual CFT
side. We have two Killing vectors corresponding to (, ) in ASG:

[1]
(n)
= e
in

inre
in

r
,

[2]
(n)
= e
in

inre
in

r
, (3.5)
where Fourier transform is performed over () and

(), respectively. The commutator

of (3.5) constitutes two copies of chiral Virasoro algebra with zero central charge. The
central extension c
(i)
of Virasoro algebra is given as follows
1
8
_

[i]
(m)
[L

[i]
(n)
g, g] =
i
12
(m
3
+ m)
m+n
c
(i)
, (3.6)
where is a spatial slice. The 3-form k

is dened by
k

[h, g] =
1
2
_

+
1
2
hD

+
1
2
h

(D

+ D

)
_
(dx

dx

), (3.7)
where g denotes the near-horizon metric. The coecient in (3.6) is irrelevant because
it can be absorbed by a shift of L
0
. Equipped with generators (3.5) of ASG and the
5
near-horizon metric (2.5), Lie derivatives are
L

[1]
(n)
g
tt
= 2inr
2
e
in
, L

[1]
(n)
g
t
=
cos
2
ianre
in
,
L

[1]
(n)
g
r
=
n
2
r
e
in
,
L

[1]
(n)
g

=
in
2
(a
2
)e
in
, L

[1]
(n)
g

=
cos
4
in(a
2
)e
in
, (3.8)
and
L

[2]
(n)
g
tt
= 2inr
2
e
in
, L

[2]
(n)
g
t
=
1
2
ianre
in
,
L

[2]
(n)
g
r
=
n
2
r
e
in
,
L

[2]
(n)
g

=
in
2
( a
2
cos
2
)e
in
, L

[2]
(n)
g

=
cos
4
in(a
2
)e
in
. (3.9)
Substituting these back to (3.7), we obtain
c
(1)
= 3a, c
(2)
= 0. (3.10)
This result can be reasoned as below: the black hole solution shown in [19] has two equal
but opposite spins J and J due to a dierent coordinate choice. By using Hopf ber
description of S
3
here
5
, one of them turns into a spin 2J (associated with coordinate),
while the other (associated with coordinate) vanishes.
3.3 Frolov-Thorne temperature
Let us determine the so-called Frolov-Thorne temperature. First, equating eigenmodes
near the horizon and elsewhere
e
it+im

+im

= e
im
R

t+im
L

+im
L

, (3.11)
one has the relation between quantum numbers like
m
R
=

2
, m
L
= m

, m
L
= m

(3.12)
for t =

t, =

and =

.
5
J =

4
a in our notation.
6
Next, we compare Boltzmann factors of both via
exp
_

T
H
_
= exp
_

m
R
T
R

m
L
T

_
, (3.13)
where

T
H
= 0 is used. T
R
, T

and T

are Frolov-Thorne temperatures. From (3.12), we

get
T
R
=
T
H

2
, T

=
T
H

. (3.14)
Automatically, T
R
= 0 due to extremality and
T

= lim
r

T
H
(r)

(r)
=
_
a
2
2a
. (3.15)
As advertised,
T
H

remains non-vanishing at the horizon by carefully examining (3.15).

We present this procedure in Appendix.
3.4 Microscopic entropy
Substituting (3.10) and (3.15) into Cardys formula (1.3), we get the microscopic entropy
of the dual CFT,
S
micro
=
1
2

