Demographics of Vietnam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the demographic features of the population of Vietnam, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Originating in what is now southern China and northern Vietnam, the Vietnamese people pushed southward over two millennia to occupy the entire eastern seacoast of the Indochinese Peninsula. Ethnic Vietnamese, or Viet (known officially as Kinh), live in the lowlands and speak the Vietnamese language. This group dominates much of the cultural and political landscape of Vietnam.

Contents
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1 Population [1] o 1.1 UN estimates 2 Vital statistics [1] o 2.1 UN estimates of births and deaths o 2.2 Birth, death and fertility rates 3 Ethnic groups 4 Language 5 Religions 6 CIA World Factbook demographic statistics o 6.1 Sex ratio o 6.2 Life expectancy at birth o 6.3 Literacy 7 Sources 8 References 9 See also

[edit] Population
[edit] UN estimates[1]
Total Population aged 0-14 Population aged 15-64 Population aged 65+ population (%) (%) (%) 28 264 31.9 63.9 4.2

1950

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

31 329 35 173 39 885 44 928 49 896 54 023 60 307 67 102 74 008 78 758 83 161 87 848

35.6 40.1 44.1 44.2 42.9 40.7 39.4 38.0 36.5 32.1 27.3 23.6

60.1 55.5 51.3 50.9 52.3 54.3 55.7 57.0 58.4 62.3 66.8 70.4

4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.6 5.9 6.0

[edit] Vital statistics

[edit] UN estimates of births and deaths [1]
Period 19501955 19551960 19601965 19651970 19701975 19751980 19801985 19851990 19901995 19952000 2000Live births per year 1 335 000 1 533 000 1 732 000 1 798 000 1 853 000 1 797 000 1 952 000 2 000 000 1 929 000 1 448 000 1 392 000 Deaths per year 722 000 764 000 790 000 790 000 859 000 760 000 630 000 574 000 484 000 441 000 425 000 Natural change CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1 per year 613 000 769 000 942 000 1 009 000 994 000 1 036 000 1 322 000 1 425 000 1 444 000 1 007 000 967 000 44.8 46.1 46.2 42.4 39.1 34.6 34.1 31.4 27.3 19.0 17.2 24.2 20.6 23.0 23.1 21.0 25.2 18.6 23.8 18.1 21.0 14.6 20.0 11.0 23.1 9.0 22.4 6.9 20.4 5.8 13.2 5.3 11.9 6.20 157.9 6.76 143.7 7.33 130.3 7.38 117.8 7.15 118.4 5.89 4.93 3.96 3.23 2.18 1.93 97.6 70.0 54.8 37.9 29.2 23.1

2005 20052010
1

1 472 000

448 000

1 024 000

17.2

5.2 12.0

1.89

20.4

CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

[edit] Birth, death and fertility rates

Crude birth rate Crude death rate Natural change (per 1000) (per 1000) (per 1000) 18.6 5.1 13.5 19.0 5.8 13.2 17.5 5.8 11.7 19.2 5.4 13.8 18.6 5.3 13.3 17.4 5.3 12.1 16.9 5.3 11.6 16.7 5.3 11.4 17.6 6.8 10.8 17.1 6.8 10.3 Total fertility rate (children per woman) 2.25 2.28 2.12 2.23 2.11 2.09 2.07 2.08 2.03 2.00

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Figures for 2010 are preliminary[2].

[edit] Ethnic groups

See also: List of ethnic groups in Vietnam The Vietnamese government recognizes 54 ethnic groups, of which the Viet (Kinh) is the largest; according to official Vietnamese figures (1999 census), ethnic Vietnamese account for 86% of the nation's population. The ethnic Vietnamese inhabit a little less than half of Vietnam, while the ethnic minorities inhabit the majority of Vietnam's land (albeit the least fertile parts of the country). The Khmer Krom are found in the delta of the Mekong River, in the south of Vietnam, where they form in many areas the majority of the rural population. They live in an area which was previously part of Cambodia and which Vietnam conquered in the 17th and 18th centuries. Official Vietnamese figures put the Khmer Krom at 1.3 million people. However, estimates vary from 1.1 to 7 million. Vietnam's approximately 1 million ethnic Chinese, constitute one of Vietnam's largest minority groups. Long important in the Vietnamese economy, Vietnamese of Chinese ancestry have been active in rice trading, milling, real estate, and banking in the south and shopkeeping, stevedoring, and mining in the north. Restrictions on economic activity following reunification in 1975 and

the subsequent but unrelated general deterioration in Vietnamese-Chinese relations sent chills through the Chinese-Vietnamese community. The relation between China and Vietnam also declined in this period, with Vietnam siding with the Soviet Union against China in the Chinese-Soviet split. Tensions peaked when Vietnam invaded Cambodia, an ally of China, to depose Pol Pot, resulting in a Chinese invasion of Vietnam in 1979. In 1978-79, some 450,000 ethnic Chinese left Vietnam by boat as refugees (many officially encouraged and assisted) or were expelled across the land border with China. However in recent years the government has performed an about turn and is encouraging overseas Hoa to return and invest. The central highland peoples commonly termed Degar or Montagnards (mountain people) comprise two main ethnolinguistic groups--Malayo-Polynesian and MonKhmer. About 30 groups of various cultures and dialects are spread over the highland territory. Other minority groups include the Cham--remnants of the once-mighty Champa Kingdom, conquered by the Vietnamese in the 15th century, Hmong, and Tai ("Thi").

