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  • Introduction to Jakarta Struts Framework

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    Jorge Rosales
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    This document provides an introduction to the Struts framework, which implements the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. It discusses the motivations for using a framework like Struts, describes the core MVC components and how they are implemented in Struts, and provides examples of configuring and using Struts in a sample application called stackstruts. The assignment is to run the stackstruts application and optionally add new functionality to it.

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    Originaltitel

    01.Struts

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    This document provides an introduction to the Struts framework, which implements the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. It discusses the motivations for using a framework like Struts, describes the core MVC components and how they are implemented in Struts, and provides examples of configuring and using Struts in a sample application called stackstruts. The assignment is to run the stackstruts application and optionally add new functionality to it.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    15 Ansichten5 Seiten

    Introduction to Jakarta Struts Framework

    Hochgeladen von

    Jorge Rosales
    This document provides an introduction to the Struts framework, which implements the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. It discusses the motivations for using a framework like Struts, describes the core MVC components and how they are implemented in Struts, and provides examples of configuring and using Struts in a sample application called stackstruts. The assignment is to run the stackstruts application and optionally add new functionality to it.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 5

    Objectives Introduction to Jakarta Struts

    Understand Short
    Aaron A. Kagawa ICS 414 Spring 2005 Information and Computer Sciences University of Hawaii Honolulu HI 96822
    (1) (2)

    the motivation for adopting a framework for the Model-View-Controller application architecture. introduction to Struts

    Be

    able to implement a Model-ViewController application with Struts.

    Model 1 Model 1 and Model 2 Refresher

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    JSP Scriplets
    if (Math.random() < 0.5) { out.println("Have a <B>nice</B> day!"); } else { out.println("Have a <B>lousy</B> day!"); }

    Simple Servlet
    package hall; import java.io.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD " + " HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\">\n" + "<HTML>\n" + "<HEAD><TITLE>Hello WWW</TITLE></HEAD>\n" + "<BODY>\n" + "<H1>Hello WWW</H1>\n" + "</BODY></HTML>"); }

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    Problems with Model 1


    Benefits Good for really simple web applications Problems Not scaleable Not standardized Buggy Ugly

    Model 2

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    Model 2
    Model 2 Model View Controller separate components to handle different responsibilities. Model responsible for business state knowledge View responsible for presentation Controller responsible for controlling flow and state of user input

    StackMVC
    Model Stack subsystem Commands
    -edu.hawaii.stackmvc.control.command.PopCommand.java,

    edu.hawaii.stackmvc.control.command.PushCommand.java, etc

    View JSP pages Controller Controller

    Commands
    (9) (10)

    -edu.hawaii.stackmvc.control.Controller.java -edu.hawaii.stackmvc.control.command.PopCommand.java,
    edu.hawaii.stackmvc.control.command.PushCommand.java

    Major Problem with Model 2


    There is one major problem in Model 2. It is just a Model. Model 2 can be implemented many different ways. StackMVC is just one way.

    Struts Framework Overview


    Overview: Struts is an open source framework which encourages use of the MVC design pattern for Java Servlet and JavaServerPages technology. Struts has the same 3 major components as MVC Model (business logic) View (presentation components & JSP pages) Controller (delegates request)

    Note: This is just an overview of the struts

    framework of which we are using for this class. There is much more to which struts can do. Please look it up your self.

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    Motivation
    Isnt any model-view-controller design pattern good enough? MVC is just a design pattern and can have many implementations. -Problem: if two developers work on a single web application using different implementations of MVC, the web application may not mix well. -Problem: seeking help on your own implementation of MVC is hindered by the uniqueness of that implementation. What Struts brings to the table. Struts provides a framework for MVC -Plus: provides a standard of which the MVC design pattern is implemented. -Plus: Like most frameworks, it provides simpler APIs.

    Model
    The Model: business logic Virtually unchanged from the original MVC design pattern.

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    View
    The View: presentation components & JSP pages org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm is a bean (setters and getters) of the each input in a form. -checks the validity of the users input. -saves or resets users input to that form.

