Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Cabinet
SMPS
Mother Board
DVD Drive
CD Writer
AGP Card
LAN Card
Cabinet
Power LED HDD LED Power Switch Reset Switch
Speaker
SYSTEM CABINET : A system case is a metal and plastic case that houses the main components of the computer. it protects the computer hardware from heat ,light ,temperature . The system case provides a rigid structural framework to the components which ensures that every thing fits together and works in a well organized manner it also protects inside of the system from physical damage and electrical interference It also provides cooling to the vital components it also provides information inside the box the user by using lights or LEDS
SMPS:The power supply / SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) is a transformer and a voltage control device in a computer . It transfers power to all the electronic components by converting the AC (Alternating current /high power current) to DC (Direct current / Low power) supply. The power supply also contains the main fan that controls the flow of air through the system case. This fan is major component in pc cooling system.
SMPS
Switching Mode Power Supply
SMPS Fan
Purple(P) +5V Stand By Blue(Blu) -12V Green(G) Power Supply On White(W) -5V
Blu
11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6
17 18 19 20 7 8 9 10
Y
Gr
12V
5V
GND
12V
GND
5V
12V
GND
5V
3.3V
(P6)
PROCESSOR: processor often called CPU ,is the central component of the computer it is also called as the brain of the computer . Every work that is done by the user on the computer is done either directly or indirectly by the processor. Processor executes the instructions given by the user. speed of the processor is measured in Hertz. Speed of the processor is calculated by calculating the no of instructions it can execute in one second 1Hz=1cycle/second [ cycle means executing an instruction] 1MHz=1million cycles/second 1 GHz=1Billion cycles/second 1.6Ghz=1.6 Billion cycles/ second [ it is capable of executing 1.6 Billion instructions in one second] INTEL (Integrated Electronics) and AMD (Advanced Micro Device) are the companies manufacturing processors .Intel releasing processors with the name of p series (p-1,p-2,p-3,p-4) AMD releasing processors with the name Athlon ( Athlon,AthlonXP)
Clock Speed
L2 Cache
Pin 1 Indication
Fan
GND
12V
MAIN MEMORY: Main Memory is the place where the computer holds the programs and data that are currently in use .It is also called as RAM(Random Access Memory) Ram is volatile memory that means temporary memory it requires power supply any thins that is stored in the ram is erased when the power is off For Main Memory two types of memory chips are used SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module):only pins on onside, less speed DIMM(Dual inline Memory Module) :pins on both side, high speed RAM s are of four types SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic) : it contains two notches (DIMM Type) and it is of 64 bit and contains 168 pins and speed is 66MHz/100MHz/133MHz DDR (Dual Data Rate): it contains only one notch (DIMM Type) . It is of 64 bit and contains 184 pins and speed is 166MHz/200MHz/233MHz/333MHz/400MHz DDR2:looks same like DDR , in DDR2 notch is exactly at middle (DIMM Type). It is of 64 bit and contains 240 pins and speed is 66MHz/400MHz/677MHz/800MHz
DDR RAM
Mother Board: Mother Board also known as system board , is a large multi layered printed circuit board inside a computer . The Mother Board contains the CPU ,the BIOS/ROM chip ,and the CMOS setup information .it has expansion slots for installing different adapter cards like video card, sound card, NIC card ,modem ,this circuit board provides a connector for connecting All the peripheral components like mouse , keyboard ,printer , vdu it also contains slots for placing processors.
Mother Board
Socket 478
Mother Board
North Bridge
Mother Board
South Bridge
Mother Board
CMOS Battery
Mother Board
Mother Board
Ports
Mother Board
SD RAM Slots DDR RAM Slots
RAM Slots
Mother Board
AGP Slot
Mother Board
PCI Slots
Mother Board
CNR Slot
Mother Board
BIOS
Mother Board
Mother Board
Socket 478
SD RAM Slots
North Bridge
South Bridge
Socket 478
Socket Name
Pin 1 Indication
Locking Lever
North Bridge
Socket 478
Mother Board
North Bridge
Controls the high speed devices
AGP Slot
SD RAM Slots
South Bridge
Socket 478
SD RAM Slots
North Bridge
South Bridge
ROM: It is a non volatile memory means permanent storage device it is used to store BIOS
BIOS (Basic Input Output System): BIOS is an interface between hardware and the software .FIRMWARE is the technical term for BIOS. It is present inside the ROM .It consists of several routines and startup instructions . It runs as soon as the machine is switched on and it checks the computer what hardware is connected and conducts simple test called post (power on self test) if all the tests are passed then it determines the device(harddisk / cd) to boot the machine. In most of the pcs booting device is set to primary harddisk
CMOS Battery
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) : motherboard includes a separate block of memory which needs very less power called CMOS . This chip is always on by using a battery even when the power is off. The function of the CMOS chip is to store basic information about the pc ex:configuration number, type of hard and floppy drives, memory capacity The other important data which is kept in CMOS memory is system time and date The clock ,CMOS chip, batteries all combined in to a single chip
Secondary
Primary
CMOS Jumper
AGP Slot
BIOS Ports
PCI Slots
Game Port
Serial Port
VGA Port
Sound Ports
PS/2 ports: it is a standard serial port connector used to plug computer mouse and keyboard. It consists of 6 pins in small and round shape socket. Serial ports : it is general purpose communication port through which data is sent serially , that is one bit at a time. these ports are used for transmitting data over longer distances. Because of its slow speed these computers are used for computer mouse and modem Parallel port: it is an interface on a computer, which supports transmission of multiple bits of data at the same time .it is faster and is exclusively used for connecting printers. USB port:(Universal Serial Bus) is a plug and play hardware interface for connecting peripherals such as mouse,joystick,pendrives. It has the capability to connect up to 127 devices. these are replacement of parallel and serial ports VGA port: used for connecting monitor Game ports: these are used for connecting joysticks Sound port:used for connecting speakers/headset Ethernet port: used for connecting our system to a network /other computer
North Bridge
266 MHz
133 MHz
North Bridge
AGP Slot
BIOS Ports
PCI Slots
AGP Slot
Accelerated Graphics Port
66MHz
PCI Slots
Peripheral Component Interconnect
33MHz
CNR Slot
PCI Slots
CNR Slot
Socket 478
SD RAM Slots
North Bridge
South Bridge
IDE Connector
Power Connector
Access LED
Eject Button
Power Connector
CD Writer
Vendor Name
Write Speed
Read Speed
Pin Hole
Re Write Speed
ESPANSION CARDS: Sound cards: an expansion card that allows the computer to output sound through connected speakers , to record sound from a microphone input sound card is used Video cards: video cards are used for editing digital videos' these are used for designing graphics Network Interface card: NIC card is a computer circuit board that is fixed in a computer so that it can be connected to other systems of the network Modem(Modulation and Demodulation): it is used for connecting our computer to internet using ordinary phone lines.
AGP Card
LAN Card
RJ 45 Jack
Cables
Floppy Drive Cable IDE Cables
40 Conductor Cable
Low Speed
80 Conductor Cable
High Speed
Thank You