The Bomb That Changed the World

Will Blasius, Nathan Cottrell, Alex Grove, Seth Marshall Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources

Burr, William. The Atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A Collection of Primary Sources. The National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 162. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm This primary source contained a lot of information necessary to understand the atomic bombs. It had documents that detailed the events and decisions before and after the bombings. Effect of the Atomic Bomb. Cengage Learning. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. http://college.cengage.com/history/us/resources/students/primary/atomicbomb. htm In this article I gained information on the effects on the people that lived in Hiroshima when the bomb was dropped. It also showed some ways that people died, and the effects on the people that are still living. Hale, William Harlan. After Pearl Harbor. The New Republic: A Journal of Opinion, No. 1411. Vol. 105, No 24. pp. 816-817. This primary source gave information to the American public the day after the surprise attack in Hawaii. It detailed the brilliance of the Japanese strategy. In their words: Scientists, Leaders talk about Science, the War and the Bomb. The Seattle Times Company, 1995. Web. 31 Dec. 2011. www.seattletimes.nwsource.com/special/history/supplement/quotes.html This site held direct quotes from world leaders and the pilot of the Enola Gay about the bombs. Some of these will be used on the website. McAllister, Don. Personal Interview. 23 December 2011. Mr. McAllister worked in Oak Ridge as an electrician at Y-12 during the building of the bombs. Our interview with him gave us a better understanding of the secrecy involved in the process. Peterson, E. Leif, Effects of Ionizing Radiation: Atomic Bomb Survivors and their Children. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press. 1998.

In this book I found some of the key thoughts I was looking for, such as the effects on the people that survived the dropping of the atomic bomb, how the children were without parents, and all the radiation in the atmosphere. The book gave me a lot of information to add to my paper. Stimson, H.L. The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb. Harper s Magazine. (February 1947). Web. 7 Jan. 2012. www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/ps/japan/stimson_harpers.pdf This magazine article was a very good primary source, telling many things not every one might know about the bomb. Because it was an old article, it had current information of the time.

Secondary Sources Aftermath. Effects on the People. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. www.effectsatomicbomb.blogspot.com/ This website helped me by giving me the information about how the atomic bomb made the people of Hiroshima suffer. It told how many people died in the event of dropping the bomb. Anderson, Dale. The Atomic Bomb Project. Gareth Stevens Pub. New York, NY: 2004. This was a children s book, but gave information that was simple and easy to understand. In this book, most of what I used it for was the beginning of the making of the atomic bomb. Anthony, Nathan and Gardner, Robert. The Bombing of Pearl Harbor. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2001. This secondary source contained valuable information regarding the incidents at Pearl Harbor. It also had copies of documents from Truman's diary entries and White House correspondence. A Science Odyssey. People and Discoveries. PBS.org. 1998. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp45at.html This site had less information on the science of making a bomb, but it was still very educational on the topic of atomic bombs.

Atomic Bomb. 2012 eNotes.com. Web. 18 Dec. 2011 www.enotes.com/topics/atomic-bomb

This document tells more about the introduction to the building of the atomic bomb.

Atomic Bomb Effects Cover-up. New York Times, William L. Laurence. Web. 17 Nov. 2011. www.wanttoknow.info/atomicbombcoverup This article toldabout the effects on the American government after the Atomic Bomb was dropped. The reactions were good, but not in a good way. They celebrated the ending of the war, but most people did not even care about how many thousands of innocent people died.

Bellis, Mary. History of the Atomic Bomb & the Manhattan Project. About.com Inventors. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. www.inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/atomic_bomb_2.htm. This web article told many facts about the original bomb and helped set the basis of my paper. It summarizes the events and steps it took to finally build the atomic bomb. It also talks about the testing of the bomb itself. Bomb Facts: How Nuclear Weapons are Made. Wisconsinproject.org/pubs/articles/2001. Web. 2 Jan. 2012. www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/articles/2001/bomb%20facts.htm On this site I found facts about the use of plutonium and more needed information for my paper about the building of the atomic bomb. Braw, Monica. The Atomic Bomb Suppressed. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe Inc., 1997. In this book I found out the effect in the steps leading up to the dropping of the atomic bomb. All the tests and fixes that the scientists did put them and a lot of other citizens in danger, but they did succeed and get through it. Cooper, John W. "Truman's Motivations: Using the Atomic Bomb in the Second World War. Web. 10 Dec. 2011. www.johncooper.com/papers/atomicbombtruman.html This website gave detailed information regarding Truman's motives for using the bomb on Japan. Pearl Harbor and Russia were discussed at great length, along with possible cost justifications. Cotton, Simon. Uranium Hexafluoride. Uppingham School, Rutland, UK. Web. 2 Jan.2011. www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/uf6/uf6v.htm This is a page about the chemical elements used in the atomic bomb. It helped to describe how the bomb actually works. It has a very good, color illustration of the science behind the bomb.

