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Lecture 36

LECTURE 36
Elastic Stabilit Of Columns
Introduction: S c a e be hich ca c e gh a dc - ec i a di e Columns: Sh , hic i c e Struts: L c g, e e de c a e ge e a e i i eached. The b c i g cc a ad a be e fec be a ed a i g , he fai b b c i g e he f i g ea . e i e bef e he ie d e i i e be a e ge e a i e ceeded. e ed c a d he e a fai b c hi g he he ie d e f he a e ia e i . i e ad a be di ided i b ad ca eg ie de e di g hei eai e

(a). he (b). he

aigh i i ia . a g he a i e i f he S . ha he i g e ac f if i i he

ied e ac

(c). e a a e ia

f he a e ia e ie h gh

a ie d i c he .

e eadi

I a he be c ide ed fa e ha e a ed ha a d i ei f i.e. e a ed ha a e be i i h e b e ai aigh . U de e ci c a ce def ai a ge h d g d a d he e be bec i e cha geab i he c e f b c i g f e de e be A a e f ad be di ba ce i be f e a e i ib i ided ha he a The e ica , i i a igh a e a di c di i .B c i g ea ie . The e i a ce f a A 2,

he def ai be b h g e i e i h i c ea i g ad e e i c e i bec e ge i e ge h e e, a i f ge i e a d i e e ab e. The e a dc a e ide ed, f e .]

he b c i g ad a i be i ab e e i ib i he e he di ace e ca ed b a ae a a ec e ed he he di ba ce i e ed. A he b c i g ad he i aid be i a a e , a d he e ica i h d ha be ib e ge def ec he i a i e i e a e i de f a e i e a . ib e f achie e a c di i f ab e e i ib i i h ad e ceedi g he b c i g ad, ba ce he ca i g fai e b b c i g, hi c di i i e e achie ed i ac ice de a ic ad cc i edia e a he i he e he b c i g ad i eached, i g he ea a ed e be be di g i de e i ed b i fe a igidi EI a d i The a i I a be i e a I=

Whe e I = a ea f

f i e ia - ec i . ih a di he ef e e a ed . The e i be i ci a e f

A = a ea f he c = adi The ad e i a ea hich he i e ia, if he ea f he e i a e fg ai

e be ca he he a i

I ca ed he

e de e

ai .I'

e ica a e i dica e

he he he ed b E e '

e be fa he .I

i he f

he c a

fc , diffe e

. ca e
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Euler's Theor : The

hich fai b b c i g ca be a a

i g ec i

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Lecture 36

of the struts have been analyzed. Case A: Strut ith pinned ends:

Consider an axially loaded strut, shown below, and is subjected to an axial load P' this load P' produces a deflection y' at a distance x' from one end. Assume that the ends are either pin jointed or rounded so that there is no moment at either end.

Assumption: The strut is assumed to be initially straight, the end load being applied axially through centroid.

In this equation M' is not a function x'. Therefore this equation can not be integrated directly as has been done in the case of deflection of beams by integration method.

Though this equation is in y' but we can't say at this stage where the deflection would be maximum or minimum. So the above differential equation can be arranged in the following form Let us define a operator D = d/dx (D2 + n2 ) y =0 where n2 = P/EI This is a second order differential equation which has a solution of the form consisting of complimentary function and particular integral but for the time being we are interested in the complementary solution only[in this P.I = 0; since the R.H.S
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Lecture 36

of Diff. equation = 0] Thus y = A cos (nx) + B sin (nx) Where A and B are some constants. Therefore

In order to evaluate the constants A and B let us apply the boundary conditions, (i) at x = 0; y = 0 (ii) at x = L ; y = 0 Applying the first boundary condition yields A = 0. Applying the second boundary condition gives

From the above relationship the least value of P which will cause the strut to buckle, and it is called the Load Pe from which w obtain.

