Corrections for Advanced Functions

Chapter 1 Location Getting Started 1.2 Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 Chapter Review Chapter Review Question Correct Answer 4d D = {x R}, R = {y R | 3 y 3} (Correct in solutions manual) 4d Entire number line should be shaded on graph. 2b D = [0, 10] 2c 3 7c 9c 12 6b 6 12 3 17a R = [10, 50] (4, 10) g(x) = 2(23(x1)) + 4 (1, 23) Graph of h(x) (green) should be reflection of graph of f(x) over xaxis. Labels should be in degrees, not radians. Curves should not have arrowheads at ends. 15, if 0 x 500 15 + 0.02( x 500), if x 500 discontinuous at p = 15; continuous at 0 < p < 15 R = {f (x) R | f (x) 1} 30, if x 200 24 + 0.03 x, if x > 200 (Correct in solutions manual) (2, 17) $11 500 0.05, if x 50 000 0.12 x 5500, if x > 50 000

Chapter Self- 7a Test Chapter Self- 9a Test Chapter Self- 9b Test Chapter 2 Location Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review

Question Correct Answer 1b 750; 0; 250; 1100; 400 m3/month 3b t 2; Answers may vary. For example: The graph has a vertex at (2, 21). It appears that a tangent line at this point would be ( f (2.01) f (1.99)) horizontal. 0.02 0 mm Hg/s Answers may vary. For example, because the unit of the equation is years, you would not choose 3 t 4 and 4 t 5. A better choice would be 3.75 t 4.0 and 4 t 4.25. Graph should start at (0, 0) and connect to the rest of the curve.

2.5 Chapter Review Chapter Review

2 4a

Chapter 3 Location Getting Started 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 Chapter Review Chapter 4 Location 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2

Question Correct Answer 8 The values of x that make f(x) = 0 = n (Located on arrow above box with The zeros are 2 and 6.) 2e y = x2; reflection in the x-axis, vertical stretch by a factor of 4.8, and horizontal translation 3 units right (Correct in solutions manual) 6f (11, 3), (4, 2), (10, 6) 3c x6 6d x2 +2x 8 remainder 4 8a Graph is incorrect; should be graph of y = (x + 6)(x + 5)(x 2) 2 As x , y + , and as x , y .

Question 2d 14c 16 17b

4.2 4.2 4.2 Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Chapter Review Chapter Review

11a 19b 19d 6a 6b 6c 6e 18 2e 4a 4b 11a 11b, 11c 3b 6a

Correct Answer 2 0, , 3 (Correct in solutions manual) 5 0.45 s, 3.33 s (Correct in solutions manual) x = 3, x = 2, x = 5 (Correct in solutions manual) Move the terms with variables to one side and constants to the other. Graph y = 2x x and y = 4 on a graphing calculator and determine where y = 2x x is below y = 4. 3.93 < x < 2.76 1 Answers may vary. For example, x + 1 < 3 2 {x R | 3 y 3} {x R | x 3}; (,3) graph should be shaded from 3 to left Answers may vary. For example, 3x + 1 > x + 15 Answers may vary. For example, 5x 1 < x 33 Answers may vary. For example, x 3 3x 1 x 13 3 2 x or x 3 (Correct in solutions manual) x 1 or x 2 (Correct in solutions manual) 0x2 7 (Correct in solutions manual) Answers may vary. For example, (4.5, 3). (Correct in solutions manual) Remove graph. Answers should be combined. (Correct in solutions manual) 3.10 (Correct in solutions manual) Answers may vary. For example, 3x + 1 > x + 17

Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter SelfTest Chapter 5 Location Getting Started Getting Started Getting Started Getting Started Getting Started 5.1

6b 6c 6d 7b 8a

Answers may vary. For example, 4x 4 x 16 Answers may vary. For example, 3x + 3 x 21 Answers may vary. For example, x 19 < 3x 1 < x 3 23 x (, 8 ] {x R | 2 < x < 7}

