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Professor Peter Bellwood

Contact:
Position: Professor of Archaeology Email: peter.bellwood@anu.edu.au Phone: + 61 2 6125 3120

Research and outreach

Prehistory of Southeast Asia and the Pacific from archaeological, linguistic and biological perspectives; origins of agriculture and resulting cultural, linguistic and biological developments (world-wide); interdisciplinary connections between archaeology, linguistics and human biology. Currently involved in archaeological fieldwork projects in the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam. Secretary-General of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association and Editor, Bulletin of the IndoPacific Prehistory Association. Member of the following editorial boards: Asian Perspectives; Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory; Journal of Austronesian Studies; Review of Archaeology; Sarawak Museum Journal. Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.

Recent and main publications

2007 Bellwood, Peter, Judith Cameron, Nguyen Van Viet and Bui Van Liem. Ancient boats, boat timbers, and locked mortise and tenon joints from Bronze Age northern Vietnam. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 36: 2-20. 2007 Southeast China and the prehistory of the Austronesians. In Tianlong Jiao ed., Lost Maritime Cultures: China and the Pacific. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.

2007-8 Understanding the Neolithic in northern India. Pragdhara 18:331-46 (Journal of the Uttar Pradesh State Archaeology Department, India). 2008 Archaeology and the origins of language families. In A. Bentley, H. Maschner and C. Chippindale eds, Handbook of Archaeological Theories, pp. 225-43. Lanham: Altamira. 2008 Bellwood, P. and E. Dizon. Austronesian cultural origins: out of Taiwan, via the Batanes Islands, and onwards to western Polynesia. In Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, Roger Blench, Malcolm D. Ross, Ilia Peiros and Marie Lin eds, Past Human Migrations in East Asia: Matching Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics, pp. 23-39. London: Routledge. 2008 Bellwood, P. and M. Oxenham. The expansions of farming societies and the role of the Neolithic Demographic Transition. In Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel and Ofer Bar-Yosef eds, The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences, pp. 13-34. Dordrecht: Springer. 2008 Bellwood, P., J. Stevenson, E. Dizon, A. Mijares, G. Lacsina and E. Robles. Where are the Neolithic landscapes of Ilocos Norte? Hukay 13:25-38. Manila. 2008 Die erste reiche Ernte (Historys first bountiful harvest). In James A. Robinson and Klaus Wiegandt eds, Die Ursprnge der modernen Welt, pp. 166-213. Frankfurt-am-Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 2009 Bellwood, Peter and Peter Hiscock. Holocene Australia and the Pacific Basin. In Chris Scarre ed., The Human Past, second revised edition, pp. 264-305. London: Thames and Hudson. 2009 Early farmers: issues of spread and migration with respect to the Indian Subcontinent. In Toshiki Osada ed., Linguistics, Archaeology and Human Past in South Asia, pp. 55-69. New Delhi: Manohar. 2009 The dispersals of established food-producing populations. Current Anthropology 50:621-6, with comments pp. 707-8. 2010 La diffusion des populations dagriculteurs dans le monde. In J-P. Demoule ed., La Revolution Neolithique dans le Monde, pp. 239-62. Paris: CNRS Editions. 2010 Language families and the history of human migration. In John Bowden, Nikolaus Himmelmann and Malcolm Ross, eds, A Journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: Papers in honour of Andrew K. Pawley, pp. 79-93. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

