Media and its Functions in Rural Areas concerning Basic Science: (A case study in Kuchli, Dhultukuri, Bengutia,

Jaljalia village under Kankalitala Gram Panchayat.)

By Anindita Paul. Roll No: MA II 198.

Centre for Journalism and Mass Communication Visva Bharati, Santiniketan Birbhum, West Bengal 2010

Centre for 731236 Journalism & Mass Communication

Santiniketan Birbhum, W.B.

VISVA BHARATI Founded by RABINDRANATH TAGORE CERTIFICATE Ref. No Date 15-05-2010

This to Certify that the thesis entitled as Media and its Function in Rural Areas Concerning Basic Science (A case study in Kuchli, Dhultukuri, Bengutia, Jaljalia village under Kankalitala Gram Panchayat ) submitted by Anindita Paul as to the Center for Journalism & Mass Communication, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course of Post Graduation in Journalism & Mass Communication, has been carried out during the academic session 2008-10 and is a record of authentic work carried out by her under my supervision & guidance. To the best of my knowledge and belief it has not been submitted to any institute or University for the award any degree/diploma. I permit to submit it for examination. I wish her success in life.

(DR. Manas Ray) Professor, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

When the topic of my dissertation paper came to me, it appeared to me as an enormous task. Slowly as I progressed, I realized that I was not alone after all, there was friends, well wishers and seniors, who with their generous help and support made it relatively a easier job. I would like to express my gratitude to all the concerned persons who have extended their kind help, guidance and suggestions without which it could not have been possible for me to complete this dissertation paper. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr. Manas Ray, professor of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketain, for his valuable guidance, encouragement and constant inspiration throughout the preparation of this dissertation in spite of his busy schedule. My sincere thanks to my friend Debashree Paul, Mr. Amal Das, who actually helped me in the process of my research work in this topic. Last but not the least without the help, support, loyalty and caring love of my parents and my loving brother this project would have never been possible.

Recorder Date -15-5-2010 Place Visva Bharati, Santiniketan Anindita Paul Roll No- MA II-198.

CONTENT

Pg No

1)CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES RESEARCH DESIGN 2)CHAPTER II BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF MY STUDY AREA 3)CHAPTER III AWARENESS ON BASIC SCIENCS ISSUES 4)CHAPTER IV DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES 5)CHAPTER V BARRIERS 6)CHAPTERVI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 7)CHAPTER VII BIBLIOGRAPHY

1-6

7-10 11-17 18-19 20 21 22

CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION
India is still a country of rural bias. Nearly 76 per cent of its people live in the villages, half of the countrys national income is derived from agricultural and its allied activities. It provides livelihood to about three fourths of the population. But, at the same time, illiteracy in the villages is very high. A large number of rural folk are living below the poverty line. The reason is that they do not know about their basic rights and duties. They are still ill-informed and ignorant. They need information for their development. Although, we all know the potential of rural sector we have not given due importance to rural information service. Reason for this may be many. But now the time has come when we can no longer ignore the information needs of the rural people. It is now a well-established fact that information is a resource. It is not only resource but it is energy too. It is a catalytic agent that motivates the people to take right decision at the right time. It also helps in increasing the produce of the country.

Egalitarianism:
It should also be understood that information is not a birth right of leaders or the intelligentsia. It is equally important to the illiterate and the downtrodden. In a democratic set-up every individual is important. Many times it is his decision which prevails upon the society. Therefore, the masses have to be not only informed but well informed. So far, we have been catering the information needs of only elites. Technology transfer means many things to many people. But here we are limiting the meaning generated in agricultural teaching research institutions. And also the transfer of information which may be useful for the villagers for their total development. 1 There is no dearth of information generation in the field of agriculture. There are more than 125 institutions (including agricultural