Question Correct Answer ab 2f 2a 3b, a 3, 3 3c 4x + 8, x 2, 3 4d 4f 5d 9a 3x + 6 x2 3x, x 0, 3 2a + 50 (a + 3)(a 5)(a 4), x 3, 4, 5 x = 11 D = {x R} R = {y R} y-intercept = 8 x-intercept = 4 negative on (, 4) positive on (4, ) increasing on (,) equation of reciprocal: y =
1 2x + 8

5.1

9b

D = {x R} R = {y R} y-intercept = 3 3 x-intercept = 4 positive on (,

3 ) 4

3 negative on ( , ) 4 decreasing on (, )

equation of reciprocal: y = 5.1 9c D = {x R} R = {y R | y 12.25} y-intercept = 12 x-intercepts = , 3 decreasing on (, 0.5)

1 4x 3

increasing on (0.5, ) positive on (,3) negative on (3, 4) equation of reciprocal: y = 5.1 9d

1 x x 12
2

D = {x R} R = {y R | y 0.5} y-intercept = 12 x-intercepts = 3, 2 increasing on (, 2.5) decreasing on (2.5, ) negative on (, 2) and (3, ) positive on (2, 3)
1 2 x + 10 x 12 D = {x R | 1 x 10 000}, R = {y R | 1 y 10 000} D; The function in the denominator has zeros at x = 1 and x = 3. the rational function has vertical asymptotes as x = 1 and x = 3. 1 vertical asymptote at x = 4; horizontal asymptote at y=2 x+2 y = x2 + x 2 D = {x R | x 2} R = {y R | y 0} 3 positive: (, 1) and (4, ) 3 negative: (1, 4) x = 3; As x 3 from the left, y . As x 3 from the right, y . x = 5; As x 5 from the left, y . As x 5 from the right, y . 1 1 1 x = 2; As x 2 from the left, y . As x 2 from the right, y . 1 1 1 x = 4; As x 4 from the left, y . As x 4 from the right, y . 1 vertical asymptote at x = 4 1 horizontal asymptote at y = 4 1 D = {x R | x 4} 1 R = {y R | y 4}

equation of reciprocal: y =

5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3

12e 1d 2i 3c 2e 3f

5.3 5.3 5.3

4a 4b 4c

5.3

4d

5.3

5c

x-intercept = 5 y-intercept = 5 1 1 f(x) is positive on (, 5) and (4, ) and negative on (5, 4). 1 1 The function is decreasing on (, 4) and on (4, ). The function 5.3 7a is never increasing. The equation has a general vertical asymptote at 1 8 x = n. The function has a general horizontal asymptote at y = . n 1 1 1 The vertical asymptotes are , , , and 1. The horizontal 8 4 2 asymptotes are 8, 4, 2, and 1. The function contracts as n increases. 1 The function is positive on (, n) and (0, ). The function is 1 negative on (n, 0). 8 The horizontal asymptote is y = n, but because n is negative, the 1 value of y is negative. The vertical asymptote is x = n, but because n is negative, the value of x is positive. The function is negative on 1 (, 0) and (n, ). The function is positive on 1 (0, n). f(x) will have a vertical asymptote at x = 1; g(x) will have a 1 horizontal asymptote at x = 2. f(x) will have a horizontal asymptote 1 at x = 3; g(x) will have a vertical asymptote at x = 2. The concentration increases over the 24 h period and approaches approximately 1.85 mg/L. f(x) and m(x) g(x) D = {x R}; R = {y R}; y-intercept = 6; 3 3 x-intercept = ; negative on (, ); positive on 2 2 3 ( ,); increasing on (,) 2 D = {x R}; R = {y R | y 4}; y-intercept = 4; x-intercepts are 2 and 2; decreasing on (, 0); increasing on (0, ); positive on (,2); increasing on (2, );negative on (2, 2) D = {x R}; R = {y R | y 6}; y-intercept = 6; no x-intercepts; function will never be negative; decreasing on (, 0); increasing on (0, ) D = {x R}; R = {y R}; y-intercept = 4;

