Aggression material to include Book Aggression and bullying (Suzanne Guerine. Ellis Hennessy) Aggression is not a scientific term.

It is taken from everyday English and use to describe number of functionally different behaviors that have in common the infliction of harm upon another person. Aggression is not a single type of action. Instead the word refers to a variety of things that people do is that cause physical, psychological and emotional harm to others. A child hitting, kicking or punching another child is probably close to most peoples stereotype of aggression during childhood but many other types of behaviors would also be classified as aggressive. Varieties of aggression have been identified in human beings such as angry retaliation, self defense and violence. The task of defining human aggression is surprisingly difficult (Bartol, 1995. p.182). Understanding, aggression, however means that it is important not only to distinguish between the different behavior but also the differing antecedence and aims and antecedence of behavior. In an attempt to understand aggression one distinction frequently made by researchers is between hostile and instrumental aggression. Instrumental (proactive) aggression is behavior intended to obtain something e.g pushing a child off a tricycle so that you can have a go of yourself. Hostile (reactive) aggression aims specifically to inflict harm or hurt on another person. The types of aggression that are typically related to cause psychological rather tha physical harm is reffered to as relational aggression and can include exculpation and gossips. For majority of children aggressive behavior is not a problem even though they may occassionaly behaves aggressively. There is also a small minority of children whose aggressive behavior become problematic and may include for example high level of fighting with peers, cruelty to people or animal, and/or attack on people.

Berkowitz(1993) argues that aggression develops and prevails depends upon 1. Persons genetic endowrment 2, prior conditioning and learning 3, recognition of the aspects of the situation that either facilitate or inhibit aggression. Biological factors Undoubtly there are physiological factors at play in aggression. Biological factors in aggression therefore make an important contribution at this point by contributing to probability of a persons reacting to increased negative affect with impulsive aggression. Several studies have establish a link between hormone levels and aggression (e.g Berman, Gladue, & Taylor, 1993; Gladue, 1991).moreover behavior genetic studies that have revealed a heritiability component in aggressive behavior (Ghodsian-Carpey & Baker, 1987; Miles & Carey, 1997) are probably best understood as reflecting an immediate, preconscious response tendency to aversive stimulation.Biology alone however does not define the entirety of aggression. A person may be predisposed to be aggressive, but there are thousands of other factors in that persons environment that can encourage or detract from an aggressive behavior. Situational factors peer relation is an important predictor of aggression. In many researches peer delinquency and gang membership predicted self reported violence (Hawkins, 1998; Reiss & Farrington, 1991; Elliot and menard, 1996). Researchers made a link between socioeconomic status and violent behavior it is reported that Family factors Numerous family factors predict aggression. Parent child relationship is very important in cognitive development of child. Parent child relationship includes parenting style, many researches indicated that authoritarian and permissive parenting style is a strong predictor of aggression (). Similary other parenting style also influence a childs behavior. Poor parental supervision, parental aggression, parental conflicts, disrupted families and poverty are also strong predictors of aggression development (Farrington, Jolliffe, Loeber, Stouthhamer-Loeber and Kalb, 2001; McCoord, 1977). Those children who are physically abused or went through harsh physical punishment by their parents are more prone to involve in aggressive act in their adolescents (Farrington, Loeber and Stouthhamer-Loeber, 2003; Malinosky-Rummell & Hansen, 1993; Eron, Huesmann and Zelli, 1991).

Emotional factor