universities) which are engaged in agricultural research and innovations in the country. A lot of agricultural information is generated in these places of learning. But there has always been a gap between information generation and its dissemination to its ultimate users. Farmers are unable to keep pace with the fast growing technology in the field of agricultural production. Here we may mention that farmers are not only in the need of information regarding agriculture and animal husbandry but they are interested in all kinds of information which help them for their total development or to the total transformation of traditional society to modern society which will be free from all kind of blind faith, dogmas, and unnecessary rituals. Dissemination: How to disseminate information to rural people fast is the problem which has to be solved by the librarian and information scientist alike. For this we have to use not only conventional methods of dissemination of information as well. The non-conventional methods viz. audio-visual, electronic media, film etc. can take care of information needs of literate and illiterate together. Old concept of library with a book store has already become outdated. Now libraries have to transform themselves into the information centre equipped with all the audio-visual methods. There are about 50,000 libraries in India. But these libraries are not able to meet the information needs of even urban people what to talk of rural people. There are more than five lakhs villages and about 5028 blocks. Information needs of rural people have to be evaluated in scientific manner only then efforts to meet information needs may be made. We have a gram panchayat at every village. We also have about 5028 community development blocks. We have adequate administrative set-up to channelise the information. The only thing needed today is to make them information oriented and bring them under one structure. We may have to turn gram panchayat chopals in to information centres. This chopal may work as information bank for the village people. They can look to this chopal as a well- equipped information centre where they can seek any information which is useful for their development. Channels: There are information channels which supply information to the rural folk. There are libraries run by every state. There are field publicity officers which are controlled by the Central Government. 2

There are people who give information about family planning. There are extension workers who give them information about agriculture and animal husbandry. All this efforts are there to achieve one aim that is a total transformation of villages. But there is lack of co-ordination among them. That is why there is a lot of duplication of efforts which could have been utilized in some better ways. So we have to create a new channel which will be free from all these snags and will be able to supply the necessary information to the rural folk. In this channel, radio, television, film, video and other tradition medium will have to play a vital role in the dissemination of information. A brief account of their potentiality in disseminating information will not be out of place here. Radio: Radio is the most potent medium for information dissemination. Reach of radio is about 95.3 per cent of the total population. It also covers about 84.2 per cent of the area of the country. It has a special unit know as Farm and Home unit. This prepares programmes for rural people. Programmes of this unit are popular and people listen to these. But enough radio sets are available. Need for the development of a cheaper radio set and to make them available at information centre is need of the hour. Television: Very few villages have television sets. Power of the magic lamp has been proved during one year of SITE programme. People have now evaluated the utility of the SITE programme and now they feel that television can do a lot in disseminating information. Only due to its forbidding cost this medium is not being favoured by the planners. Otherwise study of Krishi Darshan has proved that it has been able to change the outlook of rural people, about agricultural methods, education and way of life. We may have a television set in very information centre where the rural folk can come and enjoy the programme disseminated by it. Film: Film is a visual medium and its impact on the audience is immense. But very little has been done in this direction. The film division is directly responsible for producing documentary films. About 25 documentary films on various themes are being produced by the division. Only producing films on various subject interest to farmers is not enough. Proper facilities for their exhibition is essential. Then only people may prefer to live in villages rather than rushing to the towns. Emphasis should be more on knowledge dissemination in the form of entertaining stories.

