TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY Environmental Problems Environmental Technology

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CONCLUSION REFERENCES

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KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA SRI GADING, BATU PAHAT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, we would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving us the strength and health to do this task until it done and we would like to express gratitude to God because with his permission, Environmental Technologys first assignment was able to be completed exactly at the time. In completing this assignment, we get support and help from various party. Great appreciation to all our group members which is Amirul Amin Bin Zailan Shukri, Nur Akhmal Arif Bin Jamaludin and Nur Hayanti Binti Buhkari because has been cooperative and work in commitment that good during doing this task. Do not forget also deepest gratitude to Miss Marlizaiha Binti Mohd Noor that had been giving much guidance to we finish this assignment. Last but not least, also appreciation for friends that pitch in help in terms of give coaching and idea in effort to complete this assignment. Thank you, so much.

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KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA SRI GADING, BATU PAHAT

OBJECTIVES After completing this assignment, we are able to: a) Identify the various environmental technology applied in the site based on observation from environmental problems from the site. b) Explain impact of construction activities on environment. c) Identify the environmental technologist responsibilities.

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KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA SRI GADING, BATU PAHAT

INTRODUCTION Environmental technology is the application of the environmental science to conserve the natural environment resources and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. It is a new technology that we can see on some building in Malaysia. It is also called Green Technology. There many types of environmental technology like solar system, recycling, solid waste management, sewerage treatment, air pollution control, noise pollution control and much more. Some environmental technologies, in conjunction with sustainable development, are technologies that assist directly with energy conservation. Energy sources such as solar power create fewer problems for the environment than traditional sources of energy like coal and petroleum. Besides that, other emerging technologies are those that help the environment by reducing the amount of waste produced by human activities. Besides that, there are some environmental problems that we need to avoid during construct a building. For example movement of constructions vehicles likes trucks and backhoes. These vehicles can produce dust at construction site and may risk the workers health. In order to prevent this situation, we need to ensure there is no health risk or less of amenity due to emission of dust to the environment.
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Others than that, the contaminated material and waste also can affect the environment and may cause an incident. If we are careless and do not clean the construction site waste like unused bricks, rusty steel bar or used formwork, it can cause a serious incident among the workers. So to avoid this from happening we must first make sure the site is clean and clear before, during and after construction. In this assignment, we were ask to visit a site and observe site environmental problems and any applied environmental technology on that site.

ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION

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KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA SRI GADING, BATU PAHAT

Name of the Project is Proposal build and complete NanoLaboratory Building Technology for Excellence Centre Microelectronics and NanoTechnology-Shamsudin research center (MINT-SRC), School of Engineering Electrical and Electronic (FKEE) in the University TunHussienOnn Malaysia(UTHM) Johor. Location of the Project is this building was proposed to build at UTHM that addressed in UniversitiTunHussienOnn Malaysia, Beg Berkunci 101, 86400 Parit Raja, BatuPahat, JohorDarulTazim. This campus is near to a small town that known as PekanParit Raja. It is about 5 kilometres from UTHM to PekanParit Raja. For the building elevation and roof structures, it has external wall finishes will be using combinations of Aluminum Composite panel, rough cast sprayed painting, use of functional decorative steel shading louvers and 8mm thick tampered glass. Roof is to facilities cross ventilation, natural light and designed to provide maximum shelter, shade natural light and ventilation. The roof with ceiling shall be of the following components, it is standing seam roofing profile, the sheets shall be of zincalum steel comprising a base metal thickness (BMT) of 0.55mm thicknes or 0.48mm thickness for total coating thicknes (TCT) of 0.60mm or 0.53mm respectively. Besides that, the components also has acoustic sound barrier layers for the purpose of eliminating airbone sound and rain impact sound. It also has metal linear strip ceiling at the external area with secured reverted joints able to withstand dislodge from wind loads in the local weather conditions. OBSERVATION FROM THE SITE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT CONSTRUCTION SITE Construction site is a place where construction activities take place for a certain period, which is prohibited to the public. The movement of the trucks, backhoe and lorry can be seen everywhere and the construction activities done con currently. Bricks and steel were the most important material in construction site. Normally, they were dumped before being used. The material left undisturbed could lead to environmental problem especially when it is raining. Rusty steel bar could contaminate the surface runoff.