_
a
2
. (3.16)
This agrees precisely with Bekenstein-Hawking entropy (2.7).
4 Conclusion and comments
We have succeeded in reproducing the BMPV black hole entropy using Cardys formula.
This non-trivial check suggests that counting entropy semi-classically by evaluating the
central charge and eective temperature on the dual CFT side is also applicable to ex-
tremal supersymmetric charged spinning black holes. This serves as a bridge between the
known microscopic picture given by brane bound states and the macroscopic Bekenstein-
Hawking area law.
Since the central charge of BMPV black holes is proportional to a (spin), we expect
that a lifted solution in 6D similar to [10] can be constructed in order to reproduce the
7
entropy in the degenerate limit a 0. It would also be interesting to see if our result can
be generalized to BMPV and Kerr black holes embedded in Godel universe [20] or black
rings. We wish to report this generalization in a separated paper [21].
Finally, let us comment on a class of 5D BPS charged spinning black holes without
horizons. They have been realized as an M-theory lift of D0-D2-D6 systems with brane
charges (q
0
, q
A
, 1). More precisely, consider compactifying Type IIA string theory on CY
3
to N = 2 supergravity. BPS black holes are realized by wrapping D2- and D6-branes on
2- and 6-cycles of CY
3
, respectively. J
L
= q
0
/2 is associated with the spin over the S
1
ber of a Taub-NUT space due to one single D6-brane.
Upon M-theory lift, the 5D black hole located at the center of Taub-NUT will have a
near-horizon metric [22] characterized by (J
L
, Q) which completely coincides with that of
BMPV in (2.5). In other words, the entropy
S
5D
= 2
_
Q
3
J
2
L
(4.1)
gets the same as (2.6) through replacing
_
(4/)
1/3
J
L
/Q, (4/)
1/3
Q
_
with (a, ). Here
Q
3
= D
ABC
Y
A
Y
B
Y
c
and q
A
= 3D
ABC
Y
B
Y
C
, while D
ABC
is related to the triple inter-
section number of CY
3
. Certainly, its reduction to 4D one does not alter the horizon area,
i.e. S
5D
is independent of the asymptotic radius of Taub-NUT. Compared with BMPV
ones, even though the two kinds of black holes share the same near-horizon geometry,
some quantities like T
FT
are absent here.
As another remark, the central charge in (3.10) diers from what is microscopically
derived in [17] where c
2
Q
2
for large . Moreover, naively applying Cardys
formula (1.1), one yields L
0
(Q
3
J
2
L
)/Q
2
. This feature is not encountered in 3D
BTZ cases because the central charge of Brown-Henneaux is exactly equal to that in the
dual 2D N = (4, 4) CFT [16]. It remains interesting to understand the exotic Kerr/CFT
correspondence by pursuing this direction further.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Yutaka Matsuo and Chiang-Mei Chen for valuable discussion. Also, we
thank Sergey Solodukhin, Glenn Barnich and Mu-In Park for helpful comments. T.S.T
is grateful to Xi Yin for an introduction to BPS black holes. We would like to thank
8
Mathematica and RGTC package for facilitating our computation. T.S.T is supported in
part by the postdoctoral program at RIKEN. H.I and W.Y.W are partially supported by
Taiwan National Science Council under Grant No. 97-2119-M-002-001 and 97-2112-M-
002-015-MY3.
9
A Appendix
According to [20], one is able to have a general black hole in Godel universe parameterized
by (m, q, j, a), namely,
ds
2
= f(r)dt
2
2g(r)
3
dt + h(r)
2
3
+
dr
2
V (r)
+
r
2
4
d
2
3
, (A.1)
where
f(r) = 1
2m
r
2
+
q
2
r
4
, (A.2)
V (r) = 1
2m8j(m+ q)(a + 2j(m + 2q))
r
2
+
2(mq)a
2
+ q
2
(1 16ja 8j
2
(m+ 3q))
r
4
, (A.3)
h(r) = j
2
r
2
(r
2
+ 2m+ 6q) + 3jqa +
(mq)a
2
2r
2

q
2
a
2
4r
4
, (A.4)
g(r) = jr
2
+ 3jq +
(2mq)a
2r
2

q
2
a
2r
4
. (A.5)
Further, Hawking temperature T
H
(r
+
) and the angular velocity

(r
+
) (

(r
+
) = 0) at
the outer horizon are dened via
T
H
(r) =
rV

(r)
4
_
4h(r) + r
2
,

(r) =
g(r)
h(r) +
r
2
4
. (A.6)
The BMPV solution saturates m = q with j =

2(mq)
4(m+q)
, and r
+
= r

m. Since both
Hawking temperature and the angular velocity go to zero as r
+


m, Frolov-Thorne
temperature of BMPV
T

= lim
r

m
T
H
(r)

(r)
(A.7)
should be calculated instead by
T

H
(r)

(r)
according to lHopitals theorem.
Adhering to the three steps in order: rst setting j =

2(mq)
4(m+q)
, then taking m = q
followed by substituting r =

m as the nal step, one can show that

T

ma
2
2a
. (A.8)
This is nothing but (3.15) by putting m = .
10
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