3 Exhibition: Exhibition are also a good technique of spreading messages. They can transmit the idea quickly because they transmit messages through visual method. This should be exploited for disseminating information for rural people. The Directorate of field publicity organizes exhibitions and films shows time to time for spreading messages. But that is not enough. Co-ordinated efforts are needed to disseminate new and innovative ideas. Time gaps should be lessened between a laboratory and the field. Video: Invention of video has made dissemination of information easy even in far-flung rural areas. The kit can be easily used for disseminating the information which may be useful for rural folk. Efforts should be made to exploit fully this medium. Traditional Media: There are some media which are very much liked by the villagers and these can be used for dissemination of information. Folk dances, folk songs and folk drama are popular among masses. Besides this inter personal communication, organizing talks, discussion on topics of interest will also prove useful to them. An information centre or a library should be equipped with these channels of information for quick dissemination of right type of information. Big programmes have failed due to lack of proper system of dissemination of information. People should have a sense of participation in the programme. Eradication of illiteracy and family planning programme did not succeed much because of lack of proper co-ordination at different levels of agencies which were responsible for dissemination of information. The present system of dissemination of information cannot be one-sided. There should be some mechanization built in the system so that reactions of people can reach to the highest authority without delay. From laboratory to village information should reach quickly. They should also be able to display the findings of one village to another village and an outstanding innovation should be communicated to the people residing in other parts of the country.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the study are 1. To study whether the existing administrative system is appropriate and capable of realising the goals of rural development. 2. To study the socio-economic background of the sample house holds. 3. To study the peoples attitude towards Govt. and its officials for the implementation of various rural development programmes. 4. To study the development in the field of education, health and hygiene communication in these areas. 5. To study in detail the effectiveness of the developmental schemes and measures taken by the Gram Panchayat for enhancing the services to the rural people.

Methodology & Techniques

Source of Data Collection : Data has been collected through two major sources : (i) (ii) Primary Sources : The Villagers of my study area. Secondary Sources : Govt. and Non-Govt. records.

(a) Primary Data : The data which are collected from the field by direct interview is known as primary data. This is such type of data which is collected for the first time. (b) Secondary Data : These data have been collected from Gram Panchayat and from various Govt. Publication. Techniques of Investigation The techniques for investigation have been followed to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Methodological consideration covered individual interview as well as group interview method for data collection. Tabulation and analysis After collection of data from both the sources it has been tabulated and analyzed with the help of simple method of techniques for writing dissertation.

RESEARCH DESIGN
1) I started my library work on 12th February and continued till the first week of March, 2010. 1) 21st 29th of March, 2010 I began my field work. 2) 1st 10th of April, 2010 data analysis and chapterization was done. 3) 11th 14th of April, 2010 thesis writing was conducted.

4) 15th 18th of April, 2010 typing, binding was done. 6 CHAPTER II BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF MY STUDY AREA Field investigation was made is some selected villages which are under Kankalitala Gram Panchayat. The selected villages are Kuchli, Dhultukuri under Kuchli sansad, Bengutia, Jaljalia under Bengutia Jaljalia sansad. The filed investigation of the sample villages was very much purposive. At first I made a report with the tribals of those area, after that I communicated with the people who were interested to talk with me and can serve my purpose. Field investigation was done is 40 house hold, i.e. 10 house hold from each village which are namely. Kuchli, Dhultukuri, Bengutia, Jaljalia village. The period of field investigation was during 20 th 29th of March 2010. TABLE -1

ADMINISTRATIVE LOCATION OF THE VILLAGES.

SL. No. 1 2 3 4 Name of the Village Kuchli Dhultukuri Bengutia Jaljalia Name of Gram Panchayat Kankalitala Gram Panchayat ,, ,, ,, Name of Block Bolpur Sriniketan ,, ,, ,, Name of Police Station Bolpur Police Station ,, ,, ,, Name of household surveyed 10 10 10 10

SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE SAMPLE HOUSE HOLDS

This Section makes an attempt to discus the Socio-economic profile of the sample households in the village of Kuchli, Dhultukuri, Bengutia, Jaljalia. The Socio-economic profile could be explained under the following: A] Age sex composition. B] Economic status.

C] Literacy Rate. 7 TABLE-2

AGE SEX COMPOSITION OF THE SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD OOF THE STUDIED VILLAGES.
Name Village of Number of Age Group household 0-6 7-14 M F M F Kuchli 10 3 2 4 9 Dhultukuri 10 4 1 4 8 Bengutia 10 6 3 2 3 Jaljalia 10 6 3 3 6 15-59 M F 16 15 14 18 18 18 18 17 60 + M F 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 Population 52 53 53 56

TABLE-3

VILLAGE POPULATION BY SEX

SL.No. Name of Identificatio Number the Village n of the of Village househol d 1 2 3 4 Kuchli Dhultukuri Bengutia Jaljalia Multiethnic Multiethnic Tribal Tribal 289 289 210 210 Mal e Femal e Population Total

490 275 292 205

459 263 282 184

949 538 574 389

* Source Kankalita G.P.

