Chapter 2 3

Chapter 2 The Ocean

A. Multiple Choice Questions (c) Sodium chloride is soluble in water.

Only a small amount of water is
1. A. Water used to ensure that a minimum
2. B. Distillation amount of sodium chloride in the
3. B. (4), (1), (2), (3) crystals dissolves.
4. D. Distillation
5. A. Distillation 2. (a) A saturated solution is a solution in
6. B. Flame test which a solvent has dissolved the
7. A. To act as a fuel maximum mass of a solute at a
8. D. To make margarine specified temperature.
(b) In saturated solution, the solvent has
B. Fill in the Blanks already dissolved the maximum
mass of solute at a specified
1. Sodium ions, chloride ions temperature.
2. saturated, maximum mass, temperature When some solvent evaporates, the
3. cooling, evaporation remaining solvent can no longer
hold the “extra” solute. Hence,
C. Comprehensive Questions crystallization occurs.
(c) Heat a solution of common salt
gently with a Bunsen flame. During
1. (a) heating, dip a glass rod into the
solution and then take it out. If small
crystals appear at the end of the
glass rod after a while, the solution
is saturated.
Add common salt to water and stir
continuously. Continue to add the
salt until some salt remains
undissolved.

3. (a)

(b) To wash away any soluble

impurities on the surface of crystals.

Chapter 02 Solutions (EE).doc

4 Part 1
(b) No. The crystals formed are small.
On strong heating, they may “jump
out” from the hot container.
(c) During heating, dip a glass rod into
the solution and then take it out. If
there are small crystals appeared at
the end of the glass rod after a while,
the sea water is saturated.
(d) Prepare a saturated solution at room
temperature and pressure. Cover the
container containing the solution
with a piece of filter paper having
small holes and leave it for a few
days to allow slow evaporation of
water.
4. The end of the delivery tube inserted in
the receiver should always be above the
distillate.
5.
6. (a) Distillation
(b) The purpose of adding anti-bumping
granules is to prevent bumping of
the liquid and thus make boiling
smooth.
(c) The bulb of thermometer was placed
away from the opening of delivery
Chapter 02 Solutions (EE).doc
tube. It should be placed at the same
horizontal level as the opening of
delivery tube.
The end of delivery tube was placed
above the level of ice water. It
should be placed below the level of
ice water and better be directed to
the bottom of the receiving test tube.
7. Sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate (or
any sodium compound)
8. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride
(or any chloride)
9. HKCEE Question
10. (a) Dilute nitric acid
(b) To prevent the formation of other
insoluble silver compounds, which
may mislead the results.
(c) (i) White precipitate is formed.
(ii) Silver nitrate + Potassium
chloride
 Silver chloride +
Potassium nitrate
11. (a) Concentrated hydrochloric acid can
convert any impurities left on the
wire to chlorides. Since chlorides
are volatile, the conversion may
speed up the cleaning process.
(b) This wets the platinum wire and
thus helps the solid sample adhere
on the wire.
12. (a) Dip the tip of a clean platinum wire
into a sample of common salt. Then,
put the tip of platinum wire in a
non-luminous flame. A golden
yellow flame appears.
 Chapter 2 5

(b) Dissolve a small amount of common
salt in distilled water. Then, add
acidified silver nitrate solution to the
solution of common salt. A white
precipitate appears.
Sodium chloride + Silver nitrate
 silver chloride + Sodium
nitrate
(c) Heat a sample of common salt
strongly in test tube. When there are
colourless droplets condensed on the
inner mouth of test tube, put a piece
of anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride
paper on the droplets. The paper
changes from blue to pink.
(g) Chlorine gas is toxic. Hydrogen gas
is explosive. After electrolysis, sea
water becomes sodium hydroxide
solution which is corrosive.
14. To make chlorine bleach, to sterilize
drinking water and water in swimming
pools, to make hydrochloric acid, to
produce organic solvents, to manufacture
PVC
(Any two)

13. (a)

(b) Sodium chloride

(c) Chlorine gas. Test it with a piece of
moist blue litmus paper. It turns red
and then white.
(d) Hydrogen gas. Test with a burning
splint. It gives a “pop” sound.
(e) It becomes alkaline. It turns red
litmus paper blue.
(f) Aqueous sodium chloride solution
 Hydrogen gas + Chlorine gas
+ Sodium hydroxide solution

Chapter 02 Solutions (EE).doc