A DSP based On-Line UPS

G. Abhi raj#1 , k. komal prakash#2 094G1A0401#1 , 094G1A0433#2, Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute

of Technology abhiraj401@gmail.com#1 , ashokvaddireddy@gmail.com#2

ABSTRACT
Many facilities such as patient health care centers, data processing systems, telecommunication rely on critical links,

passive systems provides against problems.

components. online UPS

Among the various UPS maximum any power of

protection to such loads Because

LAN servers, offices etc uninterruptible a continuous power supplies (UPS) to maintain supply of power in case of line outage. In addition to requiring power, nonlinear many loads continuous critical are

multiple power conversion stages, online UPSs have been the most complex and expensive type of systems. Todays low cost, high performance Digital Signal Processors(DSPs) provide an improved and costeffective online making facilities monitoring network facilities. solution UPS them like and for design, software remote and other management

sensitive to the incoming line transients and input harmonic distortion. protect voltage Conventional against such using large

controllable, adding some configuration

UPS systems operate to disturbances often employing

complex filtering schemes,

This paper presents the basic design and merits of using real time digital signal processing (DSP) control of UPS systems.

against of UPSs multiple have and been

power power most

blackout.However,because conversion stages, on-line complex expensive

type of systems.

Todays low cost, high performance Signal (DSPs)

INTRODUCTION: Un-interruptible power supplies (UPS) play an important role in interfacing critical loads such as computers, telecommunication links,dataprocessing systems, life supporting systems and industrial controls,e.t.c to the power grid .Among the provides various UPS maximum topologies, on line UPSs protection to such loads against any utility power problem, as it protects

Digital

Processors provide and an cost-

improved

effective solution for online UPS design.

Typical On-Line UPS: A consists typical of a UPS rectifier

supplied battery bank & a static inverter-filter system to convert a dc voltage to a sinusoidal Modern minimize ac UPS the output. systems harmonic

content of the inverter output voltage through the use of complex filtering schemes employing large passive components.

and if the number of pulses per half cycle is more, lower order harmonics will be eliminated. General Need for Pulse Width Modulation: PWM is nothing but the control of UPS inverter switching, under feedback control to realize the desired and the of the Pulses whenever signal output also to harmonic output are a & waveform minimize content voltage. generated carrier natural PWM

techniques for UPS: 1. Using Analog

devices: Analog PWM uses sampling technique, which compares a sinusoidal modulating wave form with a to triangular wave (from a time-base generator) generate pulses.

modulating signal crosses eachother.These pulses are given to thyristors and pulsating the number output of is output 2. Microprocessors: A signal interfaced digital generator with PWM is a Using of generated. Depending on pulses switching inverter is generated, frequency determined.

Width of the pulses is proportional to magnitude of the output sine wave

microprocessor.

It

instructions instruction complicated

in

one cycle, control

calculates the pulse width at every sampling instant. According generator to generates this the calculated width, the pulse pulses with a constant switching frequency.

algorithms can be executed with speed, making very high sampling rate possible for digitally controlled speed inverters. High

DSPs are now capable of executing over 30 million instructions (MIPS). per second

Then, Why DSP? Most of the Microprocessor aided UPS systems continue to depend on the analog opamp controls and they lack speed required for high frequency inverter control. Therefore, harmonics are not eliminated wave on the in the form, large output insisting

More

reasons

for

using DSPs: No offsets( installation maintenance saved) High speed DSP control allows for real time harmonic cancellation. Flexible configuration Sophisticated switching for many power sizes. analog i.e. & cost

circuitry. Thus no

output LC-filter circuit. With the availability of low costhigh performance of DSP most chips characterised by the execution

algorithm overall costs.

saving system below: in the

The

functional

block diagram is as shown

Features may be upgraded fulfill same hardware, to different incoming needs.

DSP control of UPS systems: Most electronic loads served by UPS systems are nonlinear and thus generate harmonic currents that must be filtered at the inverter output to reduce the distortion to acceptable levels. The DSP controlled UPS systems employs controlled conditioners ability adopt to to load software harmonic with the dynamically for Thus, the application of advanced signal processing using a DSP operates to provide voltages varying sinusoidal even load load under

situations,

while eliminating the need of large passive filters.

