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Computer Architecture
Storage
tower model
Battery
Power Connector
Supplies power to the motherboard.
Motherboard
Some Definitions
Integrated circuit microscopic pathway capable of carrying electric current, contain transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors that act as the gates (electronic switches). Chip small semi-conducting material that contains integrated circuit(s) (often used interchangeably with integrated circuit).
Control Unit
1. 2. 3. 4. gets instruction from memory (called fetching) translates the instruction (decoding) performs the command (executing) writes result to memory (storing)
instruction cycle
Registers
Registers are special high-speed storage locations that temporarily hold data and instructions during the machine cycle. storing location of instruction storing instruction while decoding storing data while its being processed storing results of calculation (accumulator)
011010101010101010011010101010101101101010110101011010101010101010101011010101 01010101010101011111101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101001
0110101010101010100110101010101011011010101101010110101010101010101010110 1010101010101010101011111101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101001
System Clock
generates regular pulses or ticks each tick is a clock cycle clock speed (or rate) is the speed at which a processor executes instructions Clock speeds are measured in megahertz (one million ticks per second) and gigahertz (one billion ticks per second)
Chip for Chip replace existing processor with new one Piggyback stack new processor on top of old Daughterboard circuit board which plugs into the motherboard to add capabilities
Speeding things up
Pipelining CPU begins executing a second instruction before the previous instruction has completed its machine cycle. Coprocessors additional processor chip that assists the processor in performing specific tasks. Parallel Processors Using more than one processor to divide up the work.
Heat Sinks
Binary Numbers
0110011101110111011001110110111001101011101110111010011 01010101110110111011011101101110101110110111010111011 0110111011011101011111110 0 and 1 are binary digits called bits eight bit binary numbers are bytes half of a byte (4 bits) is a nibble One byte represents 256 separate symbols or characters Characters and symbols are defined using a coding scheme like ASCII (see page 192)
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Reading Assignment:
Read 193 - 200 in Discovering Computers 2005 : Memory
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