2011 Bellwood, P., Chambers, G., Ross, M. and Hung, H-C. 2011. Are cultures inherited? Multidisciplinary perspectives on the origins and migrations of Austronesian-speaking peoples prior to 1000 BC. In B. Roberts and M. Van der Linden, eds. Investigating Archaeological Cultures: Material Culture, Variability and Transmission, pp. 321-54. Dordrecht: Springer. 2011 Bellwood, P., Hung Hsiao-chun and Iizuka, Y. 2011. Taiwan jade in the Philippines: 3000 years of trade and long-distance interaction. In P. Benitez-Johannot ed., Paths of Origins: Austronesia in the Collections of the National Museum of the Philippines, the Museum Nasional Indonesia, and the Netherlands Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, pp. 30-41. Manila: ArtPostAsia. 2011 La dispersione dei primi agricoltori e delle famiglie linguistiche in Estremo Oriente. In R. Ciarla and M. Scarpati eds, La Cina, volume 1, Preistoria e origini della civilta Cinese, pp. 36996. In press. Holocene population history in the Pacific region as a model for world-wide food producer dispersals. Current Anthropology 52.

Peter Bellwood
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Peter Bellwood is a Professor of Archaeology at the School of Archaeology and Anthropology of the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra. His areas of specialization include prehistory of Southeast Asia and the Pacific from archaeological, linguistic and biological perspectives; origins of agriculture and resulting cultural, linguistic and biological developments (worldwide); interdisciplinary connections between archaeology, linguistics and human biology. He is currently involved in archaeological fieldwork projects in the Philippines and Vietnam.[1] Professor Bellwood is the Secretary-General of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association and editor of the Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, a member of the following editorial boards: Asian Perspectives; Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory; Journal of Austronesian Studies; Journal of World Prehistory; Review of Archaeology; Sarawak Museum Journal. He is a fellow of theAustralian Academy of the Humanities.[1] A fieldwork project in the northern Moluccas islands of eastern Indonesia, involving joint research with Indonesian scholars and Geoffrey Irwin of Auckland University yielded cave sequences covering the past 35,000 years, with very clear signals of an Austronesian presence commencing after 4000 BP.[2]
Contents
[hide]

1 Publications

o o o

1.1 Books 1.2 Book chapters 1.3 Journals and

magazines

1.4 Other publications 2 See also 3 References

[edit]Publications [edit]Books
Peter Bellwood (2004), First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies, John Wiley &

Sons, ISBN 9780631205661.

Ian Glover; Peter S. Bellwood (2004), Southeast Asia: from prehistory to history,

Routledge, ISBN 9780415297776.

Peter S. Bellwood; Colin Renfrew (2002), Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis,

McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, ISBN 9781902937205.

Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. Congress; Peter S. Bellwood (2001), Indo-Pacific prehistory:

the Melaka papers, Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Australian National University.

Bellwood (1997), Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago, University of Hawai'i

Press, ISBN 9780824819071.[dead link]

bellwood, Peter S. (2000), Presejarah Kepulauan Indo-Malaysia. (Translation of Bellwood 1997) Peter S. Bellwood; James J. Fox; Darrell T. Tryon (1995), The Austronesians: historical and

comparative perspectives, ANU E Press, ISBN 9780731521326.

Peter S. Bellwood; James J. Fox; Darrell T. Tryon (1995), The Austronesians: historical and

comparative perspectives, ANU E Press, ISBN 9780731521326.

Peter S. Bellwood (1988), Archaeological Research in South-eastern Sabah, Sabah Museum and

State Archives.

Virendra N. Misra; Peter Bellwood (1985), Recent advances in Indo-Pacific prehistory:

proceedings of the international symposium held at Poona, December 1921, 1978, BRILL,ISBN 9789004075122.

Peter S. Bellwood (1979), Man's conquest of the Pacific: the prehistory of Southeast Asia and

Oceania, =Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195201031.

Peter S. Bellwood (1978), The Polynesians: Prehistory of an Island People, Thames and

Hudson, ISBN 9780500020937.[dead link]

Peter S. Bellwood (1978), Archaeological research at Lake Mangakaware, Waikato, 1968-1970,

University of Otago, Dept. of Anthropology.

[edit]Book

chapters

Clifford Sather; James J. Fox, eds. (2006), "Chapter 2. Hierarchy, Founder Ideology and

Austronesean Expansion", Origins, Ancestry and Alliance Explorations in Austronesian Ethnography, ANU E Press, pp. 1942, ISBN 9781920942878.