E ler Crippling

The interpretation of the above analysis is that for all the values of the load P, other than those which make sin nL = 0; the strut will remain perfectly straight since y = B sin nL = 0 For the particular value of

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Lecture 36

Then we say that the strut is in a state of neutral equilibrium, and theoretically any deflection which it suffers will be maintained. This is subjected to the limitation that L' remains sensibly constant and in practice slight increase in load at the critical value will cause the deflection to increase appreciably until the material fails by yielding. Further it should be noted that the deflection is not proportional to load, and this applies to all strut problems; like wise it will be found that the maximum stress is not proportional to load. The solution chosen of nL = is just one particular solution; the solutions nL= 2 , 3 , 5 etc are equally valid mathematically and they do, infact, produce values of Pe ' which are equally valid for modes of buckling of strut different from that of a simple bow. Theoretically therefore, there are an infinite number of values of Pe , each corresponding with a different mode of buckling. The value selected above is so called the fundamental mode value and is the lowest critical load producing the single bow buckling condition. The solution nL = 2 produces buckling in two half waves, 3 in three half-waves etc.

If load is applied sufficiently quickly to the strut, then it is possible to pass through the fundamental mode and to achieve at least one of the other modes which are theoretically possible. In practical loading situations, however, this is rarely achieved since the high stress associated with the first critical condition generally ensures immediate collapse. struts and columns ith other end conditions: Let us consider the struts and columns having different end conditions

Case b: One end fi ed and the other free:

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ii gd

he a e f be di g

a he

He ce i The i

ea

, he diffe e ia e ee ( ai )+ i ( dc

ai i

ed ce fc

( D2 + 2 ) = 2 a e e a i a d a ic a i , he ef e

f he ab
ge

= Ac

) + P. I

he e P.I = he P.I i a a ic a He ce P.I = a The ef e he c Y= Ac N i (i) a Thi (ii) a Thi He ce = ac F he , a ( )+a i g he b = 0; = 0 ie d A = -a = 0; d /d = 0 ie d B = 0 ( da ee )+B i ( c di i i bec )+a e a a e he c a Aa d B e a e f hich a i fie he diffe e ia e ai

= L; = a ( )+a 0=c ( L) d be
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The ef e a = - a c N he f da e a

de f b c i g i

hi ca e

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Lecture 36

Case 3 Strut ith fi ed ends:

Due to the fixed end supports bending moment would also appears at the supports, since this is the property of the support. Bending Moment at point C = M P.y

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Th s,

Case 4 One end fi ed, the other pinned

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In o de o main ain he pin-join on he ho i on al a i of he nloaded , i i nece a in hi e ical load F a he pin. The momen of F abo he b il in end hen balance he fi ing momen . Wi h he o igin a he b il in end, he B,M a C i gi en a

ca e o in od ce a

Al o

hen = L ; = 0

The efo e nL Co nL = Sin nL o an nL = nL hich a i fie hi condi ion and hich he efo e p od ce he f ndamen al

The lo e al e of nL ( neglec ing e o) b ckling condi ion i nL = 4.49 adian

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Lecture 36

Eq i alen S r

Leng h: f . he b c i g ad f a ih i ed e d he E e ad f he e d c di i a a

Ha i g de i ed he e be i e i he a e f

Whe e L i he e c di i .

i ae

e gh

f he

a d ca

be e a ed

he ac a e g h

f he

de e di g def ec i e ghi ad f c e

he e d e h ic ed . he ,

The e i a e e g h i f d be he e g h f a i e b (ha f i e a e) i each f he The b c i g ad f each e d c di i h i he eadi b ai ed. The e f e i a e E e ' he a d i i be ed i he de i a i ae . The c i ica ad f c i h he e d c hich i a e a a f da e a ca e. di i ca be e e ed i e

f he c i ica fi ha he

a hi ged c

F ca e(c) ee he fig e, he c ha i f ec i i a be di g e i e a a i f i f ec i , he f eeb d diag a i e i ae a hi ged c ha i g a effec i e e g h Le = L / 2. The f diffe e ca e i hich ed e ha e c ide ed fa a e: he f ee he i ed

a e i d i dica e

ed e g h. Si ce he idd e ha f f he fi ed e ded

(a) B h e d

(c) O e e d fi ed,

(b) B h e d fi ed

(d) O e e d fi ed a d

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Go o Home

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