Physics 212

Lecture 26: Lenses

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 1

Music
Who is the Artist? A) B) C) D) E) Ramblin Jack Elliott Arlo Guthrie Pete Seeger Phil Ochs U. Utah Phillips

Why? Last time I had to talk about circles & arrows 46th anniversary of Arlo being arrested for litterin after Thanksgiving See the movie !!
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 2

Your Comments
This stuff is so hard!!!! Thank you for easier concepts at the very end of the semester. Always differing opinions??

I just don't know what is virtual image? We can't see it right? I felt like there were a lot of different versions of the magnification and lense equations shown on the prelecture. Which one should we use?

YOU CAN !! Just look in the mirror There are only two equations! They work for both lenses and mirrors You do have to know the CONVENTIONS We will discuss systems of lenses and the human eye in Lecture 28 If you put this comment on the power point I will give you a box of girl scout cookies... You know you want some thin mints. TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY is all i can think of. HAPPY Thanksgiving EVERYone!!!!!.
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 3

I want to discuss light diffraction and what

happens when 2 or 3 converging lenses are placed in front of one another.? how does this apply to glasses? Did you know I was able to bend my self into a convergent lens and make myself completely clear so I could refract light to a focal point? I made a spectacle of myself.

Remember: Deadline for signing up for conflict is Tomorrow 10pm!

Refraction
Snells Law n1sin(1) = n2sin(2) 1 n1 n2 2

Thats all of the physics everything else is just geometry!

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 4

air

water

i
glass

i 2
Case II

1.3

glass
1.5

2
Case I

1.5

In Case I light in air heads toward a piece of glass with incident angle i In Case II, light in water heads toward a piece of glass at the same angle. In which case is the light bent most as it enters the glass?

I or II or Same
(A) (B) (C) The angle of refraction in BIGGER for the water glass interface:

n1sin(1) = n2sin(2)

sin(2)/sin(1) = n1/n2
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 5

Therefore the BEND ANGLE (1 2) is BIGGER for air glass interface

Checkpoint 2
What happens to the focal length of a converging lens when it is placed under water? A. increases B. decreases C. stays the same

The rays are bent more from air to glass than from water to glass Therefore, the focal length in air is less than the focal length in water

We can see this also from Lensmakers Formula

50 40 30 20 10 0

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 6

Object Location
Light rays from sun bounce off object and go in all directions
Some hits your eyes

We know objects location by where rays come from.

We will discuss eyes in lecture 28

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 7

Waves from object are focused by lens

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 8

Two Different Types of Lenses

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 9

Converging Lens: Consider the case where the shape of the lens is
such that light rays parallel to the axis of the mirror are all focused to a common spot a distance f behind the lens:

f
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 10

Recipe for finding image:

1) Draw ray parallel to axis refracted ray goes through focus 2) Draw ray through center refracted ray is symmetric

object

f
image

You now know the position of the same point on the image
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 11

S > 2f

image is: real inverted smaller

Example
1 1 1 + = S S f
S M = S

object

f
image

f>0 S>0 S > 0

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 12

S=f
image is: at infinity

Example
1 1 1 + = S S f
S M = S

object

f>0

S>0
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 13

Example
0<S<f
image is: virtual upright bigger image

1 1 1 + = S S f
S M = S

f
object

S>0 S < 0

f>0
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 14

Diverging Lens: Consider the case where the shape of the lens is
such that light rays parallel to the axis of the lens all diverge but appear to come from a common spot a distance f in front of the lens:

f
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 15

Example
image is: virtual upright smaller

1 1 1 + = S S f
S M = S

object

image

f<0 S>0 S<0

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 16

Executive Summary - Lenses:

S > 2f 2f > S > f
real inverted smaller real inverted bigger virtual upright bigger

converging

f >S>0

1 1 1 + = S S f

S M = S

S >0

virtual upright smaller

diverging

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 17

Its always the same:

1 1 1 + = S S f

S M = S

You just have to keep the signs straight:

The sign conventions

S: positive if object is upstream of lens S : positive if image is downstream of lens f: positive if converging lens

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 18

Checkpoint 1a

A B C D

Image on screen

60

s > 0
s M = <0 s

MUST BE REAL

50 40 30 20

MUST BE INVERTED

10 0

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 19

Checkpoint 1b

A converging lens is used to project the image of an arrow onto a screen as shown above. A piece of black tape is now placed over the upper half of the lens. Which of the following is true? A. Only the lower half of the object (i.e. the arrow tail) will show on the screen B. Only the upper half of the object (i. e. the arrow head) will show on the screen C. The whole object will show on the screen