This table gives details about the population of four villages. Kuchli and Dhultukuri is a multi ethnic village comprising general caste, scheduled caste and scheduled tribal. While Bengutia and Jaljalia village are mainly tribal area comprising less number of scheduled caste, general caste while the tribal population is maximum.

8 TABLE-4

ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD OF THE STUDIED VILLAGES

Name of the Village Occupation Agriculture Others Kuchli Dhultukuri Bengutia Jaljalia 8 8 9 8 3 2 1 3 Amount of Income in Rs. Up to Rs. 1000 5 4 6 5 Up to Rs. 1000-4999 4 4 3 3 Rs. 5000+ 2 2 1 3 Total Househol d Surveyed 10 10 10 10

The table provides us with a detailed information on the economic status of the 40 sample household in 4 respective village in Birbhum. By studying the survey chart it is evident that the sample household primarily depends on agriculture. TABLE-5

LITERACY RATE OF THE SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD OF THE STUDIED VILLAGES

Name of Village

Illiterate

Literate

Formal Education Total Primary Secondar y 12 11 4 3 Higher Secondar y 4 2 1 2

Kuchli Dhultukuri Bengutia Jaljalia

11 5 14 12

16 15 17 15

15 10 13 10

58 43 49 42

9 The above table shows the literacy rate in the sample household of the respective village. The total number literate villagers in Kuchli village is 58, Dhultukuri consist of 43 number of literate villages, 49 literate villagers are there at Bengutia Village and Jaljalia consist of 42 literate villagers in terms of 40 sample household, 10 household from each village.

TABLE-6

DETAILS OF SANSAD (AS PER REVISION OF 2008) UNDER KANKALITALA GRAM PANCHAYAT, BLOCK : BOLPUR SRINIKETAN, BIRBHUM.
Sansad No. Name of Sansad Name of villages with in this Sasad Total no of House hold Details of Population as per census 2001 Total no of popul ation 1487 963 S.C. popula tion 402 216 S.T. pop ulati on 513 381 Other popul ation 572 366 Total Job card issued (upto 31.3. 2008) 354 179 J.L. No.

1 2

Kuchli BengutiaJaljalia

Kuchli, Dhultukuri Bengutia, Jaljalia, Bekajol Adibasi para

289 216

85, 86 73, 74

10

CHAPTER-III :AWARENESS ON BASIC SCIENCE ISSUES

The rural village people needs to be educated and informed on several basic issues with the help of mass media.

Health & hygiene In 1974 smallpox epidemic in India.

plague in India. plague epidemic in India. H5N1 outbreak in India. H5N1 outbreak in W.B. Hepatitis outbreak in Gujarat. HIV/ AIDS in India. Malnutrition in India. Obesity in India. Chichungunya, Dengue fever, Tuberculosis, Skeletal fleerosis in India. To prevent disease of children and women, WHO was invented vaccine for each disease which should give them earlier stage of baby and pregnant women for protecting themselves. 1994 1994 2006 2008 2009

Vaccine Primary Vaccine: BCG

Oral polio DPT Hepatitis B

Age
Birth (tuberculosis). Birth 14 weeks. 6 weeks 14 weeks. 6weeks 14 weeks. 16 months 24 5 Years. at 10 years and again At 16 years 9,18,24,30 and 36 as early as possible during Pregnancy. 1 month after 1st dose. If previously vaccinated

Booster Dose: months.

