Tyler, page 228

What is the maximum pressure developed in a water pipeline with a pressure "p", if a valve is closed nearly instantly or line are all stope at the same instant. Pipe data is "steel", "d", "sch", "L". The water flow rate is "Q". What is the maximu the valve closes in a time "" 1. Data, SI (Tyler data in Anex A) Operating pressure and flowrate p= 13.8 bar Q= Pipe data Material: dn = 0.1767 Steel 8 in m s mm mm 2. Fluid velocity v= Q/A Q= 0.1767 A= v= m /s
3

Pipe section A= (pi()/4)*d^2 d= #NAME? m A= #NAME? m2 Material data

3.-Water speed of sound

c: speed of sound (m/s)

Bulk modulus and density of water K: water bulk modulus (Pa) : water density (kg/m) k= 20,684 bar = (K / )^0.5 1000 kg/m c Steel pipe elasticity module Et = 2,068,428 bar K= 2.1E+09 = 1000 c= 1438.2 4.- Celerity

sch = 40 L= 1524.0 Valve closing time = 5.0 Pipe dimensions di = #NAME? s= #NAME?

m3/s

#NAME? m2 #NAME? m/s

5.- Pressure increment due to water 6.- Maximum pressure developed due Pressure increment due to water 8.- to hammer produced by a sudden shutoff. sudden shutoff a hammer produced by a Not sudden shutoff. p The pressure increment can be calculated max = pop = with Joukovsky elasticity theory h= pmax = h : pressure increment [mwc] a : wave velocity [m/s] v : speed variation [m/s] vfinal - vinitial v = g : acceleration of gravity m/s The pressure change "h" is h= a= v = vf = vi = v = g= h= h= (- a * v ) / g #NAME? vf - vi 0 #NAME? #NAME? #REF! #NAME? #NAME? m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s mwc bar pmax = pop + h 13.8 bar #NAME? bar #NAME? bar #NAME? psi P: presure increment (mwc) L : pipe length (m) Maximum over- pressure or under- v :speed change pressure are obtained when the g : acceleration of gravity m/s shutoff time "", is less or equal to: shutoff time interval (s) the critical time "c", P = h= L= a= = P = 2 * h * L / (a * ) #NAME? 1524.0 #NAME? 5.0 #NAME? For a shutoff time greater than the critical time, the Michaud relation can be used.

7. Critical time

c = L= a= c =

2*L/a 1,524 m #NAME? m/s #NAME? s

Anex A Anex A. Tyler data p= 200 dn = 8 sch = L= Q= = k= 40 5,000 2,800 5 300,000 Data, SI p= dn = Tyler results 13.8 bar in m m3/s s bar Mpa bar 5.- Celerity a= 1287.9 Calculated value a= #NAME? 6.- Pressure increment due to water hammer produced by a sudden shutoff. h= 70.5 Calculated value h= #NAME? 8. Pressure developed due to valve shutoff in the time interval pmax = di = s= g= 9.81 m/s #NAME? mm #NAME? mm 44.7

psi in ft gpm s psi

E=

30,000,000

psi

8 sch = 40 L= 1,524 Q= 0.177 = 5 Bulk modulus of water k= 20,684 k= 2,068 Pipe elasticity module E= 2,068,428 E=

206,843 Mpa

Calculated value pmax = #NAME?

The bulk modulus K>0 can be formally defin

a valve is closed nearly instantly or pumps discharging into the low rate is "Q". What is the maximum pressure developed if

In a fluid, the bulk modulus speed of sound c (pressure waves), accord Newton-Laplace formula

peed of sound

f sound (m/s)

ulk modulus (Pa) ensity (kg/m) (K / )^0.5 Pa kg/m m/s

a : celerity (wave velocity) (m/s) c: speed of sound (m/s) d: inside pipe diameter (mm) s: minimum wall thickness (mm) K: water bulk modulus (bar) c / (1 + (K/Et) * (d/s) )^(0.5) a= c= K= Et = d= s= a= a/c= 1438.2 2.1E+09 2.1E+11 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? m/s Pa Pa mm mm m/s

Water 2.2109 Pa (value increases at highe Water 2.15 Seawater 2.34 t= 10 (K / )^(1/2) c= K= = c= a= k= w = Et = d= a= 2.20E+09 1000 1483.2 c / ( 1 + (k/Et) * (d/s))^0.5 2.20E+09 1000 2.06E+11 543 #NAME?

