Design of One Way Slabs

CE A433 RC Design T. Bart Quimby, P.E., Ph.D. Spring 2007

Definition


A One Way Slab is simply a very wide beam that spans between supports

Design for a 12 Width



When you solve for As, you are solving for As/ft width.

Beam Profile

Design variables: Thickness (h) and Reinforcing

Solving for Thickness, h



Thickness may controlled by either:

  

Shear Flexure Deflection

Thickness Based on Shear



Shear stirrups are not possible in a slab so all you have is JVc for strength.


Vu e JVc ! J 2 f cd d bw Vu du bw J 2 f cd

ACI 318-05 31811.5.6.1(a) exempts slabs from the requirement that shear reinforcement is required where ever Vu exceeds JVc/2.

Thickness Based on Flexure



Use the three equations that were presented earlier in the semester for computing bd2 for singly reinforced concrete beams, using b = 12 .


Largest beam size (based on Asmin as specified in the code) Smallest beam size (based on the steel strain being .005) Smallest beam size not likely to have deflection problems (c ~ .375cb)

Thickness Base on Deflection



We haven t covered deflection calculations yet. See ACI 318-05 9.5.2 318

You must comply with the requirements of ACI 318-05 Table 9.5(a) if you want to totally 318ignore deflections

Other Considerations


For thinner multi-span slabs, it might be useful multito put the steel at mid depth so that it can act as both positive and negative reinforcing.


Then h = d*2 See ACI 318-05 7.7.1(c) 318-

Cover requirements are a bit different



You might need to make allowance for a wear surface

Flexural Steel


Consider as a rectangular singly reinforced beam where b = 12



Mu < JAsfy(d-Asfy/(1.7f cb)) (d-

Solve for As

  

The resulting As is the req d As PER FOOT OF WIDTH. Also consider min As requirement ACI 318-05 31810.5.1 All bars can provide this As by selecting an appropriate spacing
 

Spacing = Ab/(req d As/ft width) Watch units!!!!

Spacing Limits


ACI 318-05 7.6.5 has an upper limit on 318bar spacing



S < min(3h, 18 )

The lower limit is as used in previous beam problems..



The clear distance between bars > max(1 , max aggregate size/.75)

Typical Calculation
Controlling Flexural Steel Requirement 0.294 in^2/ftw Bar Ab (in^2) #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #14 #18 0.11 0.20 0.31 0.44 0.60 0.79 1.00 1.27 1.56 2.25 4.00 db (in) 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 0.875 1.000 1.128 1.270 1.410 1.693 2.257 max s (in) 4.49 8.16 12.65 17.95 24.48 32.23 40.80 51.82 63.65 91.81 163.21 Use s (in) 4.50 8.50 13.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 Act. As (in^2/ftw) 0.293 0.282 0.286 0.293 0.400 0.527 0.667 0.847 1.040 1.500 2.667 Act d (in) 8.06 8.00 7.94 7.88 7.81 7.75 7.69 7.62 7.55 7.40 7.12 pMn (ft-k/ftw) 10.36 9.90 9.95 10.11 13.53 17.45 21.59 26.64 31.73 42.53 61.93 0.927 0.970 0.965 0.950 0.710 0.550 0.445 0.361 0.303 0.226 0.155 Mu/pMn c (in) 0.507 0.488 0.495 0.507 0.692 0.911 1.153 1.465 1.799 2.595 4.614 0.04466 0.04613 0.04510 0.04355 0.03087 0.02252 0.01699 0.01260 0.00958 0.00556 0.00163 Stl Strain

Note: Check development lengths

Temperature & Shrinkage Steel

 

ACI 318-05 7.12 318Req d As/ft width = (12 )hV )hV

 

V = 0.0020 for fy < 60 ksi V = 0.0018 for fy = 60 ksi

This steel is placed TRANSVERSE to the flexural steel. ACI 318-05 7.12.2.2 318

Spacing < min(5h,18 )

T&S Calculation

Layout
Temperature & Shrinkage Steel

Flexural Steel

Example Problem
 

Materials: f c = 3 ksi, fy = 60 ksi Imposed Loads: Live = 100 psf, Dead = 25 psf

Finding h


At this point, we have enough information to determine h using ACI 318-05 Table 3189.5a:
 

Cantilevers: h > L/10 = 24 /10 = 2.4 Main Spans: h > L/24 = 120 /28 = 4.29

We still need to check shear and flexure requirements but need more info!