5.3

7c

5.3

5.3 5.3 5.3 Mid-Chapter Review

10 14a 14b 2a

Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter

2b 2c 2d

Review Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review 4a 4e 5 6a

x-intercept = 2; function is always decreasing; positive on (, 2); negative on (2, ) x = 2; horizontal asymptote x = 5 and x = 3 (delete vertical asymptotes)
x 7 1 , y = 1; y = ; y = 2 ,y = 0 x2 4 x + 2 x 15 D = {x R | x 6}; vertical asymptote: x = 6; horizontal asymptote: y = 0; no x-intercept; 5 y-intercept: ; negative when the denominator is negative; 6 positive when the numerator is positive; x 6 is negative on x < 6; f(x) is negative on (, 6) and positive on (6, ); function is decreasing on (, 6) and (6, ) D = {x R | x 4}; vertical asymptote: x = 4; horizontal asymptote: y = 3; x-intercept: x = 0; y-intercept: f(0) = 0; function is increasing on (, 4) and (4, ); positive on (, 4) and (0, ); negative on (4, 0) D = {x R | x 2}; straight, horizontal line with a hole at x = 2; always positive and never increases or decreases 1 1 D = {x R | x 2}; vertical asymptote: x = 2; horizontal 1 asymptote: y = 2; x-intercept: x = 2; 1 1 y-intercept: f(0) = 5; function is increasing on (, 2) and (2, ) Yes; answers may vary. For example, substituting each value for x in the equation produces the same value on each side of the equation, so both are solutions. x = 0 and x = 1 27 x = 1 and x = 13 x = 1.72, 2.72 x +1 x + 3 = x2 x4 Multiply both sides by the LCD, (x 2) (x 4). x +1 (x 2) (x 4) x2 x +3 = (x 2) (x 4) x 4 (x 4) (x + 1) = (x 2) (x + 3) Simplify. x2 3x 4 = x2 + x 6 Simplify the equation so that 0 is on one side of the equation. x2 x2 3x x 4 + 6 = x2 x2 + x x 6 + 6

y=

Mid-Chapter Review

6b

Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review

6c 6d

5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4

1 6d 6e 7e 8a

5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 Chapter Review

12a 13b 1a 4a 4f 5d 6a 6b 6c 7a 8c 9 10a 11 14 15 5d 6a 6b 6c 7b 9b 10a 10b 12d 1b

Chapter Review Chapter Review

1c

4x+2=0 4x=2 1 x= 2 After 6666.67 min 1.05 min (, 1) and (3, ) 5 < x < 4.5 7 1 < x < and x > 4 8 t < 5 and 0 < t < 3 x (6, 1] or x (4, ) x (, 3) x (4, 2] or x (1, 2] 1 x < 6, 1 < x < 2, x > 2 It would be difficult to find a situation that could be represented by these rational expressions because very few positive values of t yield a positive value of y. Yes, as f(t) g(t) > 0 on the interval (0, 0.31). For instance, the bacteria in the tap water will outnumber the bacteria in the pond water after t = 0.2 days. (x 5)(x + 1) <0 2x when 1 < x < 5 14.48 < x < 165.52 and 180 < x < 360 0 < x < 2 11.72 slope = 286.1; vertical asymptote: x = 0.3 slope = 2.74; vertical asymptote: x = 5 5 slope = 44.64; vertical asymptote: x = 3 0 $1.22 per T-shirt 11 houses per month 1 house per month The instantaneous speed for a specific time, t, is the acceleration of the object at this time. D = {x R}; R = {y R | y 10.125}; x-intercept = 0.5 and 4; positive on (, 4) and (0.5, ); negative on (4, 0.5); decreasing on (, 1.75); increasing on (1.75, ) D = {x R}; R = {y R | y 2}; no x-intercepts; y-intercept = 2; decreasing on (, 0); increasing on (0, ); always positive; never negative The locust population increased during the first 1.4 years, to reach a maximum of 1 287 000. The population

Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter SelfTest

10d 11 14 6b

gradually decreased until the end of the 50 years, when the population was 141 400. 0 < x < 1.5 or x = 3 t > 64.73 (6, 6) b The graph will have a hole at x = a rather than a vertical asymptote at this point if it happens that cx + d = k(ax + b) for some real number k.