Aleksandra IUrevna Akhenvald; Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald; Robert M. W. Dixon, eds.

(2006), "Chapter 2. Archaeology and the Historical determinants of Punctuation in Language-Family origins",Areal Diffusion and Genetic Inheritance: Problems in Comparative Linguistics, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199283088. *Peter Bellwood; Peter Hiscock (2005), "Australia and the Austronesians", in Christopher Scarre; Chris Scarre, The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies, Thames & Hudson, pp. 264305, ISBN 9780500285312.

Peter Bellwood (2005), "Chapter 1. Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis in the

East Asian context", in Sagart, R. Blench; Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, The peopling of East Asia: putting together archaeology, linguistics and genetics, Routledge, ISBN 9780415322423.

Peter Bellwood (2004), "Chapter 3. Colin Renfrew's Emerging Synthesis: Farming, Languages and

Genes as Viewed from the Antipodes", in Colin Renfrew; Martin Jones, Traces of ancestry: studies in honour of Colin Renfrew, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, pp. 31 40, ISBN 9781902937250.

Peter Bellwood (1991), "Prehistory", in Eric Oey, Sumatra, Periplus Editions,

p. 28, ISBN 9780945971139.

Gale de Giberne Sieveking; Ian H. Longworth; K. E. Wilson, eds. (1976), "Prehistoric Plant and

Animal Domestication in Austronesia", Problems in economic and social archaeology, Duckworth, pp. 153168, ISBN 9780715609422.

Peter Bellwood (1970), "Dispersal Centers in East Polynesia, With Special reference to the Society

and Marquesae islands", in Roger Curtis Green; Marion Kelly, Studies in oceanic culture history: papers, 1, Dept. of Anthropology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, pp. 9396.

[edit]Journals

and magazines

Peter Bellwood; Eusebio Dizon (2005), The Batanes Archaeological Project and the "Out Of

Taiwan" Hypothesis for Austronesian Dispersal, 1, Taitung, Taiwan: Journal of Austronesian Studies, pp. 132.[dead link]

Jared Diamond; Peter Bellwood (April 2003), Farmers and their languages: the first

expansions, 300, Science, pp. 597603.

Bellwood, Peter (2001), "Early agriculturalist population diasporas? Farming, languages and

genes", Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 181207, doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.181.

Ipol Datan; Peter Bellwood (1993), "Recent Research at Gua Sireh (Serian) and Lubang Angin

(Gunung Mulu National park), Sarawak", The Sarawak Museum journal, 44, Sarawak Museum, p. 93.

Peter Bellwood (1983), "Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago", Crossroads: An

Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 15, Northern Illinois University. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, p. 117.

"Excavations at Okatanmi Pa, South Kaipara Harbour", Journal of the Royal Society of New

Zealand, 1, The Society, 1971, p. 259.

[edit]Other

publications

Peter Bellwood (2005), The Early Movements of Austronesian-speaking Peoples in the Indonesian

Region, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).

Peter S Bellwood; Judith Cameron; S G Keates (2005), Indo-Pacific Prehistory: The Taipei

Papers : Proceedings of the 17th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Taipei, Taiwan, 9 to 15 September 2002., Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Australian National University.[dead link]

Peter Bellwood (2002), Enlightenment Or Obfuscation?: Some Afterthoughts. Peter Bellwood (2002), Farmers, Foragers, Languages, Genes: The Genesis of Agricultural

Societies.

Peter Bellwood (2000), Indo-Pacific Prehistory: The Melaka Papers. Vol 1 ; Pre-congress

Issue....., 6 ; Proceedings., Australian National University : Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association.

Peter S. Bellwood; Ian C. Glover; Harry Allen; Dianne Tillotson (1997), Indo-Pacific Prehistory:

The Chiang Mai Papers : Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 5 to 12 January 1994, Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Australian National University.