DPT + Oral polio DT Tetanus toxoid (TT) Vitamin A

month. Pregnant Women: (TT) 1st dose 2nd dose Booster within 3 years. Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is a liver disease. It is caused by the hepatitis B Virus. Its spread out with blood other body fluid or of an

infected reason. Suffering by this disease person gets feeling sick, tiredness, muscles or stomach pains, diarrhea, Vomiting and yellow skin or eyes (jaundice). 11 HIB: (Haemophiless Influenza type B) was the leading course of bacterial meningitis in children less them 5 years. Its spread out through air by coughing, sneezing and breathing. Person gets meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottis, arthritis from this kind of bacteria. Chickenpox: Varicella was recently one of the most common type of childhood disease. It spreads from sneezing, breathing and coughing symptoms are itchy rash all over the body, fever and drowsiness. Malnutrition: Many factors including region, religion and caste affect the nutrition status of Indians. Living in rural and urban areas also contributes to nutritional status. Gender: Women lend to be at higher risk of both under and over nutrition than men. Women are also at higher risk of developing anemia than men. Socio-Economic: In general, these who are poor, are the risk for under-nutrition, while these who have high socio-economic status are relatively more like to be over nourished. Anemia is negatively correlated with wealth. Region: Under nutrition is more prevalent in rural areas, again mainly due to low socio-economic status. Anemia for both men & women is slightly higher in rural areas and urban areas in 2005, 40% of women in rural and 36% of women in urban found to have mild-anemia. In urban areas, over weight status and obesity are over three times as high as rural areas. Religion: Studies show that individuals belonging to Hindu or Muslim background in India tend to be more mal- nutrition them those from Sikh, Christian or Join background. Caste: These belonging to SC, ST, or Other back word casts are also at increased risk of malnutrition. Sanitation: About half of the worlds reported cases of polio, a crippling disease virtually wipe out in western countries, occur in India. Each year, diarrhea kills 500000 Indian children.

Those deadly disease and other that afflict India can traced to the same source drinking water contaminated by human waste, according (WHO) making poor sanitation and inadequate sewage disposal the nation biggest public health problem. 12 Fewer than 30% if Indians 950 million people have bathrooms in their homes easy access to public toilets. The rest routinely relieve themselves in the open along roadside, on farmland or in Municipal parks. In rural areas where more than 70% of Indian live fewer than 10% of homes have toilets. In rural schools, instruction in such basic hygiene as hand washing is limited that lake running of water. In cities 100 or 1000 of people may use the same public toilet each day, causing them to reek if not cleared frequently. Almost 2/3 of the urban people have bathrooms and middle class city dwellers generally practice good hygiene. Still public health risk are grater in cities than in rural area because of cramped condition in slum where the poor nearly half Bombays 13million residents. Poor hygiene and sanitation is largely responsible for the following200 million people with schistosomiasis . 16-17 million people with Typhoid. 1500 million people with intestinal worms. 2 million infants and children are dying each year.

Superstition: India has made immense progress in the medical & technological field in the recent year but people are still superstitions in nature. While in the most of the cases these thoughts and beliefs are hardly harmful and in turn are quite amazing, sometimes they do have serious effects the society. Here are some evergreen superstitions in India. Having sweet thing before going out for some important activities brings success. Sneezing once while leaving house is bad while sneezing twice is Lucky. If year comes falls accidentally while combing your hair as a crow comes then it hints at the arrived of the guests. If a black cats cut your way then you are supposed to wait till somebody else has passed that path.

When there is a bath or death in the family, the members are unclean and do not go to the temple till stipulated period is over. An eclipse occurs when Rahu and Ketu shallow the Sun then people avoid eating anything and go and take a dip in rivers it is over.

