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1. Overview of SCADA:
General components of SCADA system:
Sensors
Logging
Load shedding Load restoration
edge.
To replace existing aging systems. To manage complex systems
2. SCADA Configuration :
UCB (Unit Control Board) CCB (Common Control Board) CRB (Control Room Board)
Cubicle design:
FUNCTION
Main device for control and supervision of the unit North bus selected South bus selected Circuit breaker close indication Circuit breaker open indication
Lamp (Green) Lamp(Orange) Lamp (Red) Push Button Push Button Push Button Key operated cam switch
Indication for Readiness of unit operation Indication for Alarm Indication for Trip Alarm/trip reset Horn reset Lamp reset Control point selector switch with 3 positions:
Local
Maintenance
Double Voltmeter Double Frequency meter Active power meter Reactive power meter
Remote For manual synchronization For manual synchronization For MW For MVAR
Emergency Shutdown Unit Voltage raise/lower selector switch spring return type Speed raise/lower selector switch spring return type Synchronizing selector switch with 2 positions:
Selector switch
( Manual Synchronization is also possible from CRB if UCB is in Remote mode. Bus bar Selector switch with 2 positions: North bus select in manual mode of synchronizing South bus select in manual mode of synchronizing
FCB open/close selector switch spring return type Generator CB open/close selector switch spring return type For automatic and manual synchronization
Functions of the UCB: The controller of the UCB executes following software modules:
Alarm System
Emergency trip system for mechanic faults (mechanical protection) Temperature supervision
A . Place of control :
Remote : Controlled from HMI in control room Local : at units own unit control board
B. Control Mode :
Auto mode
Auto step by step mode Manual mode
C. Sequencing (automatic starting and stopping of the unit) covers complete automatic control under normal conditions
CW pumps
governor OPU pumps
generator brakes
Monitoring of pre-conditions of each auxiliary Facility to select main & standby devices Automatic over depending on the duration of the operation or detection of any alarm/trip signals,
Safety module:
All signals which are giving evidence of an abnormal condition in the plant, will be processed in the safety module
One hardwired contact from unit electrical protection relays indicating internal failure of any relay will be interfaced with the respective UCB.
from the UCB in LOCAL mode either through the touch panel or by the push
button provided on the UCB.
C. Temperature Monitoring: All temperature values are supervised up to four limits. The limits are split into two main groups: Upper and lower limits as follows
Limit Too High High Type Trip Alarm Definition Temperature too high Temperature high
Low
Too low
Alarm
Starting prevention
Temperature high
Temperature too low
The mechanical safety module always compares the actual temperature values with set limits and initiates the requisite action such as alarm or trip
Each temperature signals can be monitored on the HMI in the control room or
the touch panel on the UCB in form of a bar graph.
Hardwired logics: In addition to the trip signals the emergency shutdown logic will be implemented in hardwire also
The binary input modules of the controller are capable of acquiring the data
with a resolution of 1ms transmit the same spontaneously to the control system
This data along with the time stamp can be viewed in the Chronological
Event List (CEL) on the HMI in the control room and on the touch panel in the UCB. This feature is available on other control boards also. Touch Panel- Local HMI: The UCB is provided with 15 touch panel mounted on the control board for the purpose of local operation.
Cubicle design:
Function Main device for control and supervision of the unit
Push button
The CCB configuration is the same as that of UCB This component control all relevant plant facilities which are responsible for common auxiliaries e.g. Drainage, dewatering, Air compressor, low voltage
Safety Module:
Alarm system
Hardwired logics:
Interlocking of breaker operation to avoid paralleling of power sources at the
415V bus bar or at SSB or UABs will also be provided in hardwired logic in
the respective control panels.
Touch Panel- Local HMI: The UCB is provided with 15 touch panel mounted on the control board for the
purpose of local operation.
The control room board contains all equipment necessary for metering, network
node for different interfaces, NTP timeserver
C. NTP Time Server: For time synchronization of the whole automation system Via GPS receiver and the Ethernet station bus the time server synchronizes every single component using the Network Time Protocol (NTP)
The 220kV Switchyard Control Board contains all equipment, necessary for interfacing
with bay controllers and supervision of the 220kV Circuit Breakers and Isolators A. Configuration: 1AK1703 ACP rack equipped with Redundant power supply Redundant processor modules
Redundant control system Ethernet interface to the power plant station bus system for
communication to the other functional areas using optical fiber Hardwired input/output modules (non-redundant)
B. Functions of SCB: The Switchyard Control Board is configured to execute the following functions:
Interfacing with bay controllers: The SCB interfaces with the bay controllers over IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over a fiber
optic link
The SCB will acquire the data concerning status of various devices such as CBs and
isolators, electrical parameters of respective feeders, abnormal conditions from bay controllers
Inter bay operation: The SCB will carry out the following inter bay operations: Bus bar changeover performing the switching sequence for change over of entire bus bar
section by coordinating different bay controllers. The bay specific interlocks are part of the ba
controllers. Inter tripping connections across different bay level
Automatic synchronization of the CBs by the respective bay controllers depending on the
command issued from HMI in the control room. The synchronization of the CBs is also possible from individual bay controllers switching
it to local mode
The bay controllers perform the synchrocheck function before closing the CBs Based on the selection of the bus, the SCB switches the selected bus PT connection to the bay controllers The breaker open/close commands will be hardwired to the CBs in the Switchyard.
status of CBs will also be monitored through hardwired signals from the switchyard.