Peter Bellwood (1996), The Northern Moluccas as a Crossroads Between Indonesia and the

Pacific, Pusat Studi Asia Pasifik, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. Congress; Peter S. Bellwood (1996), Indo-Pacific prehistory:

the Ching Mai papers, 2, Australian National University.

Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Congress; Peter Bellwood; Harry Allen (1993), Indo-Pacific

Prehistory 1990: Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 26 August to 2 September 1990, Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association.

Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Congress; Peter Bellwood; harry Allen (1993), Indo-Pacific

Prehistory 1990: Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 26 August to 2 September 1990, Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association.

Peter S. Bellwood; Asok Kumar Datta; P. G. Chatterjee; Amiya Kumar Sen; Asok K. Ghosh

(1992), "peter+bellwood" Man and his culture, a resurgence, Books & Books, ISBN 9788185016337.

Peter Bellwood (1989), Cultural and Biological Differentiation in Peninsular Malaysia: The Last

10,000 Years, Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Pelancongan Malaysia : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP).

Wilhelm Gerhard Solheim; Peter Bellwood (1988), Asian Perspectives: IPPA Proceedings Issue,

University of Hawaii Press.

Peter Bellwood (1973), The Prehistory of Oceania, Dept. of Prehistory and Anthropology,

Australian National University.

Peter Bellwood (1978), Archaeological Research at Lake Mangakaware, Waikato, 1968-1970,

University of Otago, Department of Anthropology.

Peter Bellwood (1969), Archaeology on Rarotonga and Aitutaki, Cook Islands: A Preliminary

Report, University of Auckland.

Bellwood, Peter; Glover, Ian, eds., The peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific, Blackwell. Peter Bellwood, "Vladimir kovlevi Petruhin, Mihail Vasil'evi Krkov", Pokorenie elovekom

Tihogo okeana: go-Vostona Azi i Okeani v doistoriesku pohu

Austronesian Migration Theory

Austronesian Migration Theory propounds on the expansion of a group of people called the Austronesians from Asia into the Pacific by means of Taiwan 6,000 years ago. It was a theory proposed byPeter Bellwood a professor of Archeology. The theory largely explains the similarities in culture, language and physical attributes in different countries in the most Asian countries. The Austronesian migrations began from the Chinese mainland, reaching Taiwan first in 3500 BC then the Philippines by 3000 BC. They reached Sumatra and Java by 2000 BC, Northern New Guinea by 1600 BC, Samoa by 1200 BC, Hawaii, Easter Island, and Madagascar by 500 AD, etc.

Contents
[hide]

[edit]

1 The Austronesians Physical Type 2 Genetic Evidence 3 Traces of the Austronesians in Culture 4 Linguistic Similarities 5 References 6 Citation

The Austronesians Physical Type

Many scholars claim Austronesians are admixtures of Austroloids (a group which includes Veddoids, Australians, Negritos and Papuans) and Mongoloids. It is said that

the Austroloid descended fromNgandong man of Java, 9about 150,000 years ago who originated from the older Pithecanthropes of Java. The common features of an Austronesian type were: short face (one of the shortest of any group), high skull, mild epicanthic fold ("almond-shaped eyes"), mild alveolar prognathism (full lower lip with jaw projecting past plane of nose), shovel-shaped incissors and Mesorrhine (medium broad nose on average).

