Part2 Outline of CCT

Coal Fired Power Generation Technologies (Combustion Technologies)

1A2. Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Technology (CFBC)

Outline of technology

1.Features The features of circulating fluidized bed boiler are described below. 1)Wide range of fuel adaptability Conventional boilers for power generation can use only fossil fuel such as high grade coal, oil, and gas. The CFBC also uses low grade coal, biomass, sludge, waste plastics, and waste tire as fuel. 2)Low pollution Emissions of pollutants such as NOx and SOx are significantly decreased without adding special environment measures. For the case of fluidized bed boiler, the desulfurization is intrafurnace desulfurization using mainly limestone as the fluidizing material. For the denitration, ordinary boilers operate at combustion temperatures from 1,400 C to 1,500 C, and the circulating
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NOx depending on temperature) are suppressed. In addition, the operation of circulating fluidized bed boiler is conducted by twostage combustion: the reducing combustion at the fluidized bed section; and the oxidizing combustion at the freeboard section. Then, the unburnt carbon is collected by a high temperature cyclone located at exit of the boiler to recycle to the boiler, thus increasing the denitration efficiency. 3)High combustion efficiency High combustion efficiency is attained by excellent combustion mechanism of circulating fluidization mode. 4)Space saving and high maintenance ability Space saving is attained because there is no need of separate desulfurization unit, denitration unit, and fuel finely crashing unit. Accordingly, sections of trouble occurrence become few, and maintenance becomes easy.

fluidized bed boiler operates at lower temperatures ranging from 850 C to 900 C so that the thermal NOx emissions (generated
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2.Outline of technology Figure 1 shows a typical process flow of CFBC

Generated steam Coal Limestone Flue gas Boiler feed water Secondary air Primary air Electric precipitator Heat recovery section ID fan Stack
Air preheater Boiler feed water heater Hot cyclone CFBC boiler body

Circulating fluidized bed furnace

Cyclone

Ash storage tank

Fig.1 Process flow of circulating fluidized bed boiler

Figure 2 shows rough structure of CFBC.

Generally CFBC is The

structured by the boiler and the high temperature cyclone.

Fig.2 Schematic drawing of CFBC structure

intrafurnace gas velocity is as high as 4 to 8 m/s. Coarse fluidizing medium and char in the flue gas are collected by the high temperature cyclone, and are recycled to the boiler. The recycle maintains the bed height and increases the denitration efficiency. To 3.Study site and application field Photograph 1 shows overview of the CFBC boiler facilities. The CFBC became popular mainly as coal fired boilers. Recently, however, CFBC using RDF and wood-base biomass as the fuel has drawn attention. Typical applications of coal fired biogas are Tamashima plant (70 t/h) of Kuraray Co., Ltd, Chiba worksoil refinery (300 t/h) of Idemitsu Kosan 4.Study period Most of the technologies of circulating normal pressure fluidized bed boiler (CFBC) are introduced into Japan from abroad beginning from around 1986. 5.Progress and result of the development The CFBC was introduced from abroad as the coal fired boiler, and is used in power companies, iron making companies, paper making companies, and other sectors. The CFBC is planned to distribute in China under the Green Aid Plan (GAP). The issues
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increase the thermal efficiency, a preheater for fluidizing air and combustion air, and a boiler feed water heater are installed. Most of the boiler technologies are introduced from abroad: mainly from Foster Wheeler, Lurgi, Steinmuller, ALSTOM, and Babcock & Wilcox.

Co., Ltd., and Isa plant (210 t/h) of Ube Industries, Ltd. Example of RDF fired boiler is Tomakomai plant of Sanix Inc. As for the biomass fuel, mixed combustion with coal is adopted for decrease of CO2 emission.

Photo 1 CFBC appearance

of CFBC include further investigations of and efforts for initial cost and power generation efficiency in the boilers using fuel such as RDF, industrial waste, and wood-base biomass.