Chapter 4: VTP

CCNA Exploration 4.0

Overview

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Small network

no problem

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Large network

??????

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VTP

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VTP overview

VTP allows a network manager to makes changes on a switch that is configured as a VTP server. Basically, the VTP server distributes and synchronizes VLAN information to VTP-enabled switches throughout the switched network which minimizes the problems caused network, by incorrect configurations and configuration inconsistencies. VTP stores VLAN configurations in the VLAN database called vlan.dat.

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Benefits of VTP

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VTP Components

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VTP Domain-Consists of one or more interconnected switches. All switches in a domain share VLAN configuration details using VTP advertisements. A router or Layer 3 switch defines the boundary of each domain domain.

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VTP mode

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VTP pruning

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VTP advertisement

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Terminology

VTP Server-VTP servers advertise the VTP domain VLAN information to other VTP-enabled switches in the same VTP domain. VTP servers store the VLAN information for the entire domain in NVRAM. The server is where VLAN can created, deleted, or renamed f the domain. for VTP Client-VTP clients function the same way as VTP servers, but you cannot create, change, or delete VLANs on a VTP client. A VTP client only stores the VLAN information for the entire domain while the switch is on. A switch reset deletes the VLAN information. You must configure VTP client mode on a switch. VTP Transparent-Transparent switches forward VTP advertisements to VTP clients and VTP servers. Transparent switches do not participate in VTP servers VTP. VLANs that are created, renamed, or deleted on transparent switches are local to that switch only. VTP Pruning-VTP pruning increases network available bandwidth by restricting flooded traffic to those trunk links that the traffic must use to reach the destination devices. Without VTP pruning, a switch floods broadcast, multicast, and unknown unicast traffic across all trunk links within a VTP domain even though receiving switches might discard them.

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Test your knowledge

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Default VTP configuration

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Default VTP configuration

VTP Version-Displays the VTP version the switch is capable of running. By default, the switch implements version 1, but can be set to version 2. Configuration Revision-Current configuration revision number on this switch. You will learn more about revisions switch numbers in this chapter. Maximum VLANs Supported Locally-Maximum number of VLANs supported locally. Number of Existing VLANs-Number of existing VLANs. VTP Operating Mode-Can b server, client, or t O ti M d C be li t transparent. t

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Default VTP configuration

VTP Domain Name-Name that identifies the administrative domain for the switch. VTP Pruning Mode-Displays whether pruning is enabled or disabled. VTP V2 Mode-Displays if VTP version 2 mode is enabled. p y VTP version 2 is disabled by default. VTP Traps Generation-Displays whether VTP traps are sent to a network management station station. MD5 Digest-A 16-byte checksum of the VTP configuration. Configuration Last Modified-Date and time of the last configuration modification. Displays th IP address of th fi ti difi ti Di l the dd f the switch that caused the configuration change to the database.

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VTP Domains

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VTP Domains

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VTP Domain Name Propogation

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VTP Frame Structure

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VTP Frame Structure

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VTP message content

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VTP packets

VTP message types: Summary advertisements y Subset advertisement Advertisement requests

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VTP packets
Summary Advertisements Sent every five minutes by a server or client to inform neighboring switches of what it believes is the current VTP configuration revision it h f h t b li i th t fi ti i i number for its management domain.

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VTP packets
Subset Advertisements When you add, delete, or change a VLAN in a Catalyst, the server Catalyst where the changes are made increments the configuration revision and issues a summary advertisement. One or several subset advertisements follow the summary advertisement. A subset advertisement contains a list of VLAN information. If there are several VLANs, more than one subset advertisement can be required in order to advertise all the VLANs. In response to an advertisement request.

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VTP packets
Advertisement Requests A switch needs a VTP advertisement request in these situations: The switch has been reset reset. The VTP domain name has been changed. The switch has received a VTP summary advertisement with a higher configuration revision than its own own.

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VTP Revision Number

The configuration revision number is a 32-bit number that indicates the level of revision for a VTP frame. The default configuration number for a switch is zero. Each time a VLAN is added or removed, the configuration revision number is incremented incremented. Each VTP device tracks the VTP configuration revision number that is assigned to it. g Note: A VTP domain name change does not increment the revision number. Instead, it resets the revision number to zero.

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Show vtp status: view revision number

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VTP Modes Overview

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VTP Mode Comparisions

VTP servers: Create, modify, and delete VLAN and VLAN configuration parameters for the entire domain. VTP servers save VLAN configuration information in the switch NVRAM. VTP servers send VTP messages out to all trunk ports. VTP clients: Cannot create, modify, or delete VLAN information. This mode is useful for switches lacking memory to store large tables of VLAN information. The only role of VTP clients is to process VLAN changes and send VTP messages out all trunk ports. VTP transparent mode: Forward VTP advertisements but ignore information contained in the message. Not modify its database when updates are received N t send out an update indicating a change i it VLAN status. Not d t d t i di ti h in its t t Only forwarding VTP advertisements, VTP is disabled on a transparent switch.
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VTP Pruning

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VTP Pruning

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VTP Pruning

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VTP Configuration g Guidelines

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Notes

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Topology example

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Confirm detail

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Confirm domain name

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Confirm version

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Add Vlan at server, enable trunking port

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Enable vtp client mode

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Verify vtp status

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Troubleshooting VTP g Connections

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Incompatible VTP Versions

Solutions:

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VTP Password Issues

Solutions:

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Incorrect VTP Domain Name

Solutions:

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Incorrect Revision Number

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Incorrect Revision Number

Solutions:

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Verify Revision Number

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Managing VLANs on a VTP Server

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Summary

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