CITY OF JOY-KOLKATA

Kolkata Bird View

Every City has its own colour and significance. A citys identity is created not only from its infrastructure , geographical location or climatic condition but also from its people, culture, strong values and ethics. Like many cities Kolkata is one of the city which has its own vibrancy ,liveliness and flavour .Take few names such as Mohan Bagan Football club ,Roshogulla, Fish Curry(maccher Jhol) ,Victoria memorial , Howrah Bridge ,Kolkata Knight Riders, Saurav Ganguly, Satyajit Ray, Vivekananda, First Indian metro train, Hand-Rikshaw, Anand bazaar patrika, noble prize winner Rabindranath Tagore and Amartya Sen These all names defines Kolkata-The First British Capital of India.

Why Kolkata as our choice?

-Kolkata has influenced us in many ways. Its History, Food, Festivals , Culture, film ,dance ,music ,poetry, People, Art has largely inspired us to be the part of the city through this essay. The City carries both modernity and traditional trends which is attracting us to know about the city more. Through this essay we are trying to bring out the Kolkata as much as possible.

Introduction:Kolkata a city which has been an important contributor of Indias Growth and Development and this city which has undergone many ups and down and seen

the glorious moments of Indian Struggle as many golden history was written in this city like the famous Surendernath Banerjee National Conference 19th century,1905 partition of Bengal, Centre for Indian Independence moment,Battle of Plassey .Kolkata cannot be limited in few words, Kolkata is more than that .With times Kolkata has changed and shown tremendous growth and is competing in continuous pace with other major cities. The Modern Kolkata and the traditional Kolkata, both goes hand in hand. Majority of people are well educated so we can see modern attire Bengali with ray-ban glasses with modern thinking and same to same traditional dhoti wearing Bengali in same street both welcoming ideas freely. History of Kolkata:-

City View of Kolkata In the 17th century, Job Charnock came to the banks of the river Hooghly and took the lease of three large villages - Sutanuti, Govindapur and Kolikata (Calcutta) to establish British East India Company in the Bengal region. The sites were carefully selected which were covered by river Hoogly on the west and salt lakes on the east. The selection of sites was very important due to the presence of a river. The villages were bought from the land lords and the company was given the right to carry on its trade with full autonomy by the

Mughal emperors with an annual premium of Rs.3000. Before the British rule, Kolkata was a small village and the capital of Bengal was Murshidabad which is situated at a distance of 60 miles from the present city. Calcutta was captured in the year 1757 by Robert Clive by defeating SirajUd-daulla in the battle of Plassey. During the time of British rule in India, Kolkata played a key role in both political and cultural reformation. Eminent personalities like Subhash Chandra Bose, Rabindra Nath Tagore, Swami Vivekananda, had chosen this place as their Karma Bhumi. Till 1912, Calcutta was the capital of India, with important establishment like the Supreme Court. The capital was then shifted to Delhi and the city became the capital of West Bengal.

TOPOGRAPHICAL BASEDLocation Kolkata city is situated on the east banks of Hooghly River, in the state of West Bengal. The city forms the eastern fringes of the state and lies close to the neighbouring country, Bangladesh. The sea, Bay of Bengal, is not far from the place.

Area
The metropolitan area approximates to about 1380 sq kms. Climate Kolkata has sub tropical climate with summer monsoons. The annual mean temperature puts close to 26 C. The summers are hot and humid whereas winters are moderate. The region receives an annual rainfall of about 1,582 mm and most of it is poured during the monsoon season. Population The city holds a burgeoning population that is moving closer to 15 millions. The city suburbs are densely populated. The average population density is about 33,000. Transport The city is provided with a number of transportation options. The city utilizes almost all the modes, incorporating roadways, railways, subways, water transport and airways. For public convenience there are buses, taxis, trams, metro (subway cars), railways, ferries, auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws. The

airport at Dum Dum serves as the international airport.

Handrikshaw Famous The city has quite number of aspects which makes it a prime tourist destination in India. The city is primarily famous as a great learning and commercial centre. The city of Kolkata is one amongst the four metropolitan cities of India. The city has emerged in a very short span of time as a major commercial and learning centre. It is hard to describe or define the city in a single or few statements. DemographyPrincipal Languages The popular languages in Kolkata are Bengali, Hindi and English. Culture: The city despite having a good cosmopolitan population comprising of Marwaris, Parsis, Anglo Indians, Jews, Armenians and East Asians the city has a culture which is hard to describe. The local culture encompasses the cosmopolitan features plus regional norms and values.