[edit]

Genetic Evidence

It was found out that we have more genetic similarities with aboriginal Taiwanese people in Terry Melton's study. [edit]

Traces of the Austronesians in Culture

The common heritage that we share with the Austronesians are visible in the occurrence of specific cultural characteristics such as tattooing, use of outriggers on canoes, features of ethnographic and prehistoric art styles, and social characteristics such as concern with birth order of siblings and a reverence for ancestral kin group founders. Peter Bellwood and Eusebio Dizon's work proposed that the Bataan sequence was divided into three provisional chronological phases. The first phase was called the Sunget Phase which was tentatively dated to between 3500 and 2700 BP. The Sunget assemblage reveals many clear connections with eastern coastal Taiwan during the Late Neolithic Beinan Phase. Evidences were the presences of artifacts of Taiwan nephrite and slate, red slipped and non-cord marked pottery with tall vertical handles, biconical baked clay spindle whorls, and binotched stone fishing sinkers. The following Naidi Phase (tentatively dated 2500 to 1500/1000 BP) contained

assemblages from many sites on Bataan, both inland and coastal (including Naidi itself), but the pottery rim forms from this phase differ from those of the Sunget Phase (albeit with some overlap) in being shorter and often more complex in cross-section. A phase of catastrophic volcanic eruption and landscape burial then occurred on Bataan between 1500 and 1000 BP (with no obvious volcanic repercussions on Itbayat or Sabtang), burying sites of the Sunget and Naidi Phases in northern and central Bataan. The Rakwaydi Phase continued after the eruption on Bataan from about 1000 BP to ethnographic times, with very similar undecorated (apart from occasional red-slipped) pottery forms being present at this time right across Bataan, Sabtang and Itbayat Fortified ijang and boat-shaped stone grave enclosures are characteristic of the Rakwaydi Phase in the Batanes according to E. Dizon's study. An inwashed layer of exterior topsoil was found at about 40-65 cm depth on an excavation in 2004 and 2005 in Bataan. This inwashed contained shreds of plain and red-slipped pottery, with everted rims were the same with the discovery at the site of Chaolaiqiao above Shanyuan Bay, near Taidong,

in eastern Taiwan. One specific item from Torongan with Taiwan affinity, found amongst the early plain and red slipped pottery, is a waisted stone hoe of igneous or metamorphic rock. They also found a circular-sectioned lugs or handles, attached either horizontally or vertically to the sides of globular restricted vessels. The tall vertical ones resemble the handles on northern and eastern Taiwan pottery. [edit]

Linguistic Similarities

The Austronesian language family is usually divided into two branches: MalayoPolynesian and Formosan. The Western sub-branch includes over 500 languages spoken in Madagascar, Malaysia,Indonesia, the Philippines, parts of Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. A total of 171 languages are spoken in the Philippines. Except for English, Spanish, Hokkien, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Chabacano, all of the languages belong to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of theAustronesian language family. There are 12 native languages with at least one million native speakers: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Sambal, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Waray-Waray, Kapampangan, Pan gasinan, Maranao, Maguindanao,Kinaray-a, and Tausug. One or more of these is spoken natively by more than 90% of the population.

1. Introduction: Southeast Asia and Oceania ; Races, langauges, ethnic groups and prehistory -2. Human populations : past and present: Present populations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific ; Genetic studies on Pacific populations ; Evolutionary processes in Oceania ; Natural selection, clines and gene flow ; Genetic drift and genetic distances ; The prehistoric record of man in Southeast Asia and the Pacific ; Homo erctus and modern man in Eastern Asia ; The racial history of Oceania -3. Cultural foundations: The Pleistocene epoch in Southesast Asia ; Industries of the Middle Pleistocene ; The Upper Pleistocene period ; Australia ; New Guinea ; The Hoabinhian technocomplex of the Southeast Asian mainland: North Vietnam. Malaya. Thailand. Laos and Cambodia. Sumatra. South China and Taiwan. The Hoabinhian sequence : a summary. Hoabinhian economy ; The earlier Holocene in island Southeast Asia : the flake and blade technocomplex ; Summary -4. The cultures of Southeast Asia and Oceania: The Southeast Asian mainland ; Island Southesast Asia ; The peoples of Oceania ; Melanesia ; The New Guinea highlands ; Island Melanesia ; Trade networks in Melanesia ; Melanesian material culture ; Micronesia ; Polynesia ; The ethnohistory of island Southeast Asia and Oceania -5. The linguistic history of the Pacific area: The language families of the Pacific ; The Papuan

