Chapter 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange Select the lettered choice that best fits each question or statement.

In each case there is only one correct choice. 1. Which of the following classes possess organisms with closed circulatory systems? A. Cestoda B. Crustacea C. Hydrozoa D. Insecta E. Reptilia 2. As blood returns to the human heart from systemic capillaries, the blood will first enter the: A. left atrium B. right atrium C. left ventricle D. right ventricle E. aorta 3 . A three-chambered heart is characteristic of: A. amphibians B. birds C. bony fishes D. cartilaginous fishes E. mammals HC03- + H- -> H2C03 -> C02 + H2O 4. The reaction shown above occurs in the capillaries of the: A. eye B. aorta C. stomach D. alveoli E. systemic circuit 5. Valves are commonly located in which of the following vessels: I. Arterial II. Lymphatic III. Venous A. I only B. II only C. III only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III

6 Which of the following are the only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs without first returning to the heart? A. Amphibians B. Birds C. Fishes D. Mammals E. Reptiles 7 Each heartbeat is initially triggered by the: A. lymph node B. sinoatrial node C. atrioventricular node D. stretch receptors E. semilunar valves 8 Tracheal systems for gas exchange are found in: A. crustaceans B. earthworms C. insects D. jellyfish E. vertebrates 9 Hydrostatic pressure in the human circulatory system would be highest in the: A. Aorta B. Vena cava C. Pulmonary vein D. Arteries of the thigh E. Veins of the upper arm 10 Which of the following is correct for a blood pressure of 130/80? I. The systolic pressure is 130. II. The diastolic pressure is 80. III. The blood pressure during heart contraction is 80. A. I only B. III only C. I and II only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III 11 The meshwork that forms the fabric of a blood clot mostly consists of which protein? A. Fibrinogen B. Fibrin C. Thrombin

D. Prothrombin E. Collagen 12 In composition, lymphatic fluid is most like: A. blood in the hepatic portal vein B. blood in the aorta C. interstitial fluid D. pure water E. seawater 13 If during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure then: A. hemoglobin will not release oxygen B. fluids will tend to accumulate in tissues C. the pH of the interstitial fluids will increase D. most carbon dioxide will be carried away from tissues bound to hemoglobin E. plasma proteins will escape through the endothelium of the capillaries 14 The tiny air sacs in mammalian lungs are called: A. alveoli B. bronchi C. capillaries D. parabronchi E. trachea 15 Which of the following are human plasma proteins? I. Fibrinogen II. Hemoglobin III. Immunoglobulin A. I only B. II only C. I and III only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III 16 The red blood cells of vertebrates are primarily manufactured in the: A. liver B. heart C. spleen D. bone marrow E. lymph nodes

17 Food and inhaled air normally both pass through which structure? A. Larynx B. Pharynx C. Esophagus D. Glottis E. Trachea 18 The phenomenon that increases the gas exchange efficiency of fish gills is the: A. counter current mechanism B. largest tidal volume of all vertebrates C. high degree of oxygen saturation in water D. back and forth movement of water to maximizes oxygen uptake E. large blood flow velocity and pressure found in some fish species 19 All of the following respiratory surfaces are associated with capillary beds EXCEPT the: A. gills of fishes B. alveoli of lungs C. tracheae of insects D. skin of earthworms E. skin of frogs 20 Which of the following occurs with the exhalation of air from human lungs? A. The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. B. The residual volume of the lungs decreases. C. The diaphragm contracts. D. The epiglottis closes. E. The rib cage expands. 21 Air flows continuously in one direction through the lungs of which animals? A. Frogs B. Birds C. Mammals D. Crocodiles E. Flying insects 22 Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported: A. As a gas dissolved in the plasma B. In the 02 binding site of hemoglobin C. As undissociated carbonic acid (H2C03) D. As carbonic anhydrase E. As bicarbonate ions

23 All the following adaptations occur in diving mammals EXCEPT: A. a large blood volume B. a large lung holding over half of its oxygen C. a high concentration of myoglobin in muscles D. an ability to shunt blood to critical areas E. an ability to derive energy from fermentation 24 Breathing is usually regulated by: A. erythropoietin levels in the blood B. the concentration of red blood cells C. hemoglobin levels in the blood D. C02, pH, and 02 sensors E. lungs and larynx Ouestions 25 - 30 refer to the diagram of the human heart shown below.

25 The structure carrying blood with the lowest pH is most likely: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 6 26 Blood returning from the lung enters the structure numbered: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

27 Structure number 6 is A. an atrioventricular valve B. an atrioventricular node C. an oxygen sensor D. a Purkinje fiber E. a Bundle of His 28 Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow? A. 1, 2, 3, 4, systemic, 7, and 5 B. 2, 5, 7, systemic, 1, 4, and 3 C. 2, 5, 7, systemic, 3, 4, and 1 D. 3, 4, 1, systemic, 7, 5, and 2 E. 7, 5, 2, systemic, 3, 4, and 1 29 The sinoatrial node is located in the structure numbered: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 E. 7 30 The Bundle of His is located in the structures numbered: A. 1 and 2 B. 3 and 7 C. 3 and 6 D. 4 and 5 E. 6 and 7 From the lists below match the term that best fits each of the following descriptions. Each term may be used more than once, but there is only one correct answer for each question. Ouestions 31 - 35 refer to the following conditions. A. atherosclerosis B. arteriosclerosis C. hypertension D. heart murmur E. hemophilia 31 High blood pressure C 32 An inherited defect in the clotting process E 33 Defect in one or more of the valves of the heart D 34 Calcification of plaques lining the inner walls of arteries B

35 Infiltration of lipids into arterial smooth muscles that proliferate abnormally A Ouestions 36 - 39 refer to the following elements A. low density lipoproteins B. immunoglobulins C. erythropoietin D. epinephrine E. platelets 36 Speeds up heart rate D 37 Part of the formed elements of the blood A or E 38 Stimulates the production of red blood cells C 39 An early participant in the clotting process E The following sets of questions refer to data, an experiment, or a situation. Select the lettered choice that best fits each question or statement. In each case there is only one correct choice. Question 40 - 42 refer to the data shown below in which the blood entering a vertebrate's capillary bed was measured for the pressures exerted by various factors. Arterial End of Capillary Bed Hydrostatic Pressure Osmotic Pressure Po2 Pco2 38 mm 26 mm 100 mm 40 mm Venous End of Capillary Bed 14 mm 26 mm 42 mm 46 mm

40 For this capillary bed, which of the following statements are correct? A. The pH is lower on the arterial side than on the venous side. B. Oxygen is taken up by the erythrocytes within the capillaries.C. The osmotic pressure remains constant due to carbon dioxide compensAtion. D. The hydrostatic pressure declines from arterial to venus sides because oxygen is lost. E. Fluids will leave the capillaries on arterial side of the bed and reenter on the venous side.

41 The site of this capillary bed could be all of the following EXCEPT A. pancreas B. muscle tissue C. medulla D. alveoli E. kidneys 42 The net pressure affecting fluid movement exerted at both the arterial and venous sides is: A.12 B. 24 C. 26 D. 52 E. 100 http://quizlet.com/2043644/learn/