Abstracts of 3rd International Congress of the Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM) / Sleep Medicine 10, Suppl.

2 (2009) S1S83

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the PSD group while the body weight of the control group remained unchanged. The present study concludes that the PSD decreases gastric dye retention, thus indicating an increase in gastric emptying. Further studies are warranted to fully elucidate the association between sleep and gastrointestinal motility.

spite these differences, only six patients had a degree of collapsibility that was signicantly different enough to determine that there should be an alteration to Fujitas classication. Conclusion: The somnoendoscopy with 1% propofol demonstrated the appropriate level of sensitivity to identify the degree of collapsibility with respect to the obstruction of the airway in patients with SDB.

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WEIGHT LOSS RATE DURING SLEEP AND AWAKE REST

W. Moraes, A. Utino, M.T. de Mello, S. Tuk. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Dep. Psicobiologia Introduction: Weight loss can be caused by a loss of body mass due to metabolism and by water loss through insensible water loss, sweating, or excretion in feces and urine. Although weight loss during sleep is a wellknown phenomenon, it remains to be studied in relation to sleep structure. Our study compared weight loss during sleep and awake rest and assessed the relationship between overnight weight loss and sleep structure. Methods: Fourteen normal male volunteers, 21-30 yrs old, underwent adaptation polysomnography (PSG) followed by full PSG on an accurate continuous weighing bed-scale. After breakfast, volunteers remained resting on the bed-scale for 7 hrs. Body composition was measured before and after each experimental period. Diet given before and after PSG was proportional to weight, age and metabolic rate. Volunteers had no solid or liquid losses during sleep and vigil rest. Polysomnograms were scored and the weight loss rate was calculated. Results: Weight loss rate during sleep was higher than during awake rest (p<0.05, 1.91.9 and 0.60.5 gr/min respectively. Conclusion: Contrary to our expectations, the weight loss rate during sleep was higher than during awake rest. Weight loss and fat weight loss rates were dependent on sleep structure.

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EXPRESSION OF ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 (AT1) AND TYPE 2 (AT2) RECEPTORS AFTER SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND SLEEP RESTRICTION

J.C. Perry, C.T. Bergamaschi, R.R. Campos, S. Tuk. UNIFESP Introduction: We demonstrated that loss of sleep during different periods produces an increase in sympathetic activity, preferentially in the kidney, and that these alterations were associated with differential modications in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Paradoxical sleep deprivation (24 h and 96 h) reduced plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) concentrations, while sleep restriction markedly reduced angiotensin 1-7; this could be interpreted as a reduction of protective effect, as this peptide is known to be an antagonist of ANG II. ANG II exerts its important physiological functions through two distinct receptor subtypes, type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors. AT(1) receptors mediate most of the central effects of ANG II on cardiovascular function, uid homeostasis, and sympathetic drive. AT(2) receptors represents one of those components with the potential for improving cardiovascular protection. Current knowledge suggests that the AT(2) receptor antagonizes the effects of the AT(1) receptor. Objective: We hypothesize that alterations in the sympathetic and angiotensinergic systems in response to sleep loss may be evidence of their participation in mechanisms that can lead to increase in cardiovascular risk. It is well known that specic activation of sympathetic drive to different targets can be organized by the CNS. Thus, to determine the relationship between sleep deprivation and RAS, we examined the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep restriction on AT(1) and AT(2) protein expression in the PVH and RVLM. Methods: Wistar-Hannover male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: 1) control; 2) paradoxical sleep deprivation for 20 h; 3) sleep restriction for 14 days, dened as 20-h paradoxical sleep deprivation followed by 4-h sleep permission period. The animals were subjected to sleep deprivation using the platform over water technique. The rats were killed by decapitation, and the micro-punches of PVH and RVLM were rapidly dissected for western blotting analysis. Results: Our results show that no signicant statistical difference across groups was observed in AT(1) and AT(2) protein expression in the PVN and RVLM. Conclusion: These results suggest that the reduction observed in ANG II levels after sleep deprivation occurred as a result, at least in part, of a compensatory mechanism that increases the metabolism of Ang II to the inactive metabolite without modifying AT(1) and AT(2) protein expression in the CNS.