13 Many such beliefs and superstitions continues till date. But in village and rural back word area if somebody have a hysteria attack then an ozha is called in place for medical help. In some sever cases of hysteria people have been locked up in a hut far away from the village with food and water being delivered by some persons, once a day. While we are fighting spread awareness about AIDS among the people, old disease like panic attachor hysteria are still not treated in many part of Indian village. Hope medical assistance reaches to these people more in coming years. TABLE-7

DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODERN MEDIA

Village Kuchli Dhultukuri Bengutia Total Total % Radio 35 30 20 85 66.40 % TV 8 10 2 20 15.62 News Paper 10 5 1 16 12.5 Video CD/DVD 4 2 1 7 5.46 Cyber Media 0 0 0 0 0 Total 57 47 24 128 100 %

The above table shows literacy rate 2.5 %.They use Radio 66.4 % of the total people. 15.62 % people used T.V. and only 5.46 % people used VCD. TABLE-8

GOVT. HEATH & HYGINE SCHEME:

Verious Scheme 1. Janani Suraksha Yojana Kuchli Dhultukuri Bengutia Jaljalia

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Plus Polio & Immunization Health Awarenes camp Mobile health clinic Primary treatment centre District illness fund To recovery from laprocy District awareness camp

14

Source Kankalitala G.P. Office.

TABLE-9

TRADITIONAL MEDIA & ITS USE IN MY STUDIED VILLAGES.

Name of Village Name of the Traditional Media Folksong and dance (Kathi nach, pata nach, Mundari nach, judu etc.) fair & festivals myths and legends, Jatra, drama. Use of the Traditional Media 1) Proper way of communication. 2) Entertainment 3) Socio Culture purpose. 4) Religious purpose. 5) Social & cultural events (Birth, Marriage) 6) Fulfill daily requirement. - do 1] Fulfill daily requirement 2] Religious Purpose. 3] Social Events. 4] Entertainments.

Kuchli

Dhultukuri

Bengutia

Folk song, (fair & festivals rural hut, jatra myths & legends ) Fair & Festival, Song Patha Nach

Jaljalia

Fair and Festival, Songs, Patha Nach.

- do -

15

MEDIA IN HEALTH AND HYGIENE SECTOR: The local village people of the studied villages listen to radio in their leisure and free time. Various educative programmes on health and hygiene issues, health awareness programme, social and cultural issues in the form of chat shows, discussion forum shows are broadcasted by radio and through my survey it has been revealed that the village people actually loves listening to these educative programme in their leisure time specially in the evening and derives knowledge out of it. Television is mainly used for watching films and music video by the local village people. Since the literacy rate is less, so a handful of villagers actually goes through newspaper.

MEDIA IN SUPERSTITION AND SANITATION SECTOR: Media such as Radio plays a great role in providing knowledge on various developmental and awareness issues with respect to sanitation and superstition. According to my study out of all media radio plays the most vital role in disseminating knowledge.

EDUCATION: In the studied village, children go to Anganwari Primary School located in every village.Mid Day meal is served to the children. For Secondary and Higher Secondary education village student go to the nearest town school.

HEALTH AWARENESS: Kankalitala and Amdahara Health Centre are the two health centres nearest to the four studied village.The health centre srves the local village peoplein terms of curing minor diseases such as cough and cold,high fever,stomach problem etc.Far complicated health problem and diseases the village people have to visit the Sean Hospital which is nearest.At the local Health centre the doctor sits from 10am to 1 pm on Tuesday , Thursday and Saturday .CHEST PROBLEM, TB, drug addiction are also treated here

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MARRIAGE: Dowry system, early marriage and marriage-by force are very rare in the society of the sandals. They consider the female child as valuable as the mail child. So, they do not think them as a burden of their family. And bride-burden father is an unknown word to them. The mail and female give their labour in cultivation equally in this labour best life-style. The society is totally based on agriculture. Here women are not confident in a small area exception of this system. The birth, invitation nothing, fest- all these are done with drum beating. There is no difference between the mail- child and the female child. So, they enjoy equally in the birth of both male and female baby. They mainly depend on the mind- wife for the delivery of the child. Now their attitude is being changed gradually. They are interested to visit health centre like the other educated women. The Santal women are now bearing to use pill and other contraceptives from Radio, TV or News Paper. The Santals observe many rituals for the peace of the departed soul. A chicken is hacked and it is cooked and eaten by the people in the burning ghat. A hut is made between the burning ghat the home. Then many rituals are observed for the Shraddha. The head of the sons are shaved. They bathe and a small pond is made by the window of the dead person. All of them wish the peace for the departed soul. But the window is not bound to follow the strict convention of the Hindus.