D'Amato, Paul. Pearl Harbor, Internment, and Hiroshima: Historical Lessons. International Socialist Review. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Civil_Liberties/PearlHarbor_internment.html This secondary source provided valuable information regarding Pearl Harbor events and the Japanese wave of racism that followed. It gave direct quotes from President Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson.

Dean, Tim. Uranium Enrichment: How to make an Atomic Bomb. Cosmos Magazine, Aug 22, 2006. Web. 4 Jan. 2012. www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/579/uranium-enrichment-how-make-atomicbomb This article tells information on how to make the atomic bomb. It describes the elements and chemical information. Effect of the Atomic Bomb. Oppapers.com/essays. Web. 2 Jan. 2012. www.oppapers.com/essays/Effects-Atomic-Bomb/15702?read_essay This website did not have as much information about the effects of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, but it did have a section that was pertaining to my topic. The information it gave me was the high temperatures Hiroshima encountered when the United States dropped the atomic bomb. Grant, Kay. Oak Ridge, the Town the Atomic Bomb Built. History.net. Weider History Group. June 1, 2010. Web. 19 Dec. 2011 www.historynet.com/oak-ridge-the-town-the-atomic-bomb-built.htm This article tells how the atomic bomb virtually built Oak Ridge, the Secret City. Grant, R.G. Why did Hiroshima happen? New York: Gareth Stevens Publishing 2011. This book contained specific details of reasons for the Japanese bombing. It had photos and documents that were important to my topic. Harack, Ben. The Science Behind Fusion Power. Nuclear Fusion Power. Nov 7, 2010. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. www.visionofearth.org/industry/fusion/the-science-behind-fusion-power/ This was the best article for the fission and fusion of molecules. It tells how the bomb works. It is a general explanation of the very complex physics. J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904 - 1967). Atomicarchive.com. Part of the National Science Digital Library. Web. 19 Dec. 2011 www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Oppenheimer.shtml

This document tells about Robert Oppenheimer, and how he helped develop the atomic bomb. It is basically a timeline of his help through the making of the bomb. Koeller, David W. The U.S. drops Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945. World History Chronology, 1996-9. Web. 01 Dec. 2011 www.thenagain.info/webchron/world/hiroshima.html This source had direct quotes from Truman and the pilots after the bomb was dropped. It also discussed Truman's reasoning for using the bombs. Long, Doug. Albert Einstein and the Atomic Bomb. Web. 29 Dec. 2011. www.doug-long.com/einstein.htm This is a website by one man who writes about Albert Einstein and his contributions to the Atomic Bomb creation. Manhattan Project Signature Facilities, X-10 Graphite Reactor, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Department of Energy. Atomicarchive.com. Web. 2 Jan. 2012 www.atomicarchive.com/History/sites/X_10.shtml This document tells how the X-10 reactor uses the neutrons made by the U25 reactor and the importance of that step towards the bomb. Melzer, Richard. Breakdown - How the secret of the bomb was stolen during World War II. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone press, 2000. This book had some interesting information in it, but what I got out of it was the effects of stealing the idea of the atomic bomb. Stealing it affected the war and the history of the world. Nuclear Fission: Basics. Atomicarchive.com. Part of the National Science Digital Library Web. 1 Jan. 2012. www.atomicarchive.com/Fission/Fission1.shtml This is another very good, simple page on the science of fission. It also has an excellent illustration of the science of how the bomb works. The illustration may be used in my report. Official U.S. history of atomic bombing Hiroshima. Naturalnews.com. Web. 2 Jan. 2012. www.naturalnews.com/019176.html This article was just a review. I mostly just looked over and checked information I have already gotten. There were some things I did get out of it, for example: how a new president had come into the mission not even knowing what an atomic bomb was, and had to make a choice to drop it on Hiroshima.