Chapter 6 Location 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.6

6.6

Question Correct Answer 7c radians 7e 3 4 7h 2 3 9b 81.25 m 16 86.81 radians/s 2d iv = 2 4c cot 4 4d sec 6 8a cos 4 8b tan 6 8c csc 3 8d cot 3 8e sin 6 5b period = 6, amplitude = 6, equation of the axis is y = 6; y = 6sin (0.5x) 2 9b 50 9 0.98 t 1.52 min, 3.48 min t 4.02 min, 5.98 min t 6.52 min 10a n(t) = 3.7 cos ( (t 172)) + 12 183

6.6 6.7

10b 9b

6.7 Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter SelfTest Chapter 7 Location 7.4

9c 6a 6c 10 3

y = 9.2 hours fastest: t = 4 months, t = 16 months, t = 28 months, t = 40 months; slowest: t = 10 months, t = 22 months , t = 34 months, t = 46 months about 1.01 mice per owl/month 12 tan = 5 about 112.6 or 247.4 3 y = 3 cos (x + 4 ) 1 y 94.9

7.4

7.4

7.4

Question Correct Answer 4b LS = 1 2 sin 2 x = cos 2 x = 2 cos 2 x 1 = RS 9a cos 2 sin 2 LS = cos 2 + sin cos (cos sin )(cos + sin ) = (cos )(cos + sin ) cos sin = cos cos sin = cos cos = 1 tan = RS 9c 1 RS = 1 cos 2 x 2 cos x 1 cos 2 x = cos 2 x 2 2 cos x cos x 1 cos 2 x = cos 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x = cos 2 x 2 cos x = tan 2 x cos 2 x = LS 9d 1 cos 1 + cos + LS = (1 + cos )(1 cos ) (1 + cos )(1 cos ) 1 cos + 1 + cos = 1 cos 2

7.4

10a

2 sin 2 = RS LS = cos x tan 3 x sin 3 x = cos x cos 3 x

7.4

10b

sin 3 x = cos 2 x sin 3 x sin x = cos 2 x = tan 2 x sin x = RS LS = sin 2 + cos 4 = sin 2 + cos 2 cos 2 = sin 2 + (1 sin 2 )(1 sin 2 ) = sin 2 + 1 2 sin 2 + sin 2 sin 2

7.4

10c

= sin + 1 2 sin sin 2 2 2 = 1 sin + sin sin = cos 2 + sin 2 sin 2 = cos 2 + sin 4 = RS tan 2 x + 1 LS = (sin x + cos x ) tan x
2 2 2

( + (sin

)) )

7.4

10d

sec 2 x = (sin x + cos x ) tan x 1 1 = (sin x + cos x ) 2 cos x tan x cos x = (sin x + cos x ) 2 sin x cos x 1 cos x = (sin x + cos x ) 2 cos x sin x 1 = (sin x + cos x ) sin x cos x sin x cos x = + sin x cos x sin x cos x 1 1 = + cos x sin x = RS LS = tan 2 + cos 2 + sin 2 = tan 2 + 1 = sec 2

7.4

10e

1 cos 2 = RS LS = sin + x + sin x 4 4

= sin

cos x + cos

= 2 sin

sin x + sin

cos x cos

sin x

cos x

7.4

10f

2 = (2 ) 2 (cos x ) = 2 cos x = RS LS = sin x cot + x 2 2 cos + x 2 = sin x sin 2 + x 2

7.4

11a

7.4

11b

cos cos x sin sin x 2 2 = sin cos x cos sin x 2 2 sin cos x + cos sin x 2 2 (0)(cos x ) (1)(sin x ) = ((1)(cos x ) (0 )(sin x )) (1)(cos x ) + (0)(sin x ) 0 sin x = (cos x 0 ) cos x + 0 sin x = (cos x ) cos x = sin x = RS cos 2 x + 1 LS = sin 2 x 2 2 cos x 1 + 1 = 2 sin x cos x 2 cos 2 x = 2 sin x cos x cos x = sin x = cot x = RS sin 2 x LS = 1 cos 2 x

