InternationalUniversityofAfrica

FacultyofMedicine
EndocrineandMetabolismExamination
Batches(12)Medicaland(3)DentistryStudents

Date: 05/02/2011

Coordinator

Prof.AbuzaidAttaalmanan

Prof.MohamedYousifSuker

Prof.KhalidEltom

Time:3hours

EXAMINERS:
Dr.AtifHassanKhirelsied

Dr.OsmanMohamedElshiekh
Dr.ShawgiOsmanHarby

Dr.MohammedAlImam
Dr.FatmaElsamani

Section (1): In the answer sheet provided, encircle the letter corresponding to the ONE best
or correct answer.
1. Amancomplainedofpassinglargeamountsofurine.Heismostlikelysufferingfromwhichofthe
following?
a. Renaldisease.
b. Diabetesmellitus
c. Hyperosmoticdiuresis
d. Lesionoftheanteriorpituitary
e. Alesionofthehypothalamus

2. Thehypothalamichormonesincludewhichofthefollowing?
a. GnRH
b. FSH
c. GHRH
d. TSH
e. Oxytocin

3. Thecontrolofthyroidhormonereleasedependsonwhichofthefollowing?
a. Thyroglobulinconcentration
b. Thyroidstimulatinghormone
c. Iodinepump
d. DeiodinationofT4
e. MITDITcoupling

4. Theeffectsofinsulinincludewhichofthefollowing?
a. Increasedlipogenesis
b. Increasedglycogenolysis
c. Increasedgluconeogenesis
d. Decreasedpotassiumlevels
e. Releaseofglucosefromtheliver

5. Stimulantsofglucagonreleaseincludewhichofthefollowing?
a. Insulin
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Somatostatin
d. Aproteinmeal
e. Alfareceptorstimulation

6. Actionsofcortisolincludewhichofthefollowing?
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Increasingthecardiacoutput
c. Decreasingthebloodpressure
d. Decreasinggluconeogenesis
e. Proteinsynthesis

7. Theovulatoryphaseofthemenstrualcycleischaracterizedby:
a. HighFSH
b. HighLH
c. Highprogesterone
d. Risingoestrogenlevels
e. Fallingprogesteronelevels

8. Thecorpusleutumsecretes
a. Progesterone
b. Oestradiol
c. Relaxin
d. Inhibin
e. Progesteroneandoestrogen

9. Thepituitarybloodsupplycomesfrom:
a. Theauxiliaryartery
b. Thehepaticartery
c. Thelymphaticartery
d. Theinternalcarotidartery
e. Thefemoralartery

10. Whichofthefollowingistrueconcerningtheleftadrenalgland?
a. Itextendsbehindtheinferiorvenacava
b. Itisseparatedfromtheleftkidneybythepararenalfat
c. Itsveindrainsintotheleftrenalvein
d. Itisusuallylocatedintraperitonealy
e. Themedullaisinnervatedbypostganglionicsympatheticnervefibers

11. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningtherightsuprarenalgland?
a. Itisrelatedtothespleen
b. Itissuppliedbybranchfromtheaorta
c. Itsveindrainsintotheportalvein
d. Thecortexisinnervatedbysacralnerves
e. Itisusuallylocatedonthelowerpoleoftherightkidney

12. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningtheadrenalgland?
a. Itoriginatesfromanendoderm
b. Itscortexhasectodermalorigin
c. Itsmedullaarisesfromtheneuralcrestcells
d. Itscortexarisesfromtheneuralectoderm
e. Bothmedullaandcortexhavesimilarembryonicorigin

13. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningthepancreas?
a. Ithasmucoussecretion
b. Itliesbelowthetranspyloricplane
c. Itisposteriorlyrelatedtostomackh
d. Itsheaddevelopsfromthehindgut
e. Itsbodydevelopsfromtheventralpancreaticbud

14. Thetesticularcellsincludeallofthefollowingexceptwhichone?
a. Leydigcells
b. Sertolicells
c. Spermatogoniacells
d. Undifferentiatedstemcell
e. Gobletcells

15. Arteriathyroideaimaarteryisabranchof:
a. Aorta
b. Externalcarotid
c. Internalcarotid
d. Subclavianartery
e. Axillaryartery

16. Theparathyroidglandcontainswhichofthefollowingcelltype?
a. Follicularcells
b. Parafollicularcells
c. Chiefcells
d. Betacells
e. Parietalcells

17. Whichofthefollowingpathwaysisactiveduringfastingcondition?
a. Glycogenesis.
b. Glycogenolysis.
c. Gluconeogenesis.
d. Lipolysis.
e. Fattyacidoxidation.

18. Insulindependenttissues/organsinclude:
a. Liver.
b. Kidneys.
c. Brain.
d. Spleen.
e. Muscles.

19. WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionofapolipoproteins?
a. Theyactascoenzymes.
b. Theyareinvolvedinthestructureoflipoproteins.
c. Theyactasligandsforbindingreceptorsontheliver.
d. Theyparticipateinthetransferoflipidbetweenlipoproteins.
e. Theytransfercholesterolfromtheextrahepatictissuestotheliver.

20. WhichofthefollowinghormonesactivatestheHormoneSensitiveLipase:
a. Insulin.
b. Prolactin.
c. Calcitriol.
d. Epinephrine.
e. Growthhormone.

21. Sidechaincleavageofcholesteroldirectlygivesriseto:
a. Cortisol
b. Estradiol
c. Aldosterone
d. Pregnenolone
e. Progesterone

22. Tyrosineformsallofthefollowingcompoundsexcept:
a. Thyroxine
b. Epinephrine
c. Norepinephrine
d. Phenylalanine
e. Triiodothyronine

23. Duringhyperglycemiaofdiabetesmellitusapatientismorelikelyto:
a. storemorefat.
b. develophypokalemia
c. havelessproteinbreakdown.
d. haveahighlevelofketoacids.
e. usemoreglucoseasanenergysource.