Poolos, J. The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 2008. This book had information regarding the Manhattan Project and details of the World War II. It had a useful timeline with events leading up to the bombings. Resen, Warren. The secret city: Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The Observer News, S. Hillsborough County, FL. August 3, 2010. Web. 8 Jan. 2012 www.theobservernews.com/news/trips-worth-taking/464-the-secret-city-oak-ridgetenn This article tells about the people who lived in the Oak ridge area before it was actually a city. It includes facts about how the people moved and how fast they moved to different areas. It tells how the population increased in just a matter of a month. Rhodes, Richard, The Manhattan Project. New York: Black Leventhal Publishers Inc., 2007. This book helped me with the idea of making the atomic bomb. The scientists had to have somewhere to work on it, somewhere secret. They picked Oak Ridge, TN and it affected the community when they started to move people out and demolish buildings.

Robert Oppenheimer. Soylent Communications. Web. 28 Dec. 2011. www.nndb.com/people/808/000047667/ This was a web page about the most important scientist Robert Oppenheimer, the main person associated with the invention of the atomic bomb. His work is a big part of this report.

Sanger, S.L. Working on the Bomb. Portland, OR: Continuing Education Press, 1995. From this book I searched for something on the effects of the bomb that the scientists thought before it was dropped. The effects that the scientists concluded were not close to the actual effect that the bomb had on Hiroshima. Shmoop Editorial Team. "Albert Einstein: The Atomic Bomb." Shmoop University, Inc. 11 Nov.2008. Web. 19 Dec. 2011 http://www.shmoop.com/albert-einstein/atomic-bomb.html This document has information on Albert Einstein, his importance of the making of the bomb, and the important decisions he made during the process. Sullivan, Edward. The Ultimate Weapon: The Race to Develop the Atomic Bomb. First ed. New York: Holiday House, 2007.

This book tells about the scientists who developed the bomb, the secret cities that were built, and the scientific development of the atomic bomb. It has many good pictures, and was written by a man from Oak Ridge. "The First Atomic Bomb Blast, 1945." Eyewitness to History. Web. 2 Jan. 2012. www.eyewitnesstohistory.com This secondary source gave quotes from General Groves and General Farrell in the New Mexico desert when the first atomic bomb from the Manhattan project was tested on July 16, 1945. The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Yale Law School. 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library, The Avalon Project. Web. 5 Jan. 2012 www.avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/mp07.asp. This document tells about the events that happened on the mornings of the bombings. The First Atomic Weapon. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Mar 30, 1999. Web. 21 Dec. 2011. www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Med/Lbfm.html This was a web article strictly about nuclear weapons, including the atomic bombs Fat Man (plutonium) and Little Boy (uranium), the two that were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. It has very good photos of them too. The Pacific Theatre: War in the Pacific from Pearl Harbor to Midway. Century of Flight. Web. 9 Dec. 2011 www.century-offlight.net/new site/add_ons/frames/battle_of_Pacific.htm This site had lots of photos and information regarding Pearl Harbor and the Japanese strategy useful to my topic. It also gave details about the aircrafts used in war, which was very interesting to me.

Weapons Basics. NuclearFiles.org. A project of the nuclear age peace foundation. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/basics/weaponsbasics.htm This website explained the differences of fission and fusion. Both are needed for the atomic bomb. It also had information on the chemical aftermath of the bomb.

Why did President Truman Drop the Atomic Bomb? Demand Media 2011. Web. 9 Dec. 2011. www.essortment.com/did-president-truman-drop-atomic-bomb-61496.html This site discussed Revisionist views on why Truman dropped the bomb. It

also gave information regarding possible losses of life if the bomb had not been dropped, which were useful to my topic. Why the A-bomb was dropped on Hiroshima? Hiroshima Peace Museum. Web. 8 Dec. 2011 www.hiroshima-spirit.ip/en/museum/morgue_e12.html This site gave very specific details of why Hiroshima was chosen as the bomb target. It also contained photos of the city before and after the bombing. World War 2 Atomic Bomb. 2012 World-War-2.info. Web. 5 Jan. 2012 www.world-war-2.info/atomic-bomb This document summarizes the atomic bomb dropping on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and gave a lot of information on both of them.