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1. 2. 3. 4. Basic Functions of Language Discourse: Forms of Discourse Emotive & Cognitive Meaning Agreement and Disagreement
It will be quite an improbable task to try and list all the functions of language for all practical reasons it can be considered endless.
They, at times, serve other purposes than they appear to be advancing
How
are you?
Communicating is the most widely recognized use, not the ONLY use.
LANGUAGE PERSPECTIVES
Unintentional
Intentional
Some Perspectives
Unintentional
Language,
in addition to nonverbal sources communicates emotional states, sex of speakers, and even their geographical origins.
Intentional
Beginning
with pre linguistic communication between mother and infant, intentional linguistic communication becomes the dominant mode of human communication.
Some Perspectives
Language
Here
language supports thought, rationalization and attribution, creativity, memory, self-direction, self-expression, humor, and perhaps even aspects of consciousness.
Language
Building
and Society
upon both interpersonal and individual functions, a language in a sense defines a society.
Involves an effort to communicate some content. Accomplished by formulating and affirming (denying) a proposition.
Informative discourse is used to describe the world and to reason about it.
Examples
Wednesday, Aug 31, is a holiday. Logic is the study of correct reasoning. Ace: 4474712
Information
Vijay Anand Sharma Timilsina (VAST) Spring 2011
is STATED.
Manifest (within the individual) Evoke (arouse similar feelings in the hearer) Or BOTH!
Some Examples
Wari
discourse loses its purpose if we apply the criteria of truth and falsehood.
Phewatal
Not
When language is used to cause or prevent overt action. Directive discourse, is neither true nor false. Directive discourse has two components:
Reasonableness Impropriety
Drive defensively.
Remember the cemetery is full of law abiding citizens who had the right of way
Vijay Anand Sharma Timilsina (VAST) Spring 2011
2. Discourse
13
What is it???
To make a long formal speech about something. A serious speech or writing on a particular subject.
It is all about LANGUAGE & the possible use we can put it into.
2. Discourse
14
Multiplicity of Discourse
Consider
To
2. Discourse
15
Multiplicity of Discourse
CEREMONIAL
A
mix of language functions(usually expressive and directive) with special social uses
PERFORMATIVE
When
Verb
2. Discourse
16
Multiplicity of Discourse
Madan
2. Discourse
17
Multiplicity of Discourse
The
Tibetan Says,
It was by chance, that kindness I could show, Charity seeks no returns, remember us and go. For our daily bread we toil, nothing free do we take, Theres nothing you can give brother, there is nothing I can take. Go home, tell them of Chyangba, and remember friend, The old womans blessing, onto these orphans send.
Vijay Anand Sharma Timilsina (VAST) Spring 2011
2. Discourse
18
2. Discourse
19
Arguments are a collection of propositions. Propositions are sentences which can be asserted or denied. What are sentences???
A
Use
So far we had but sentences to consider; the fact remains that sentences are made of words. Words and phrases can have multiple meanings
Literal
Meaning:
Taking
Emotive
Meaning:
emotion or feeling.
Arousing
Servant Official
Government
You
can argue that the smell of a flower has nothing to do with what its name is!!!
emotive meaning of a word can come from the context it is used in.
Euphemisms
Use
Hand cars and Pre-owned vehicles Civil servant and Bureaucrat Equal opportunities and Reservations
This
I
Sentences have different functions and they may be performing the functions simultaneously Words have different meanings and these meanings often work independent of one another. The outcome: DISAGREEMENT.
Attitude
When
two people agree about the happening, but have different feelings about the event.
Attitudes Vs Beliefs
Attitudes
Liking-disliking,
negative.
Beliefs
object
Truth
Agree
Disagree Complete
disharmony