GEOGRAPHY OF KOLKATAKolkata is located in the eastern part of India at longitude of 88 30'E - 22 33' N. It has stretched linearly along the banks of the river Hooghly and has an elevation ranging between 1.5 to 9 meters. The city originally, was a vast wetland and now one of the most populated cities of the world. The city has a total geographical area of 1480 sq. km. The Sundarbans delta which is located at a distance of 154 km to the south of Kolkata separates the city from the Bay of Bengal. The city has been divided into different topographical regions. There are mainly five geographical units including east, west, north, south and central Kolkata. The adjoining regions include Howrah, Hooghly, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas and Nadia. The citys soil type is mainly alluvial similar to the soil of Indo-Gangetic plains. Quaternary sediments consisting of clay, silt, various grades of sand and gravel underlie the city. These sediments are sandwiched between two clay beds, the lower one at depths between 250 and 650 m and the upper one ranging between 10 and 40 m in thickness. Kolkata falls under the seismic zone-III with moderate damage risk in case of an earthquake. However, the city comes under the Cyclonic Zone creating very high damage risk from a Cyclone.

Kolkata - Cultural -

The Famous Durga Pooja festival Cultural diversity, exotic, vibrant, revolutionary heritage etc are features that prevail in the culture of Kolkata. Kolkatas rich culture and artistic thought among people has made it an appropriate place for culturalmeditation (sadhana). Kolkata is proud to give birth to the jewel of Modern Indian literature Rabindranath Tagore. People of Kolkata belong to diverse and ethnic social backgrounds. Festivals in a multidimensional scale are

observed with spiritual ecstasy. The city becomes a lively place during Durga Puja (a Hindu festival) when the sound of Dhak, Dhunuchi nachh, the mild fragrance of Shiul, People of Kolkata are fond of Bhaat (rice) and Macher jhol (fish curry). The city offers a wide range of dishes and cuisines with variety of tastes. Kolkatas wide range of sweets can live you quite winded. Dont miss the charm of Kolkata Rassagolla (a kind of sweet) while visiting Kolkata.

Lets rediscover Amar Sonar Kolkata

Kolkata Economy
The history of second largest Indian city goes back to 1690 when it was chosen by the British government as the centre for their trade settlements for which they established the British East India Company at the then Calcutta. The reason for choosing this location by the British was due its geographical location where city was protected by Hooghly River on the west, a creek on the north, and by salt lakes about two and a half miles to the east. Since then the city adopted the shape of cosmopolitan city in which people, technology and ideas join hands with socio-political culture to construct the new design of city. Due to joint efforts of people today Kolkata is recognized as the commercial and financial of hub of east India. Huge portion of citys economy is based on trade and industries. The large segment of population is poor and vulnerable. These sections mostly derive their income from work of the laundering, housecleaning, sweeping, plastic salvaging, plumbing, furniture making, electrical wiring, TV repair, masonry, messaging, hawking, rickshaw pulling, hair design, music and art, tailoring, leather work, shoe making, and food selling. Thus, strengthening the informal section of economy. Their contribution to informal economy cannot be neglected, according to study conducted in 2005, it was shown that the hawkers in the city of Kolkata generated the annual turn over of Rs 8,772 crore. The state of West Bengal has now liberalized its industrial policy. As a

result of which foreign investors have shown their interests for direct investment. Kolkata has the potential for Foreign Direct investment (FDI) but the sole problem is the lack of infrastructure. The government is trying to overcome the situation by developing various industrial zones. The city dual economy has two features the informal economy helps the poor to survive while the educated mass tries to step into the global economy. The multifaceted financial system of the city is rapidly changing for a rich economy in the near future. Purchasing Power of KolkataAccording to (ISI) Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata has the highest per capita purchasing power among all the metros. Household expenditure in Kolkata was found to be Rs 1822 per person according to 2004-05 survey. Kolkata is one of the best markets in the country. Kolkata is utilising more durable goods such as refrigerator,television . There has been remarkable improvement in standard of living as people are ready to spend more on luxury now a days . The major influence is by the middle class family.A sample says that high demand is for small range Television costing from Rs3000-5000 each. Per Capita Consumption expenditure is significantly higher than the national average. In Kolkata, consumption of durables and the propensity to save are very high. In fact, consumption of durables such as refrigerator, fans and other utilities has gone up so much that we have had to revise our estimates for power consumption.

