Linux Basics Workshop

Electrical Department
--Sanket Lad (sanketmlad@ee.iitb.ac.in)

Partition type in Linux

Windows partition type are NTFS or FAT Similarly we have partition type as ext2, ext3, ext4, reiserfs, jfs, xfs, vfat, isofs, Sysfs, Procfs. But forget all the above, for beginner its only ext3(recommended) or ext4(latest). ext2 is outdated May be you need vfat, which is used for windows compatibility purpose.

File System Hierarchy

General partitioning

We can keep entire harddisk in one partition also, but it is highly unrecommended as this involves risk of data lost. Always keep your /home as a separate partition. Give some 2-4 GB space to your swap, it depends on available RAM Keep around 10 GB for / i.e. your base OS. Can also have one more /boot (used for grub recovery) mount command is used to mount disk , umount command for unmounting. Editing /etc/fstab file is a permanent way

ssh

Open a terminal ssh <username>@<ipaddress> ssh <username>@<hostname> ssh <username>@<ipaddress/hostname> -X ssh -X <username>@<ipaddress/hostname>

IITB_FTP and Sharada usage

ftp.iitb.ac.in Matlab, os, drivers, free softwares in windows as well as linux Set repos of IITB_FTP makes software installation faster nearly 10 times the normal. Access your sharada home directory using command ssh <username>@10.107.1.2 Create your own website by keeping html/php files in public_html directory of your account http://sharada.ee.iitb.ac.in/~<username>

Some general purpose commands

date : for displying current date vim : Widely used and recommended Editor printf "I am Sanket" echo I am Sanket who or w : to check who else is logged in passwd : to change the passowrd ls : listing the file man : Reference manual cd: change directory ifconfig : changing IP Address

Something about files

ls -al: to check Permissions What is permission? drwxrwxrwx cat: concatenation chmod :changing permissions chown :changing owner rm: Remove cp: Copy , mv: Move pwd : current directory path mkdir: make directory

Something about files (advance)

tar : Assembles several files and folder in single file gunzip/bunzip : Compression scp : Secure copy (mostly used for pc-pc) locate : to locate files grep : It is more sophisticated than locate, advantage of searching the file content also. Piping : This is not a command but a filtering technique ps/top : to check processes

Intro to latex

sudo apt-get install kile

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{report} \begin{document} \maketitle \begin{abstract} %some text \end{abstract} \begin{equation} \left[{\bf X} + {\rm a} \right] \end{equation} \begin{figure} \includegraphics{myfig.eps} \end{figure} \end{document}

Sample Ubuntu repo lines

deb ftp://ftp.iitb.ac.in/os/ubuntu/archives jaunty main restricted multiverse universe deb ftp://ftp.iitb.ac.in/os/ubuntu/archives jaunty-backports main restricted multiverse universe deb ftp://ftp.iitb.ac.in/os/ubuntu/archives jaunty-updates main restricted multiverse universe deb ftp://ftp.iitb.ac.in/os/ubuntu/archives jaunty-proposed main restricted multiverse universe deb ftp://ftp.iitb.ac.in/os/ubuntu/archives jaunty-security main restricted multiverse universe

Place this lines in /etc/apt/sources.list file Use following command to open this file sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list comment all other lines Replace jaunty in the above lines with lucid for 10.04, karmic for 9.10 and so on.. Following command to update all repositories sudo apt-get update