The

figure

shown

gives the basic block diagram of DSP control with PWM inverter

control circuit:

changing load conditions compensating harmonics without manual intervention.

and the result is applied to the input of PWM inverter. The mentioned above harmonic

distortion correction signal is generated in the negative feedback loop. The Digital Signal Processor detects the Description: The output of the UPS PWM inverter is sampled and converted to an rms voltage that is processed in a negative feedback loop. The actual inverter output is compared to a software rms reference value to determine the error voltage. The error voltage is then passed through a proportional integral (PI) control to eliminate any steady state errors present. The result is the necessary error signal.A compensation harmonic harmonic distortion and signal within the output voltage waveform determines the amplitude of real and imaginary parts of the harmonic components. This process will be described for the cancellation of the 5th harmonic, however, any harmonic whose frequency is below half the sampling frequency can be cancelled in the same manner. Each frame of the converted digital output from the A/D converter passes to a real and for imaginary harmonic example, component detectors the

distortion correction signal is then subtracted from the error compensation signal

phases a,b and c. For harmonic distortion waveform (Aa5)

is processed by a signal correlation function in order to detect the real and imaginary values of the 5th harmonic. This function can be written for phase a as,

of the 5th harmonic are computed by averaging the amplitude components of the three phases as shown below.

The amplitude components Where v a

(n) is

are then applied to a PI compensator to generate the to harmonic cancel The distortion harmonic resulting distortion correction signal necessary distortion from the output voltage. harmonic

the output voltage of

phase a for sometime n. The distortion signal may be represented more simply as

correction signal is then subtracted from the error Where a5r is the real component of Aa5, and a5i is the imaginary component of Aa5. Once the harmonic distortion signal (Aa5, Ab5 and Ac5) is detected by the signal correlation function, the amplitudes of the real and imaginary components the compensation signal and applied to the input of the PWM inverter to produce an output The still voltage same higher waveform free of harmonic distortion. eliminate technique can be applied to harmonics like 7th, 9th etc, below figure shows operation of UPS

without conditioner

harmonic

operating temperatures due to additional harmonic currents. Advantages DSP in UPSs: High and reliability low of using

But with all-harmonic conditioners the output enabled, voltage

dimensions: with the DSP, the of is thereby time failure and and redundant number electronic components halved, reducing processing and probability increasing reliability eliminating the use

wave is like below:

Hence, and

the

DSP

of sensors.

controlled inverter harmonic conditioners operate to provide Sinusoidal load voltages even under varying nonlinear load conditions while preventing higher

current and voltage Precision: electrical directly, guaranteeing extreme precision

the values

DSP controls the

and

stability

of

the form of clear read-out monitors, aiding taking decisions. Moreover be implemented the in control system upgrade can software, making the latest features available to any compatible UPS without changes to the hardware. them in any

output voltage and avoidance of noise due to distorting loads. Interactive communication: DSP controls the UPS in its entirety and outputs on a serial interface all the reports, automatic shutdown servers, of for supervision for

communication on a LAN network, the Internet and Intranet and for IT maintenance which is carried out without Knowing history: control operating switching the The software and

Conclusion: The conventional methods of UPS control and with using DSP, how the UPS control can be made more users friendly, its advantages are discussed in the paper. No doubt, DSPs are going to lead the market of control inverters in near future and already big players in the market like Texas Instruments, Eaton group, Intel etc are in the

the equipment off.

provides users with historical data in

arena to make use the technology in a full swing. Bibliography: (1)DSP control of highpower UPS systems feeding nonlinear loads by Annette Von Jouanne and IEEE Prasad N.Enjeti on sen.IEEE member, from transactions Industrial Electronics,Vol 43,no.1,Feb,1996. (2)Digital UPS manual signal by processing based online www.cranessoftware.com

(3)

Power

Electronics Design by & Ned

Analysis Apllications

Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins (4)Interfacing DSPs with high performance analog converters Ireland. (5)WEMPEC-25th anniversary meeting, dept.innovation Eaton Corporation. review R&D center Jim Ryan, Raheen Industrial estate,