7.4

11c

7.4

11d

2 sin x cos x 1 (1 2 sin 2 x ) 2 sin x cos x = 1 1 + 2 sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x = 2 sin 2 x cos x = sin x = cot x = RS 2 LS = (sin x + cos x ) = sin 2 x + 2 sin x cos x + cos 2 x = 1+ 2 sin x cos x = 1 + sin 2 x = RS LS = cos 4 sin 4 = cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 + sin 2

sin = cos 2
2

( = (cos

)( )(1)

7.4

11e

7.4

11f

= RS LS = cot tan cos sin = sin cos cos 2 sin 2 = sin cos cos 2 = sin cos cos 2 = 1 sin 2 2 cos 2 =2 sin 2 = 2 cot 2 = RS cos sin LS = + sin cos cos 2 + sin 2 = sin cos 1 = sin cos 1 = 1 sin 2 2 2 = sin 2

7.4

11g

= 2 csc 2 = RS RS = tan x + 4 tan x + tan = 1 tan x tan

7.4

11h

7.4

11i

4 tan x + 1 = 1 (tan x )(1) 1 + tan x = 1 tan x = LS LS = csc 2 x + cot 2 x 1 1 = + sin 2 x tan 2 x 1 1 + = sin 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x = + sin 2 x sin 2 x 1 + cos 2 x = sin 2 x 1 + (1 2 sin 2 x) = 2 sin x cos x 2 2 sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x 2(1 sin 2 x ) = 2 sin x cos x 1 sin 2 x = sin x cos x cos 2 x = sin x cos x cos x = sin x = cot x = RS 2 tan x LS = 1 + tan 2 x 2 tan x = sec 2 x 2 tan x = 1 2 cos x

7.4

11j

= (2 tan x )(cos 2 x ) sin x 2 = 2 (cos x ) cos x = 2 sin x cos x = sin 2 x = RS csc t RS = csc t 2 sin t 1 sin t = 1 2 sin t sin t 1 sin t = 1 2 sin 2 t sin t sin t
1 sin t = 1 2 sin 2 t sin t 1 = 1 2 sin 2 t 1 = cos 2t = sec 2t = LS 1 RS = (sec )(csc ) 2 1 1 1 = 2 cos sin 1 = 2 cos sin 1 = sin 2 = csc 2 = LS 2 sin t cos t 2 cos 2 t 1 RS = sin t cos t 2 2 sin t cos t sin t (2 cos 2 t 1) = sin t cos t cos t sin t 2 2 sin t cos t 2 cos 2 t sin t + sin t = cos t sin t

7.4

11k

7.4

11l

Chapter Review

sin t cos t sin t 1 = cos t = sec t = LS cos 2 x LS = cot 2 x cos 2 x = cos 2 x sin 2 x

Chapter Review

Chapter SelfTest

cos 2 x = sin 2 x = 1 cos 2 x = RS 2(sec 2 x tan 2 x ) LS = csc x 2(1) = csc x 2 = csc x = 2 sin x 2 sin x cos x = cos x sin 2 x = cos x = sin 2 x sec x = RS 1 2 sin 2 x RS = + sin x cos x + sin x 1 2 sin 2 x + sin x(cos x + sin x ) = cos x + sin x 2 1 2 sin x + sin x cos x + sin 2 x = cos x + sin x 2 1 sin x + sin x cos x = cos x + sin x 2 cos x + sin x cos x = cos x + sin x cos(cos x + sin x ) = cos x + sin x = cos x = LS

(cos x )(sin x )
2 2

Chapter 8

Location Getting Started Getting Started 8.1 8.2

Question Correct Answer 5a (iv) y = x 3 + 4 (Answer missing in answer key but correct in solutions manual) 6d 4.4 x 1014