They use Haria, shall leave and vermilions in birth and death also like the other festivals.

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CHAPTER IV

DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES
The Govt. of West Bengal have introduced a number of schemes for the development of the village people in the sample studied villages. These schemes are: 1] INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OLDAGE PENSION. According to this scheme, a token amount of money is given to the village people. The eligible criteria to avail this pension is one should belong to BPL covering the age of 60 + and even given to the widower of age 60 +. The amount of general pension provided to the beneficiaries per month is Rs.400. 2] INDIRA GANDHI WIDOWER PENSION. This scheme is directly provided by central Govt. through Gram Panchayat. Its a financial employment provision of Rs.400 given to the widower who are 18 +. 3] INDIRA ABASH YOJANA.

According to this scheme beneficiaries are given a total amount of Rs.35000 at a time. This scheme is applicable to BPL married women for the purpose of shelter. 4] SAHABAI. According to Sahabai scheme implemented by the Panchayat, which makes an initiative to provide food to the landless village probably to those village people who have have no shelter, no home, perhaps no body to look after him/her. 18 5] I D T P The main motto of this scheme is to provide financial help for ST village men, eligible criteria age for age is 60 +. The beneficiaries get Rs.750 as financial pension per month implemented by Panchayat, funded by Central Govt. Other developmental scheme under taken by West Bengal Govt. which are implemented through the Panchayat are Janani Suraksha Yojana. National Rural health Mission Yojana with the objective of providing life insurance to the village people stipend scheme for SC/ST students. Pulse Polio Immunization are also provided to village children. INFRASTRUCTURAL SCHEME. The Kankalitala Gram Panchayat home taken active measurement to provide proper infrastructural facilities to the village people. Funds such as 1] 12 Finance Commission Fund 2] Backward Regional Grand Fund 3] Untied Fund 4] MP Lad Fund 5] MLA Fund Such funds are used for proper road building, establishing tube-wells in the village providing electric connectivity in the village. Initiative taken to provide proper submersible water tank, etc.

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CHAPTER- V

BARRIERS
There are certain major barrier barriers in the path of development of the village and its people. They are : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Illiteracy Psychological fear Socio-economic backwardness. Political issues Lack of Motivation 6. Lack of coordination between government and panchayat.

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CHAPTER-VI

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION.

Man is the superior animal than other who have adopted themselves in different condition. From the primitive life man engaged himself to full fill three basic and fundamental needs through simple technology. Due to Urbanization life has changed on many aspects. We all students are engaged in field work of different village of West Bengal. I studied for village such as Kuchli, Dhultukuri , Bengutia and Jaljalia village under Kankalitala Gram Panchayat. During the field research of my studied village I have observed health and hygiene, socio-economic life, literacy rate, monthly income, ratio of male and female age group. Also I observed the tradition, custom, religion, Folk dances, fair and festival of the village people. I mainly stressed upon the use of various media such as Radio, Television, Video CD by the local village people for gaining knowledge in health and hygiene, sanitation and superstition sector.

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CHAPTER-VII

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Issue In Mass Communication- The Basic concept J.S.
Yadava and Pradip Mathur. 2) Growth and Development of Mass Communication in India J.V.Vilanilan. 3) Modern Journalism Principles & Practice. - N.C. Pant. 4) Societies and Culture India Vol-1, Tribal Issues, Edition A.K.Halder, Pradip Kr. Bhowmick. 5) National Institute of Rural Development (1998); State Finance Commission Recommendation of State Govt., State Finance Commission Cell, Hyderabad. Internet:

www.wikipedia.com www.googlesearch.com www.villageindia.com www.mapsofindia.com

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