Population of Vietnam according to ethnic group 1989-2009 census 1989 [3] census 1999 [4] census 2009 [5] Ethnic Language group family Number % Number % Number % Kinh Vietic 56,101,583 87.1 65,795,748 86.2 73,594,427 85.7 Ty Tai-Kadai 1,145,235 1.8 1,477,514 1.9 1,626,392 1.9 Thai Tai-Kadai 992,809 1.5 1,328,725 1.7 1,550,423 1.8 M ng Vietic 874,195 1.4 1,137,515 1.5 1,268,963 1.5 Khmer Mon-Khmer 872,382 1.4 1,055,174 1.4 1,260,640 1.5 Mong Hmong-Dao 787,604 1.0 1,068,189 1.2 Nng Tai-Kadai 696,305 1.1 856,412 1.1 968,800 1.1 Hoa Chinese 961,702 1.5 862,371 1.1 823,071 1.0 Dao Hmong-Dao 620,538 0.81 751,067 0.87 Gia Rai Malayo-Polynesian 317,557 0.42 411,275 0.48 Malayo-Polynesian 270,348 0.35 331,194 0.39 Ba Na Mon-Khmer 174,456 0.23 227,716 0.27 X ng Mon-Khmer 127,148 0.17 169,501 0.20 Sn Chay Tai-Kadai 147,315 0.19 169,410 0.20 C Ho Mon-Khmer 128,723 0.17 166,112 0.19 Ch m Malayo-Polynesian 132,873 0.17 161,729 0.19 Sn Du Chinese 126,237 0.17 146,821 0.17 Ra Glai Malayo-Polynesian 96,931 0.13 122,245 0.14 M'Nng Mon-Khmer 92,451 0.12 102,741 0.12

Xting Mon-Khmer Bru-Vn Ki u Mon-Khmer Th Vietic Kh M Mon-Khmer Hr Mon-Khmer C Tu Mon-Khmer Giy Tai-Kadai Gi Tring Mon-Khmer T i Mon-Khmer M Mon-Khmer Co Mon-Khmer Ch Ro Mon-Khmer Xinh Mun Mon-Khmer Chu Ru Malayo-Polynesian Lao Tai-Kadai Khng Mon-Khmer La Ch Tai-Kadai H Nh Tibeto-Burman La H Tibeto-Burman La Ha Tai-Kadai P Th n Hmong-Dao Ch t Vietic L Tai-Kadai Ph L Tibeto-Burman M ng Mon-Khmer C Lao Tai-Kadai B Y Tai-Kadai L L Tibeto-Burman C ng Tibeto-Burman Ngi Chinese Si La Tibeto-Burman Pu Po Tai-Kadai R M m Mon-Khmer Bru Mon-Khmer u Mon-Khmer Foreigners Others 2,767,512 4.3 Total 64,411,713

66,788 0.09 55,559 0.07 68,394 0.09 56,542 0.07 113,111 0.15 50,458 0.07 49,098 0.06 30,243 0.04 34,960 0.05 33,338 0.04 27,766 0.04 22,567 0.03 18,018 0.02 14,978 0.02 11,611 0.02 10,272 0.01 10,765 0.01 17,535 0.02 6,874 0.01 5,686 0.01 5,569 0.01 3,829 0.01 4,964 0.01 9,046 0.01 2,663 0.00 1,865 0.00 1,864 0.00 3,307 0.00 1,676 0.00 4,841 0.01 840 0.00 705 0.00 352 0.00 313 0.00 301 0.00 39,532 0.05 1,333 0.0 76,323,173

85,436 0.10 74,506 0.09 74,458 0.09 72,929 0.08 63,012 0.07 61,588 0.07 58,617 0.07 50,962 0.06 43,886 0.05 41,405 0.05 33,817 0.04 26,855 0.03 23,278 0.03 19,314 0.02 14,928 0.02 13,840 0.02 13,158 0.02 10,923 0.01 9,651 0.01 8,177 0.01 6,811 0.01 6,022 0.01 5,601 0.01 5,535 0.01 3,700 0.00 2,636 0.00 2,273 0.00 2,218 0.00 2,029 0.00 1,035 0.00 709 0.00 687 0.00 436 0.00 397 0.00 376 0.00 2,134 0.00 82,942 0.0 85,846,997

[edit] Language
Vietnamese is the official language of the country. It is a language pertaining to the Austroasiatic language family, a language family also including Khmer, Mon, etc. Vietnamese was spoken by 65.8 million people in Vietnam at the 1999 census. Another 1.6 million Vietnamese speakers are found outside of Vietnam. Thus Vietnamese is the most spoken language of the Austroasiatic family, being spoken by three times more people than the second most spoken language of the family, Khmer. Both languages, however, are extremely different: under the influence of Chinese, Vietnamese has become a tonal language, while Khmer has remained non-tonal. Vietnamese was heavily influenced by Chinese and a great part of the Vietnamese vocabulary is Chinese, while Khmer was heavily influenced by Sanskrit and Pali and a great part of its vocabulary is now made up of Indian words, so that both languages look very dissimilar on the surface. Since the early 20th century, the Vietnamese have used a Romanized script introduced by the French. (See Vietnamese language).

[edit] Religions
[6][7][8][9][10]

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Buddhism, 85%[11][12] o Secular/triple religion, 80% o Hoa Hao, 3% o Theravada Buddhism, 2% Christianity, 8% o Roman Catholic, 7% o Protestant, 1% Cao Dai, 3% Other religions, 4%

[edit] CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

[edit] Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 1564 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

[edit] Life expectancy at birth

total population: 71.33 years male: 68.52 years female: 74.33 years (2008 est.)

[edit] Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94% (2004 consensus) male: 96.9% female: 91.9% (2012)