9c 4 iii (d) 5b 8a 8b 4d 19a 19b 19c 21b 21c 21d 3b 10c 13b 13c 13d 13e 2a 2d 14a 14b 10 11b 11d 12a 12b 7d 10d 3b

8.2 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review Mid-Chapter Review 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter SelfTest
Chapter 9 Location

3 D = {x R | x > 0}, R = {y R} (Correct in Solutions Manual) D = {x R | x > 6}, R = {y R} 1 f(x) = 3 log10 (x 5) + 2 2 (25, 1) 1.40 (Correct in Solutions Manual) positive for all values a > 1 negative for all values 0 < a < 1 undefined for all values a 0 x y = log2 (3) y = log0.5 x 2 Insert y = before given expression. -1 log3 7 log4 4; x = 4 (Correct in Solutions Manual) 0.80 3.82 1.35 1.69 4.086 4.090 x = 5 or x = 1 x = 5 or x = 4 x=2 x = 2.15 x = 0.33 7.0, 6.7, 6.4, 6.2, 5.9, 5.7, 5.5 6.2 log144 1 3, 2 2

Question Correct Answer

Getting Started 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.3

4f 2a 2b 2c 5 (4e) 5 (4f) 6 (4c)

5 x = , 6, 6 2 0.5x Answers may vary. For example, y = x4 x2 Answers may vary. For example, y = (2x)(sin (2x)) (insert graph from 2c) Answers may vary. For example, y = (2x)(cos(2x)) (insert graph from 2b) D = {x R | x 1}, R = {y R} D = {x R | x > 4}, R = {y R} The function is not symmetric. The function is increasing from to 0 and from 6 to . zeros at x = 0, 9 The relative minimum is at x = 6. The relative maximum is at x = 0. period: N/A The function is not symmetric. The function is increasing from 4 to . zeros: x = 3 maximum/minimum: none period: N/A 2n + 1 ) x Z x 2, 7, ( 2 { x Z | x 81 and x n} domain of (f g): {x R | x > 0, x 1} 10 x (f g)(x) = 2 x 3 D = {x R | x 3 , 0} f o g = 4 x4 D = {x R | 2 x 2 } R = {y R| 0 y 2} g o f = 4 x2 D = {x R | 2 x 2} R = {y R| 0 y 4} f o g =2 x1 D = {x R | x 1} R = {y R | y 1} go f =2 x1 D = {x R | x 0} R = {y R | y 0} f og = x D = {x R | x > 0} R = {y R | y > 0} go f = x D = {x R}

9.3

6 (4f)

9.3 9.3 9.4 Mid-Chapter Review 9.5

8a 8c 2d (1f) 7b

6c

9.5

6d

9.5

6e

9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 Chapter Review Chapter Review Chapter Review

8c 9a 9b 16b 4 6e 9a 9e 14 11d 15b 15c 5 11 13a

R = {y R} It is vertically stretched by a factor of 2 and translated down 1 unit. f(g(x)) = 6x + 3 It has been vertically stretched by a factor of 3 and translated up 1 unit. g(f(x)) = 6x 1 It has been vertically stretched by a factor of 3. f ( k ) = 2 9k 16 + 5 f(x) < g(x): 1.3 < x < 1.6 f(x) = g(x): x = 0 or 1.3 f(x) > g(x): 0 < x < 1.3 or 1.6 < x 3 x = 0.21 or 0.72 x (0.57, 1) (6.33, ) x = 0 or x [0.35, 1.51] x = 0 2n, x = 0.67 2n or x = 0.62 2n, where n I P(65) 10 712 509 exponential or rational exponential or rational The part labeled d) should be labeled c). f(x) < g(x): 1.06 < x < 0 or x >1.06 f(x) = g(x): x = 1.06, 0, or 1.06 f(x) > g(x): x < 1.06 or 0 < x 1.06 P(t) = 600t 1000. The slope is the rate that the population is changing. The P-intercept would represent the initial number of frogs.