    Controller
    The Controller: delegates requests Action class (extend org.apached.action.Action) -Replaces commands. -Process a request and return ActionForward object that identifies where to forward the response to.

    ApplicationResources.properties

    provides a separation of design from content in the JSP page. -e.g. messages, titles, headings, etc

    Action Mapping Configuration File (struts-

    Struts provides several tag libraries which can be


    used (similar in nature to JSTL) to present information in JSP pages.

    config.xml) -Replaces Controller.java -Used by the struts controller servlet to map http requests to application actions.

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    stackstruts: A simple Struts example


    The stackstruts system provides a simple implementation of stackmvc using struts.

    Additions: ./lib/jar/struts.jar ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts.tld ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld ./webapp/WEB-INF/lib/struts.jar ./webapp/WEB-INF/classes/ApplicationResources.properties


    Deletions:

    Addition/Deletions/Changes to stackmvcdb

    ./webapp/WEB-INF/lib/standard.jar ./webapp/WEB-INF/lib/request.jar ./webapp/WEB-INF/lib/js.jar

    Changes ./webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml Most of the java files.

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    What are those .tld files?


    ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts.tld ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld ./webapp/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld
    Are the struts tag libraries. These can be used like any other tag libraries.

    Html tag library example:


    <%@ page language="java" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> <title><bean:message key="page.index.title"/></title> <table border="0"> <tr> <td> <html:form styleId="PushForm" action="/push" focus="number"> <bean:message key="prompt.number"/> <html:select size="1" property="number"> <html:option value="1">1</html:option> <html:option value="2">2</html:option> <html:option value="3">3</html:option> <html:option value="4">4</html:option> </html:select> <html:submit property="submit" value="Push"/> </html:form>
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    ApplicationResources.properties
    page.index.title=Stack MVC DB using Struts page.index.heading=Stack MVC DB using Struts prompt.number=Select a number:

    struts-config.xml example:
    <struts-config> <!-- ========== Form Bean Definitions =================================== --> <form-beans> <!-- Logon form bean --> <form-bean name="pushForm" type="edu.hawaii.stackmvcdbstruts.view.PushForm"/> </form-beans> <!-- ========== Global Forward Definitions ============================== --> <global-forwards> <forward name="failure" path="/index.jsp"/> <forward name="success" path="/index.jsp"/> </global-forwards> <!-- ========== Action Mapping Definitions ============================== --> <action-mappings> <!-- Process a push --> <action path="/push" type="edu.hawaii.stackmvcdbstruts.controller.PushAction" name="pushForm" scope="request" input="/index.jsp"> </action> </action-mappings> </struts-config>
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    web.xml example:
    <!-- Action Servlet Configuration --> <servlet> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>application</param-name> <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- Action Servlet Mapping --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors --> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location> </taglib>
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    Demo

    What to do next
    Readings: Struts home page -http://struts.apache.org/ Struts Api -http://struts.apache.org/api/index.html Developer Guide -http://struts.apache.org/userGuide/index. html

    Assignment
    1. Download and Run the stackstruts web app Download http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/~kagawaa/struts/stac kstruts-4.0.106.zip Bring up tomcat, Run ant, Run ant junit Print out a screen shot Bring screen shot to Wednesdays Class

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    Assignment Cont.
    1. Download and Run the stackstruts web application Download http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/~kagawaa/struts/stac kstruts-4.0.106.zip Bring up tomcat, Run ant, Run ant junit Print out a screen shot

    Optional
    1. Provide a new button called double in the stackstruts index.jsp page. The double button invokes the DoubleAction. The DoubleAction takes the current contents of the stack and doubles it. So, if the initial contents (from top to bottom) is 1 2 3, the result of doubling is 1 2 3 1 2 3. It is an error to try to double an empty stack, and you should print out an explanatory message. Write a TestDoubleAction HttpUnit test.

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    Questions
    Struts Website http://struts.apache.org/ Aaron Kagawa Post 307b kagawaa@hawaii.edu

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