24. Whichofthefollowingisexpectedinapatientwithatumorintheadrenalzonaglomerulosa?
a. increaseddehydration
b. increasedketoacidosis
c. increasedbloodsodiumlevels
d. increasedbloodglucoselevels
e. decreasedbloodcalciumlevels

25. Adipocyteshaveanendocrinefunctionandsecreteallofthefollowingexceptwhichone?
a. Resistin
b. Leptin
c. Interleukin6
d. Somatostatin
e. Adiponectin

26. ThemechanismofsignaltransductionoftypeIIhormoneinvolveswhichofthefollowing?
a. Activationofcertainintracellularproteins.
b. Increasedmetabolicrateinthetargetorgan.
c. IncreasedsynthesisofGproteinsinthetargetcell.
d. Increasedexpressionofcertaingenesinthetargetcell.
e. Bindingofthehormonetospecificintracellularreceptors.

27. Whichofthefollowinghormonesistransportedinthebloodboundtocarriermolecules?
a. ACTHandprolactin
b. OxytocinandADH
c. Steroidandthyroidhormones
d. Epinephrineandnorepinephrine
e. Peptidehormonesandcatecholamines

28. Increasedbloodcalciumlevelswouldresultinanincreased:
a. Secretionofcalcitonin
b. Activityofthepituitarygland
c. Secretionofparathyroidhormone
d. Retentionofcalciumbythekidneys
e. Osteoclastactivitytoreleasemorecalcium

29. Apatientexhibitsthesignsandsymptomsofelevatedbloodpressure,elevatedbloodglucose,
muscleweakness,poorwoundhealing,thinarmsandlegs.Whatisthemostprobablediagnosis?
a. Myxedema.
b. Cushingsdisease
c. AddisonsDisease.
d. GravesDisease.
e. Pheochromocytoma.

30. ProteinsisolatedfrombacteriathatcatalyzespecificcleavageofDNAare:
a. Restrictionenzymes
b. Bacteriophageenzymes
c. Plasmids
d. Methylatingenzymes
e. Telomerases


Section(2):Usetheanswersheetprovidedtotick()fortrueor(X)forfalseforeach
statementsgiveninthefollowingquestions.
1. Pituitaryadenomamaybe:
a. Nullcelladenoma
b. Cortisolproducingadenoma
c. Growthhormonecelladenoma
d. Thyroxineproducingadenoma
e. Mixedgrowthhormoneprolactinadenoma

2. Diabetesinsipidusis:
a. ADHexcess
b. ADHdeficiency
c. Characterizedbypoluria
d. Characterizedbydysuria
e. Possiblyaresultofheadinjury

3. Whichofthesedisordersis/areassociatedwithhyperthyroidism?
a. Gravesdisease
b. Thyroidadenoma
c. Subacutethyroditis
d. Papillarycarcinoma
e. LonglastingHashimotothyroditis

4. Hashimotothyroditisis
a. Aviralinfection
b. Abacterialinfection
c. Anautoimmunedisease
d. Usuallyassociatedwithhyperthyroidism
e. Usuallyassociatedwithhypothyroidism

5. Cretinisim
a. Ishyperthyroidism
b. Ishypothyroidism
c. Occursininfancy
d. Occursinchildhood
e. Occursinadulthood

6. Triiodothyronine(T3):
a. Istheprimaryinactivemetaboliteofthyroxine
b. HashigheraffinityforTBGthandoesthyroxine.
c. Isdecreasedinpersonssufferingfromstarvation.
d. Isthepredominantsecretoryproductofthethyroid.
e. Isthemajorformofthethyroidhormoneboundtoreceptors.

7. Bloodfromamarathonrunnerneartheendofaracewillcontainwhichofthefollowing?
a. Increasedglycerol
b. Decreasedinsulin.
c. Increasedglucagon.
d. Increasedfreefattyacids.
e. Increasedketonebodies.

8. Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueregardinguricacid
a. ItishighlysolubleatlowpHofblood
b. Itiselevatedinbloodofpatientswithgout
c. Itisdecreasedinbloodofpatientswithrenalfailure.
d. Itistheendproductofpurinenucleotideincatabolism.
e. Itisserumleveldecreaseswithallopurinoltherapy.

9. Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueaboutlactoseoperon
a. ItislactosedependentmechanismofDNAreplication.
b. ItamodelforregulationofgeneexpressioninProkaryotes
c. IsaclusterofDNAsegmentsthataretranscribedtogether
d. Containsgenesthatencodeenzymesoflactosecatabolism
e. Itisaseriesofenzymaticreactionthatproducelactoseinbacteria

10. Whichofthefollowingmoleculesis/arerequiredforthedenovosynthesisofpurinenucleotides?
a. Glycine
b. SuccinylCoA
c. Glutamicacid
d. Asparagines
e. CO2

Section(III):Answerallofthefollowingquestions.
Question

(1)

A. Writedownthreemanifestationsofdiabetesmellitusandgivethephysiologicalexplanationofeach
1.

2.

3.

B. Writedowntwomechanismsforthereleaseofaldosterone
1.

2.

C. Selectonestresshormoneandgivethreeofitsusefuleffects
Thehormone
Itseffect
1.
2.
3.

Question

(2)

Writedownthreereactions/pathwaysthatproduceAcetylCoA
1.

2.

3.

D. WhatarethepossiblepathwaysthatutilizeacetylCoAintheliver?
1.

2.

3.

E. Mentionfourcharacteristicsofthegeneticcode.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Question

(3).

Writeshortnoteaboutthehistologyanddevelopment(Embryology)oftheadrenalgland.