218

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF UPPER-AIRWAY COLLAPSIBILITY BETWEEN THE WAKING NASOPHARYNGOSCOPIC TEST AND SOMNOENDOSCOPY WITH PROPOFOL

P.B. Pasquali, R.D.P. Ferreira, J.A. Pinto, E. Magri, A.F. Carpes. NOSP Introduction: The location of upper-airway site obstruction in individuals suffering from snoring and sleep apnea is crucial and can been determined by different methods, including physical examination, the waking nasopharyngoscopic Muellers maneuver and radiological imaging. Both physical examination and the Muellers maneuver are very subjective techniques for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Somnoendoscopy, also known as sleep nasendoscopy, has been demonstrated to be an attractive method for the diagnosis of chronic snoring and sleep apnea, because the endoscope allows the direct and dynamic visualization of the pharynx during induced sleep. Using this new technique, the surgeon can observe the area of the pharynx that is responsible for the obstruction that leads to snoring or sleep apnea, which then facilitates proper surgical intervention and increases the chance of a successful outcome after surgery. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the degree of collapsibility of the upper airway by the waking nasopharyngoscopic Muellers maneuver and somnoendoscopy with 1% propofol in patients with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and to demonstrate the applicability of the methods to medical practice. Methods: The study population included 30 patients with SDB caused by a spectrum of diseases that involve primary snoring or OSA. The participants were prospectively enrolled based upon the results from a sleep questionnaire, a general examination and an ENT physical examination that included the nasopharyngoscopic Muellers maneuver. The somnoendoscopy was performed before the polysomnography in all patients. Results: Among the 30 patients who participated in the study, 11 had primary snoring, 4 had mild OSA, 3 had moderate OSA and 12 had severe OSA. The degree of collapsibility of the superior pharynx and the inferior pharynx was determined by both the nasopharyngoscopic Muellers maneuver and somnoendoscopy with 1% propofol. A comparison of the resulting data showed that somnoendoscopy caused a greater degree of collapsibility in the superior pharynx for 46.6% of the patients and a greater degree of collapsibility in the inferior pharynx in 30% of the patients when compared to that of the waking nasopharyngoscopy. In contrast, the waking nasopharyngoscopic Muellers maneuver caused a greater degree of collapsibility in the superior pharynx for one patient and in the inferior pharynx for three patients. De-

220

IS OROFACIAL PAIN PRESENT IN ANIMAL MODEL OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE?

T.C.B. Schtz, G.M.C. Fabri, M.L. Andersen, A. Silva, A. Zager, D.C. Peruzzo, J.T.T. Siqueira, S. Tuk. Department of Psychobiology - Universidade Federal de So Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), So Paulo, SP, Brazil Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is a common chronic inammatory condition. Periodontitis is characterized by an interaction between the immune system and pain perception in the trigeminal nuclei, leading to several outcomes, such as sleep disturbances. Objective: The present study examined the effects of PD on sleep architecture using an animal model of PD. Methods: Male Wistar rats were implanted with electrodes that enabled recording of their electrocorticogram (ECoG) and electromyogram (EMG). Male rats were assigned randomly into the following two groups: control (n=8, non-ligated sites) and PD (n=8). In the PD group animals, both rst mandibular molars were ligated with cotton in the dental-gingival area to induce experimental periodontitis. The control group underwent a sham procedure. After these procedures, sleep recordings were monitored for 28 days. Electrophysiological signals were collected by a digital polygraph, and the recorded sleep stages were classied as wake, non-REM sleep, and REM sleep. Results: Following ligature-induced PD, between days 7 and 28 during the