Determine Loads
  

Consider only a 1 ft width of beam (b = 12 ) wLL = 100 psf = 100 plf/ft width wDL = 25 psf + weight of slab
Make a guess at a slab thickness or write the equations of shear and moment in terms of slab thickness Let s try h = 6 we will need to fix this later if it turns out to be greater.  wDL = 25 psf + (150 pcf)*.5 ft = 100 psf = 100 plf/ftw wu = 1.2(100 plf/ftw) + 1.6(100 plf/ftw) = 280 plf/ftw


An Almost Arbitrary Decision



We will place the steel at mid-depth of the slab midso that it handles both positive and negative moments


 

This means that we only need to design for the worst case moment (positive or negative) along the span. As a result, d = h/2 This is a good choice for a short relatively thin (less than 8 ) slab. This makes things pretty simple. Only have to design one set of flexural steel!

Determine Maximum Shears



Use ACI 318-05 8.3 (the slab meets the criteria!) 318to compute internal forces (or you can do a full elastic analysis) The cantilevers are exempt from 8.3 since they are statically determinant (i.e. don t meet the criteria to use 8.3)


Vu = wu*Ln = (280 plf/ftw)*(1.5 ft) = 420 lb/ftw Vu = wu*Ln/2= (280 plf/ftw)*(9 ft)/2 = 1260 lb/ftw

The two center spans are the same



Determine Req d h Based on Shear



For our choice:

   

d= d> d> h>

h/2 > Vu/[J2sqrt(f c)bw)] /[J (1260 lb/ftw)/[.75(2)sqrt(3000)(12 )] 1.28 in 2.56 in

Deflection criteria (Table 9.5a) still controls!!!

Determine Maximum Moments



Main spans: Ln = 9 ft


Can use ACI 318-05 8.3: 318ftMax positive Mu = wu*Ln2/16 = 1,418 ft-lb/ftw ft Max negative Mu = wu*Ln2/11 = 2,062 ft-lb/ftw


Cantilevers are statically determinate: Ln = 1.5 ft.



ftMu = wu*Ln2/2 = 315 ft-lb/ftw

Design for Mu = 2,062 ft-lb/ftw ft-

Select h Based on Flexure



Can use the equations derived for choosing the size of rectangular singly reinforced beams earlier in the semester.


Use b = 12 and solve for d.

Try solving the equations for both max and min size to bracket the possibilities.
 

Max size (based on min reinforcing): h = 6.41 in Min size (based on stl strain = 0.005): h = 3.40 in

Now


Make a Choice!

I choose to use h = 5 it is in the range for flexure and meets Table 9.5a deflection criteria and Shear Strength criteria Other choices that meet the limits computed are also valid No real need to go back and fix the h that our load estimate since they are close and the assumption was conservative, but can do it to refine the design if we want to.

Determine the Flexural Steel



Solve the flexural design inequality for As:

  

Mu < JAsfy(d-Asfy/(1.7*f cb)) (dAs > 0.199 in2/ftw Watch those units!!!

Also check to make sure that the minimum As is met



As > min(200,3sqrt(f c))*bwd/fy = 0.100 in2/ftw Use As > 0.199 in2/ftw

The larger value controls



Select the Flexural Steel

Use #4 @ 12 O.C.

Consider T&S Steel

   

For our case, V = 0.0018 Req d As > 0.0018(12 )(5 ) = 0.108 in2/ftw Max allowed spacing = min(18 ,5h) = 18 Compute some spacing and choose a bar:


For #3 bar:


s < 0.11 in2 / (0.108 in2/ftw) = 1.02 ft = 12.2 in ftw)

 

For #4 bar: s < 22.2 in #3 is the better choice!

use 18

Use #3 @ 12 O.C. for T&S steel

Final Design

  

Slab Thickness = 5 Longitudinal Steel = #4 @ 12 O.C. @ mid-depth midTransverse Steel = #3 @ 12 O.C.