The rays transmitting the head of the arrow will be blocked so only the tail of the arrow will be shown. the image inverts itself, and thus blocking the top half of the lens would block the bottom half of the source

50 40 30 20

The brightness of the image will be halved because half of 10 the rays from each point on the object to each point on the 0 image are blocked, but the whole image will still be there. Physics 212

Lecture 26, Slide 20

object

image

Cover top half of lens Light from top of object

object

image

Cover top half of lens Light from bottom of object

Whats the Point? The rays from the bottom half still focus The image is there, but it will be dimmer !!
A converging lens is used to project the image of an arrow onto a screen as shown above. A piece of black tape is now placed over the upper half of the lens. Which of the following is true? A. Only the lower half of the object (i.e. the arrow tail) will show on the screen B. Only the upper half of the object (i. e. the arrow head) will show on the screen Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 21 C. The whole object will show on the screen

Calculation
A magnifying glass is used to read the fine print on a document. The focal length of the lens is 10mm. At what distance from the lens must the document be placed in order to obtain an image magnified by a factor of 5 that is NOT inverted?

Conceptual Analysis Lens Equation: 1/s + 1/s = 1/f Magnification: M = -s/s Strategic Analysis Consider nature of image (real or virtual?) to determine relation between object position and focal point Use magnification to determine object position

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 22

A magnifying glass is used to read the fine print on a document. The focal length of the lens is 10mm. At what distance from the lens must the document be placed in order to obtain an image magnified by a factor of 5 that is NOT inverted?

Is the image real or virtual?

(A) REAL (B) VIRTUAL
A virtual image will be upright

A real image would be inverted

h f h

h f

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 23

A magnifying glass is used to read the fine print on a document. The focal length of the lens is 10mm. At what distance from the lens must the document be placed in order to obtain an image magnified by a factor of 5 that is NOT inverted?

How does the object distance compare to the focal length?

(A)

s< f

(B)

s = f

(C)

s > f

Lens equation

1 1 1 = s f s

s =
Virtual Image s < 0 Real object s > 0 Converging lens f > 0

fs s f

s f <0
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 24

A magnifying glass is used to read the fine print on a document. The focal length of the lens is 10mm. At what distance from the lens must the document be placed in order to obtain an image magnified by a factor of 5 that is NOT inverted?

s =

fs s f

What is the magnification M in terms of s and f?

(A) M =
Lens equation:

s f f

(B) M =

f s f

(C) M =

f s f

(D) M =

f s f

Magnification equation:

1 1 1 = f s s

s M = s
h h

fs s = s f

M=

f s f

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 25

A magnifying glass is used to read the fine print on a document. The focal length of the lens is 10mm. At what distance from the lens must the document be placed in order to obtain an image magnified by a factor of 5 that is NOT inverted?

f M= s f

(A) 1.7mm

(B) 6mm

(C) 8mm

(D) 40 mm

(E) 60 mm

M = +5 f = +10 mm
M= f s f

( M 1) s= f
M
h h

s=

4 f = 8 mm 5

s = sM = 40 mm

f
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 26

Follow Up
Suppose we replace the converging lens with a diverging lens with focal length of 10mm. If we still want to get an image magnified by a factor of 5 that is NOT inverted, how does the object sdiv compare to the original object distance sconv?

(A) sdiv < sconv

EQUATIONS
M= f s f

(B) sdiv = sconv

(C) sdiv > sconv

(D) sdiv doesnt exist

PICTURES
s= f M 1 M

h h s f s

M = +5 f = 10 mm

4 s = f = 8 mm 5

s negative not real object

Draw the rays: s will always be smaller than s Magnification will always be less than 1
Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 27

Follow Up
Suppose we replace the converging lens with a diverging lens with focal length of 10mm.
M=

What is the magnification if we place the object at s = 8mm?

f s f

(A) M =

1 2

(B) M = 5

(C)

M =

3 8

(D)

M=

5 9

(E)

M=

4 5

EQUATIONS
M= f s f

PICTURES

s = 8 mm
f = 10 mm

10 10 5 M = = = 8 (10) 18 9

h h f

Physics 212 Lecture 26, Slide 28