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KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA SRI GADING, BATU PAHAT

As a result the river pollution can occur when this surface runoff enter to the river. At the site where we observe, we can see the waste of alluminium with waste from labours.

Figure 1: Waste of alluminium, the broken bricks, box and waste from labours. Cut, fill, and compacting are activities associated with the leveling (done in site preparation process). These activities make the top soil exposed to the rain. When rain comes, the soil particle will be drained out into the nearest natural water sources such as pond, drainage. As the result the sendiment of the pond and drainage increased leading to the flash flood. For this site, we can see the soil particle will be drained out into the drain and pond nearest with the site.

Figure 2: Construction near pond and soil drained out into the drain For the big and costly project, the could exceed 30 persons and most of them were construction area to save their mobility cost.

particle

workers lived in the They built

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their home using the unwanted material which can be found within construction site. Normally, they prepare an area for dining and living. They never concern about the wastewater therefore they do not build the proper toilet. The untreated wastewater could contaminate the surface runoff and the problems become worst when the runoff enter into the river. In our observation, we just can look their toilet and we also see the wastewater into the surface of soil.

Figure 3: The toilet for workers and wastewater area According to the site engineer on the constructions site, there are only minor environmental problem happen on the site. Environmental Problem 1. Unsorted of unused and waste materials like steel bars, zincs, bricks, formworks and woods. 2. Heavy land disturbance as the site engineer said that the construction site was full of palm tree before. 3. There some workers live inside construction site. 4. Toilet used in construction site direct to outside drainage (Do not use any tank). 5. Dust produced from movement of trucks and backhoes.

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KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA SRI GADING, BATU PAHAT

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY APPLIED IN CONSTRUCTION SITE In the construction site, the environmental technologies to be considered such as recycling, sewage treatment, solid waste management, air pollution control, and noise pollution control. For recycling, normally the formwork is made by wood and plywood. They are natural resources which decreased over time. The unused formwork will be burnt in the construction site. Thus it could pose serious air pollution. With the recycling approach, the formwork could be used again and again untill the ultimate usage before dumped to fire. With this practice, the natural resources were used brilliantly and helps protect the environment and cause less waste/pollution.

Figure 4: Unused wood will be burnt From our observation, there are a place for burnt the unused wood like show in figure 4 but it is not serious air pollution. The information we got from supervisor, he said that the formwork will be used again and again until the ultimate usage before dumped to fire. Furthermore, there are company or factory will pick the unused formwork to recycle. At the

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site, workers just burnt the smaller unused wood and domestic waste such as plastic bottle, polystyrene and coarse material for making sacks. For sewage treatment, it has to be treated before discharged into the rivers. The constituents in the sewage could decrease the river water quality. To make sure that the river can do self purification (the only way for the river to maintain the DO level), the sewage must be treated before goes into the river. The simple way to treat sewage is using the individual septic tank. Septic tank was designed according to the population evaluation (PE).

Figure 5: Sewage and impermanent of toilet for workers. At the site, also have toilet for workers but the toilet rarely use because the sewerage system is not systematic. They will use UTHMs toilet for more comfortable. So, there are no have pollution to the rivers because the sewage not discharged into the rivers. There are no doubt that construction site will generate a solid waste. The solid waste generated included the plastic, papers, wood, broken bricks, steel bar, unwanted cement, spoiled paint, brush and another material for construction. Therefore, the solid waste management should be applied in a construction site in order to ensure that the waste generation is under the control.