re increment due to water P = produced by a Not sudden h = c = =

h *( c / ) #NAME? #NAME? 5.0 #NAME? bar s s bar 1,483.24

off time greater than the

e, the Michaud relation canP =

9. Pressure developed due to valve shutoff in the time interval > c = 5 pop + h 13.8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? bar bar bar psi s

e increment (mwc) pmax = pop = time interval (s) 2 * h * L / (a * ) bar m m/s s bar h= pmax = pmax =

ation of gravity m/s

m/s

m/s re increment due to water roduced by a sudden shutoff. bar

Bulk modulus of water k= 22000

bar

bar e developed due to valve he time interval > c bar bar

Pipe elasticity module E= 2068428 bar Note 1. Tyler error 484 + 200 = 684 (psi) = 47.16 (bar)

Not e1

odulus K>0 can be formally defined by the equation:

he bulk modulus K and the density determine the ound c (pressure waves), according to the place formula

109 Pa (value increases at higher pressures

C (K / )^(1/2) Pa kg/m m/s c / ( 1 + (k/Et) * (d/s))^0.5 Pa kg/m3 Pa mm m/s

###

1000 2.06E+11 543

Pehmco water-hammer [3], page 7.21 1. Data Operating pressure and flowrate pop = 15 mwc pop = Q= Q= Pipe data Material: dn = #REF! 100 0.100 bar l/s m /s
3

Pipe section A= d=

5.-Water speed of sound (pi()/4)*d^2 0.2292 m m2 c: speed of sound (m/s)

A= 0.0413 3. Material data

PECC 63, 80, 100 280 mm

Bulk modulus and density of water k= #REF! bar = 1000 kg/m Ppipe elasticity module Ep = #REF! 4. Fluid velocity v= Q/A Q= 0.1000 A= v= 0.0413 2.42 bar

K: water bulk modulus (Pa) : water density (kg/m) c K= = c= 6.- Celerity

PN 10 bar L= 1000 m Valve closing time = < Tc 2. Pipe dimensions and section de = 280 mm s= di = 25.4 229.2 mm

m3/s m2 m/s

7.- Pressure increment due to water hammer produced by a sudden shutoff. For this case, the pressure increment can be calculated with Joukovsky elasticity theory

8.- Maximum pressure developed due to a sudden shutoff (Joukovsky) Pmax_Jouk = pop = hJouk = Pmax_Jouk = pop + hJouk #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! 9. Critical time Maximum over- pressure or underpressures are obtained when the shutoff time "", is less or equal to the critical time "c", bar bar bar

hJouk : pressure increment, Joukovsky a : wave velocity [m/s] v : speed variation [m/s] vfinal - vinitial v = g : acceleration of gravity m/s The pressure change "h" is hJouk = (- a * v ) / g m a= v = vf = vi = v = g= hJouk = hJouk = #REF! vf - vi 0 2.42 -2.42 #REF! #REF! #REF! m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s mwc bar

c = L= a= c =

2*L/a 1,000 #REF! #REF!

m m/s s

Approximate bulk modulus Water 2.2109 Pa (value increases at higher pressures) K= 2.20E+09 Pa K= 22,000 bar Air 1.42105 Pa (adiabatic bulk modulus) Air 1.01105 Pa (constant temperature bulk modulus) Mdulo de compresin del agua Agua K= K= K= g= 9.81 m/s 2.06E+04 #REF! #REF! kp/cm Pa bar

Water speed of sound

a : celerity (wave velocity) (m/s) c: speed of sound (m/s) d: inside pipe diameter (mm) s: minimum wall thickness (mm) K: water bulk modulus (bar) c / (1 + (K/Ep) * (d/s) )^(0.5) a= c= K= Ep = d= s= a= #REF! #REF! #REF! 229.2 25.4 #REF! m/s Pa Pa mm mm m/s

peed of sound (m/s)

water bulk modulus (Pa) water density (kg/m) (K / )^0.5 #REF! 1000 #REF! Pa kg/m m/s

Steel elasticity modulus E= 2.95E+07 E= 2.03E+11 E= 2.03E+06

psi Pa bar

Mdulo de elasticidad del HDPE PEEC Ep = 8,000 kp/cm Ep = Ep = #REF! #REF! Pa bar

[2]

Power generation calculations reference Tyler G. Hicks., P.E., Editor The McGraw-Hill Engineering reference guide series 1985 Water-hammer in liquid pipelines. Page 228

[3]

Productos PECC Tehmco S.A. Example page 7.21 Heat ans mass transfer Anthony F. Mills Irwin, 1995 Heat transfer J. P. Holman McGraw-Hill, 1989

[4]

[5]

[6]

Water Hammer by Robert Pelikan April 1, 2005