Lecture 3 IWM Industrial = the dawn of mass production. Growth of the city's effects musical output.

LONDON Growth of Railway Immigrants Poor Conditions 1sq mile PARIS Railway (metro) VIENNA Railway connects to other city's ethnically mixed NEW YORK Population grew massively. More immigrants then anywhere else. BERLIN Capital of German Empire after 1871 (was in Prussia) Population grew massively Germany = German Confederation pre 1871 Popular music, a threat to 'high culture'? Classical music used to be exclusively ticketed to the upper classes.This stays with the nature of concerts even if it is now more affordable. The general demographic of these concerts is upper class slightly older. Cultural capital (theory) by your social status you gain cultural habits (music/literature). Classical music = denying the body, listen in silence (upper class) Romantic & Later = socialise/talk/dance etc. Why are popular and classical music studied/viewed so differently? Classical is a music of labour/pop can be done with out loads of education etc. classical music on a pedestal What separates pop/classical music? Style of score Style of performance/perception Music Hall originates from back rooms of pubs. Open mic people play and sing. Developed onto tables and drinks listening to music being performed. Really popular in 1860's Cheap/fun/commercially run Mix of classes. Songs about love/sex(innuendo)/drinking.Originates minstrelsy/parlour ballads/folk songs.

 Many cockney representations. Music hall stylistic features. Simple harmony More natural singing style strophic from Syllabic March feel (when in 2). American Vaudeville Type of variety show that comes about at the end of the civil war Different separate performers, as opposed to minstrelsy (one troupe) Ballads/blackface songs/ French Vaudeville Some political content. Pierre-Jean de Beranger (wen to jail) Goguettes singing clubs, similar to secret society Napolian band Goguettes in 1850's Cafe-Chantants similar but more frivolous songs, no political/work etc content. Different social classes lived together so that the Bourgeois (art classes) began to appreciate popular culture, and working class dressed more Bourgeois. Music more important than lyrics because of noisy environment. They flourished from 1850's onwards, became bigger and more of a show. Unterhaltungsmusik in Vienna Music for entertainment (Viennese version of before) Popular dances Waltz style changed, um-pah-pah, anticipation, syncopated, 'intro-five waltzescoda(medley)' Johann Strauss II, sided with revolutionaries, modified style Die Fledermaus chromatic make drunk feel. Franco-Prussian War and German Unification Otto Von Bismarck becomes Prussian Minister-presedent in 1862 The go to was with Denmark (austria fights with prussia), Prussia wins. Austria Fight Prussia, Prussia win, austria leave german confederation. Franco-Prussian war provoked by a huge diplomatic row. France declare war on Prussia in 1870 Prussia were military superior (fighting in the north of France) Germany union was favoured and formed France were beaten (1871) Treaty of Frankfurt, 1871(reparations of 5 billion francs,Alsace and Lorraine go to germany) Post 1871 period = The Third Republic (Belle epoque) Increased nationalism Control established in africa and indo-china Society Nationale de Music Saint-Saens, Faure etc. Only play contemporary French music A search for French style of music, older traditions. Early music. Wagner still extremely influential on composers.

Cultural mix of high culture/criminals/prostitutes/artists/workers. Effects on Germany Military prowess Cultural ideals changed, people went away from timeless/universal culture to more association militaristic sentiments. Germany flourish in industry larger concert halls/orchestras/audiences. No immediate change in Bourgeois concert culture. Few composers involved in politics.