Alarm System: The alarms from the bay controllers will be acquired by the SCB And displayed on the HMI in the control room and on the touch panel Every alarm signal causes an acoustic alarm and is displayed on the touch panel as well as control room HMI in the alarm list.
The butterfly valve control board controls the operation of the butterfly valve. A. Butterfly valve RTUs: For tele-control of two Butterfly Valves, a RTU for each Butterfly Valve is
provided The scope includes the data transmission and the hardwired I/O interfacing to the primary control systems (i.e. transmission of position indications and up/down pulses). B. Control Board:
Interfacing of both with SCADA to VUGPH will be done by optical fiber cable through Ethernet switches.
step and fulfilling of the preconditions only the next step will be executed. A. Standstill Conditions: When the Hydel plant is not in operation, there are some conditions which should be
fulfilled which might result in the saving of energy which was used for operation of those components.
The standstill conditions are as follows: Cooling water pumps OFF Generator brakes OFF & Brake jack released 220KV CB OPEN Excitation OFF MIV CLOSED
BPV CLOSED
MIV OPU OFF Turbine OPU OFF
Any of the above conditions failing to respond, will lead to an alarm to the operators and
he can take appropriate actions.
B. Pre-conditions: ESD & QSD relays RESET Generator brakes OFF & Brake Jack release
Excitation OFF
MIV closed BPV Closed
220kV CB OPEN
C. Start Sequence:
Each step has to be completed mandatorily for the next step to be executed.
Each step is followed with a feedback Different sensors are being installed at different parts for the required system to collect
Without the preconditions getting fulfilled, it is not possible to start any step
For every step there is time supervision If time taken is more than it is considered as fault and the Stop sequence is initiated.
START SEQUENCE
Command Start Step: 1 Turbine Oil Pump Unit On Pre-conditions Pre-condition for Turbine operation Feedback Standstill- Turbine Oil Pump Main/Standby feedback Unit
Start Step: 2 MIV Oil Pump Unit ON Start Step: 3 CW Pump ON Start Step: 4 Transformer Cooling pumps ON Oil
MIV Oil pump Main/Standby ON feedback CW Pump A/B/C ON feedback 1. Transformer pumps ON feedback Cooling Oil flow fail A/B
2.
Start Step: 5 Step 1-2-3-4 completed HPOS Motor ON Start Step: 6 Step1-2-3-4-5 completed 1. Start LGB Oil Vapour Exhaust motor 2. Start Oil Vapour Exhaust Motor Start Step: 7 All the steps 1-6 should be 1. Start Step Valve finished with all the feedbacks 2. BPV OPEN required.
1. 2.
1. 2. 3. 4.
BYPASS CLOSE
1. 2. 3. oil Needles OPEN Deflector OPEN Rated speed
TURBINE OPERATION COMPLETED Start Step: 12 1. Turbine Operation 1. Excitation ON completed 2. Pre-conditions for Turbine 2. operation 3. No load operation
NO LOAD OPERATION COMPLETED
Start Step: 13 1. No Load operation Auto changeover UAP completed Supply Preferential 2. Pre-conditions for No Load operation- Line operation 3. UAP Preferential supply healthy 4. UAP Preferential 5.Breaker control in AUTO mode
Start Step: 14 Auto synchronizer ON 1. 2. 3. 4. 89N or 89S CLOSE 89G CLOSE CB OPEN Earth Switch OPEN GCB CLOSE
1. UAP supply source Preferential 2. UAP Supply healthy 3. UAP Non Preferential Breaker OFF 4. Two CW Pumps running 5. CW inlet pressure OK 6. CW flow OK
220kV CLOSE
1. 220 kV GCB CLOSE 2. Machine synchronised 3. Active Power set point is given to TG 4. Machine running at Base load of 10 MW
D. Shutdown Sequence: For every step to work it is necessary that all the feedbacks are proper. If any step is not completed then the emergency shutdown of the system is carried out.
SHUT DOWN SEQUENCE
2. Decrease the Load to 0 MW Stop Step: 2 Decrease MVAR to minimum Stop Step: 3 220 kV GCB OPEN Stop Step: 4
MVAR MVAR
reduced
to
1.
220 kV CB OPEN 1.
Supply CAP
changed
to
3.
4.
Stop Step: 5 Excitation OFF Stop Step: 6 TG OFF Stop Step: 7 MIV CLOSE Stop Step: 8
220 kV CB OPEN
Excitation OFF
220 kV CB OPEN
Excitation OFF
Needles and deflectors MIV CLOSE CLOSE 1. Needles and SSV CLOSE deflectors CLOSE
SSV CLOSE
Stop Step: 9
Speed at 75 RPM
Speed at 0 RPM
Stop Step: 15
Auxiliaries OFF
Speed 0 RPM
1.
2.
CW pumps OFF
LGB Oil Vapour Exhaust Motor OFF
3.
4.
5.
In this first reduce the load to base load (5MW) by closing the needles and deflectors
and then trip the unit If the feedback for MW=5 is not received within 20seconds, then system
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