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KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA SRI GADING, BATU PAHAT

Figure 6: The waste on site Refer the figure 6 above, we can see that the site still ensure that the waste generation is under the control. In construction, the building more use Aluminum Composite panel. So, the waste on site more to alluminium. Their workers will pick the alluminium and collect at one place because the waste of alluminium will sent to factory for recycling. The waste such as plastic, wood, broken bricks, and another material also will segregation of waste on site and it will be recycling. For steel bar, the workers will sold and if the steel still can be use, they will keep in the stor. Although the site not applied the solid waste management in the construction, the waste generation still can control with systematic. So, the site not give pollution to environment. Air pollution control should be serious in construction because it will can be pollution for environment. The site preparation and site clearing process is a activity causing the huge disturbance to the ground and top soil. The disturbed ground and top soil was exposed to the free air. In the hot dry weather, the soil particle files everywhere, the condition becomes worst when the lorry and trucks keeps moving on the area. The alternative way to reduce air pollution is water spraying, however application of water spray for huge construction site is worthless. For this construction, not have serious problem in air pollution because the site is not dust area. For early construction, there are dust but not serious. So, they reduce air pollution with wash truck system. So, before the truck or lorry inside the site, it will use wash system to
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reduce the soil particle files everywhere. Water spraying on the exposed top soil is deficient to use in the site because it will be effect to drainage with wet dust. So, the drain can be block to water system like in figure 7.

Figure 7: The problem drainage Noise pollution problem always be serious in construction because it will disturb to another humans to do the work. Piling works is common job for the construction of multistorey building, and bridge. The noise pollution happen during the piling works. Some of the complaint of the piling works are neglected because of the noise is not consistent. However, the exposure to the piling works for days at a long time could lead to the hearing problems. Therefore, the construction workers have to make a proper piling schedule in order to control the noise pollution.

For this construction, the workers not have a proper piling schedule, they just planning when the piling works should be do. From the information, the supervisor said that in the construction use 110 bar of piling. It is because, the site is from oil palm tree. So, the land should be embankment. One day, 14 bar of piling will they use for piling works. The piling works will do from morning and stop at evening. So, at the night not have piling works and the construction not disturb anyone. Early of construction, they want to use jack pile but at the same time, the UTHMs students have ezam. So, they dont want to disturb all the students. Other than that, they also not use jack pile because a building nearest with the site is sensitive with vibration. The building have machines and very sensitive with vibration.
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Furthermore, the jack pile can give more cost in construction. In this construction, they also made soil test to know if the site have problems. They have its record about the soil test. Applied Environmental Technology 1. Recycling a. They re-use any waste materials that are still in good conditions. b. If waste materials unusable, they will collect and give to responsibility company to dump that materials to fire. 2. Solid Waste Management a. They will make sure construction site will always clean. b. Put waste materials in one place. c. They will dump all waste materials that unusable. 3. Air Pollution Control a. They spray the road with water before the trucks or backhoes enter the site. b. Dust was vanished by rain because during the construction, most of the day is a rainy day.

CONCLUSION Some construction site do apply the environmental technology approach to overcome the environmental problems. Construction workers spend most of their time at construction site. Therefore, it is the job of the construction workers to ensure that they have a clean environment. Under direct supervision of a mentoring Field Technician or Project Manager,
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construction workers assist in carrying out Site Management and /or Waste Management field-related activities such as sampling, surveying, collection and measuring. This involves collecting information regarding the presence and effects of pollutants in air, water and soil of the construction site. To work in clean environment, it is a must for construction workers to have a comprehensive knowledge of waste reduction, management methods and issues. From that, we can get the clean environment without any pollution. The environmental friendly working area can motivate them to work effectively. And the ability of the construction workers to address the environmental problems is a good sign that the construction will not degrade the environment as the result the sustainable construction will be in place all the time.

REFERENCES
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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, DCS 4133, Cik Marlizaiha Bte Mohd Noor. Site visit to NANO Technology Laboratory at UTHM.

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