Graph shows GDP growth of Kolkata, source- The Telegraph The GDP of Kolkata in the year 2000 to 2003 has fluctuated as the growth

rate is 4.4,5.8 and a decline of 3.8.The highest is 9.1 in 2007 but there is a stability from 2004 to 2008 which is appreciable. The phase 2002 to 2005 is undergoing medium growth rate of GDP.

Other interesting facts about Kolkata- Important Facts and Figures about Kolkata in briefState Metropolitan Area Official Language Latitude Longitude Altitude Total Population Population Density Population Growth Literacy Rate Temperature Time Zone Languages spoken Average Rainfall STD Code Postal Code Vehicle Code Vehicular Population Total Road Length Religion No. of Wards Water Supply No. of KMC Parks KMC Registered Markets West Bengal 1480 sq. Km(approx) Bengali 22 33' N 88 30'E 9m from sea level 45, 80,544 (2001 Census) 24,760/ sq. Km Annual rate of 1.79 (1991) 81.31% 24-42 C in summer; 8-26C in Winters IST (UTC+5:30) Bengali 55%, Hindi 20%, English 10%, others 15% 1605mm 033 700 xxx WB-01 to WB-04 1.05 million 1870 km Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh 141 300 million gallons per day 300 23

1) Kolkata City is also popularly known as City of Palacesor Dominique

Lapierers City of Joy.

2) Kolkata is the first City in India to posses metro trains and is the only
metro city to have hand hold rikshaws in India. In whole world Trams can be found only in LONDON and KOLKATA .

3) Kolkata has total road length of 1870 km in Kolkata municipal area of

which 1585 km is surface and 285 is non surface.

4) Kolkata is situated in eastern banks of Hooghly River and is 120 KM

away from Bay of Bengal.

5) Almost 900 banks,54 police stations,266 post offices,141 municipal

wards are operated in the municipal area of the Kolkata.

6)Kolkata is one of the most populous urban area in world. Also classified
as 8th largest urban agglomeration in the world. 7)Kolkata name was derived from the name of one of the three village which was primarily known as KALIKATA,SUTANUTI and GOVINDPUR. The name was mainly devoted to Goddess KALI.

8)Calcutta named the capital of british India in 1772 and starting in 1864
during the summer month. The capital was shifted to hill station of Shimla during summer.

9)Circular Railway is 13.42 km ,metro is 16.45 km.NSC Bose

International Airport is 20 km from the city centre.

10)Kolkata is also one of the chipest city in asia. Kolkata citys plan
resembles London city plan

ConclusionAmar Sonar Kolkata! which means our golden Kolkata. This saying is not an absurb but really mean it. A place where any person in the world like to connect with .Mother Teresa came here and loved this place so much that she continued to live and become a part of this place forever. Kolkata rich tradition has magical effect. The jolly and happy people

makes Kolkata a City of Joy.

Map of Kolkata References and Sources1)IBEF 2)Google scholer 3)statistics of india 4)kolkataonline.in 5)livemint.com Q: Take a Company and its brand and Observe how they operate differently in the particular city? Ans: We are taking Procter and Gamble(P&G) as a company and head&shoulder as a brand. Head&shoulder Since 1950 head&shoulder has been a brand name and is known and popular among many common person. It made its debut in India in1997 . Head and Shoulder is one of the favourite anti-dandruff product as it is

sold widely in kolkata.The main competitor is clinic all clear in Kolkata. The high profile launch of head & shoulder fuelled the growth of this speciality market.

Challenges for head and shoulder in Kolkata market1) New upcoming products with unique specialities. 2) Cut throat competition for market share because Kolkata is a huge market. 3) The entire shampoo market is dominated by Hindustan Unilever with a hoofing market share of 26% in kolkata. OpportunityHead and shoulder has a huge market opportunity. Head and Shoulder is trying to penetrate in the unexplored part of Kolkata.

****************************** SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Rahul Mishra SUBMITTED BY: IILM (Batch 2010-12) RISHI RAJ BORA PRAMVEER SINGH AKANKSHA BAHUGUNA SEC-G