Dierentiability and Continuity

Chapter 3
The Derivative and Dierenitiation Section S First Semester A.Y. 2011-2012
Mathematics Division Institute of Mathermatical Sciences and Physics University of the Philippines Los Baos n

A function f is said to be dierentiable at a number a if f (a) exists Let f be a function dened at every number in some interval [x0 , b). The right-hand derivative of f at x0 denoted by f+ (x0 ) is given by f+ (x0 ) = lim+
h0

August 9, 2011

f (x0 + h) f (x0 ) h

(1)

if this limit exists

JB Mamplata MATH 26 3.2

Dierentiability and Continuity

Dierentiability and Continuity

Let f be a function dened at every number in some interval (a, x0 ]. The left-hand derivative of f at x0 denoted by f (x0 ) is given by f (x0 + h) f (x0 ) f (x0 ) = lim h0 h if this limit exists (2)

Remark: A function f is dierentiable at a number x0 if and only if both the left- and right-hand derivatives exist and are equal, that is, f (x0 ) and f+ (x0 ) exist f (x0 ) = f+ (x0 )

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

Dierentiability and Continuity

Theorem 3.2.1 If a function f is dierentiable at a number a, then f is continuous at a.

Dierentiability and Continuity

Theorem 3.2.2 A polynomial function is dierentiable everywhere. Theorem 3.2.3 A rational function is dierentiable at every number in its domain.

Note: The converse of Theorem 3.2.1 is not always true, that is, if a function f is continuous at a number, it does not follow that f is dierentiable at that number.
JB Mamplata MATH 26 3.2

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

Dierentiability and Continuity

Dierentiability and Continuity

x2 1 if x < 1 Example: Let f (x) = 1 x2 if x 1 a. Find f+ (1) and f (1) b. Is f dierentiable at 1? Justify your answer.

Example: Let f (x) =

2x if x < 2 4 2 x if x > 2

if x = 2

a. Show that f is continuous at 2 b. Is f dierentiable at 2? Justify your answer.

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

Dierentiability and Continuity

Basic Theorems on Dierentiation

2x 1if x 1 Example: Let f (x) = x2 if x < 1 dierentiable at 1? Justify your answer.

Theorem 3.3.1 If f (x) = k where k is any constant, then f (x) = 0. . Is f Theorem 3.3.2 If f (x) = xn where n is any real number, then f (x) = nxn1 .

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

Basic Theorems on Dierentiation

Basic Theorems on Dierentiation

Theorem 3.3.3 If f (x) = kg(x) where k is any constant, then

Example: Find f (x) in each of the following: a. f (x) = 3 b. f (x) = x c. f (x) = x

5

f (x) = kg (x). Theorem 3.3.4 If f (x) = g(x) h(x), then f (x) = g (x) h(x). Theorem 3.3.5 If f (x) = f1 (x) f2 (x) fn (x), then f (x) = f1 (x) f2 (x) fn (x)

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

Basic Theorems on Dierentiation

Basic Theorems on Dierentiation

Theorem 3.3.6 If f (x) = g(x)h(x), then

Example: Find f (x) in each of the following: a. f (x) = 5x 2 b. f (x) = 3 + 13 x c. f (x) = 1 2x2 + 3x3 4x4
7

f (x) = g(x)h (x) + h(x)g (x) Theorem 3.3.7 g(x) If f (x) = , then h(x) f (x) = h(x)g (x) g(x)h (x) [h(x)]2
JB Mamplata MATH 26 3.2

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2

Basic Theorems on Dierentiation

Example: Find f (x) in each of the following: a. f (x) = (x3 + 2x2 1)(3 x 2x1 + 4) 1 x2 b. f (x) = 3 3x 2x2 + 1 2x3 1 c. f (x) = 3 x (x 3)(5x3 23) d. f (x) = 2x2 1

JB Mamplata

MATH 26 3.2