languages ; The Austronesian languages ; The major Austronesian subgroups ; The western Austronesian languages ; The eastern Austronesian and Oceanic subgroups ; The languages of Polynesia ; The Polynesian outliers ; The languages of nuclear Micronesia ; A problem of correlation ; Dyen's lexicostatistical classification of the Austronesian languages ; The problem of Austronesian dominance in Indonesia -6. Subsistence patterns and their prehistoric implications: The origins of cultivation ; Indigenous major food plants of Southeast Asia and Oceania ; Cultivation systems and their development ; Cultivation in New Zealand ; The wet-field cultivation of rice ; Domestciated animals -7. Neolithic and early Metal Age cultures on the Southeast Asian mainland: The earliest pottery in Southeast Asia ; The prehistory of China ; Thailand : an independent focus of innovation? ; Lungshanoid influences in Thailand and Malaya? : the Ban Kao culture ; The Adze types of Southeast Asia ; An Adze-based migration theory ; The Neolithic sites and cultures of Indonesia. Cambodia. Vietnam ; Metal Age cultures in Southeast Asia ; The Dong-Son style of bronze metallurgy ; The Metal Age jar burial tradition : South Vietnam and Laos ; Stone burial jars and megaliths of northern Laos ; Summary -8. Neolithic and Metal Age cultures of island Southeast Asia: The Neolithic cultures of Taiwan ; Neolithic and Metal Age cultures in the Philippines ; The Late Neolithic and Metal Ages in the Central Philippines ; The Neolithic of Niah Cave, Sarawak ; Neolithic sites in eastern Indonesia ; Neolithic sites in western Indonesia ; The Metal Age of western and southern Indonesia ; Megaliths in Indonesia ; The problem of beads in Southeast Asian Metal Age sites ; Summary -9. The prehistory of Melanesia: Preceramic settlement in western Melanesia ; Ceramic assemblages in Melanesia. The Lapita culture ; Major sites of the lapita culture ; Who were the Lapita potters? ; Lapita-like assemblages in Melanesia ; The incised and applied-relief ceramics of Melanesia ; The non-Lapita prehistory of New Caledonia and Fiji ; Southeast Asian Metal Age influences in western Melanesia ; Comb-incised pottery in Melanesia ; Human sacrifice in the NEw Hebrides ; Stone structures and rock art in Melanesia ; The Melanesian past -10. The prehistory of Micronesia: Western Micronesia : the Marianas Islands ; The island of Yap ; The Palau Islands ; eastern Micronesia : the Caroline Islands ; Eastern Micronesia : Nukuoro Atoll ; Summary -11. The prehistory of Polynesia : part one: Canoes and their navigation ; The whence of the Polynesians : theorists galore ; The prehistory of western Polynesia ; The early eastern Polynesian culture (c.A.D. 300-1200) -12. The prehistory of Polynesia : part two: Later eastern Polynesian prehistory (c. A.D. 12001800) ; The Marquesas Islands ; Central Polynesia : the Society, Tuamotu, Austral and Southern Cook Islands ; The Society Islands ; The Tuamotu Archipelago ; The Asutral Islands ; The Southern Cook Islands ; The isolated Mystery Islands ; The Hawaiian Islands ; Easter Island -13. The prehistory of New Zealand: The view from tradition ; The coming of archaeology ; The New Zealand prehistoric sequence ; The origins of the Maoris ; Man and the Moas ; The Archaic

Phase in the South Island ; Economy, settlements and trade in the South Island ; The rock art of the South Island ; The Archaic Phase in the North Island ; The Classic Maori Phase ; The Classic Maori artefact assemblage ; Classic Maori settlements and economy ; The Chatham Islands ; Summary -14. Some problems for the future. Responsibility:

Peter Bel