Kobuleti Water Supply Rehabilitation Project Environmental Impact Assesment

G
amm a
S C I E N T I F I C R E S E A R C H FI R M
PROJECT FOR REHABILITATION OF KOBULETI WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Prepared by Scientific research firm Gamma President V.Gvakharia
Tbilisi 2007
9 M. Alexidze st, 0193, Tbilisi, Georgia tel: +(995 32) 330 274, 330 374 tel/fax +(995 32) 333 268 e-mail: gamma@gamma.ge
EIA_Kobuleti
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. EIA format ......................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Legislative and administrative structure ............................................................................................ 4 2.1. Brief description of procedures for obtaining permits and licences ................................ 4 2.2. Environmental laws and standards............................................................................................ 5 2.1. The World Bank Regulations......................................................................................................... 8 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................. 10 3.1. Alternative analysis....................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1. Alternative 1(W)- Rehabilitation of existing system of water supply without construction of the storage reservoir ................................................................................................ 10 3.1.2. Alternative 2(W) Upgrading/rehabilitation of the water supply system ........... 11 3.1.3. Alternative 3(W) - No action ............................................................................................ 11 3.2. Analysis of alternatives for sewage rehabilitation project ................................................ 11 3.2.1. Alternative 1(S) - Rehabilitation of sewage collector and pump stations, arrangement of a standard biological treatment facility .......................................................... 11 3.2.2. Alternative 2 (S) Upgrading/rehabilitation of the sewage system ..................... 12 3.2.3. Alternative 3(S) - No action .............................................................................................. 12 3.3. Analysis of alternatives rehabilitation of the stormwater collector.............................. 13 3.3.1. Alternative 1(SW) - Rehabilitation of existing stromwater collector ...................... 13 3.3.2. Alternative 2(SW) - Upgrading rehabilitation of the stormwater collector and construction of the treatment facility............................................................................................... 13 3.3.3. Alternative 3(SW) - No action .......................................................................................... 13 4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT FOR REHABILITATION OF KOBULETI WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................... 14 4.1. Water supply system rehabilitation project ........................................................................... 14 4.1.1. Rehabilitation of intake ..................................................................................................... 16 Rehabilitation of the water supply system ................................................................... 18 4.1.2. 4.2. Project for rehabilitation of the sewage system................................................................... 19 4.2.1. Rehabilitation of the sewage collector ........................................................................ 19 4.2.2. Construction of the sewage treatment facility........................................................... 21 4.3. Project for rehabilitation of the stormwater collector ........................................................ 22 5. ANALYSIS OF THE BACKGROUND STATUS OF ENVIROINMENT..................................................... 23 5.1. General............................................................................................................................................ 23 5.2. Natural background .................................................................................................................... 23 5.2.1. Geological conditions ....................................................................................................... 23 5.2.1.1. Natural resources __________________________________________________________ 5.2.2. Seismic conditions............................................................................................................... 24 5.2.3. Hydrogeology and hydrology ......................................................................................... 24 5.2.3.1. Hydrogeological conditions_________________________________________________ 5.2.3.2. Hydrology _________________________________________________________________ 5.2.3.3. Surface water quality_______________________________________________________ 5.2.4. Soil and landscapes ........................................................................................................... 26 5.2.4.1. Metal content in soil and water of Kobuleti region ____________________________ 5.2.5. Biodiversity............................................................................................................................. 30 5.2.5.1. Flora_______________________________________________________________________ 5.2.5.2. Fauna _____________________________________________________________________ 5.2.6. Protected areas................................................................................................................... 36 5.2.6.1. Kobuleti reserve ____________________________________________________________ 5.2.7. Climate and meteorological conditions ...................................................................... 38 5.2.7.1. Major meteorological characteristics of Kobuleti resort area __________________ 5.2.7.2. Atmospheric air quality _____________________________________________________ 5.2.7.3. Background noise __________________________________________________________ 5.2.7.4. Background radiation ______________________________________________________ 5.2.8. Cultural heritage.................................................................................................................. 47 5.2.8.1. Archaeology_______________________________________________________________
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Contents
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24 24 24 26 30 31 36 38 41 45 46 47
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5.2.8.2. Architecture _______________________________________________________________ 5.2.9. Social aspects ...................................................................................................................... 47 5.2.9.1. Demography ______________________________________________________________ 5.2.9.2. Industry ____________________________________________________________________ 5.2.9.3. The status of water supply system in Kobuleti _________________________________ 5.2.9.4. Status of sewage system in Kobuleti _________________________________________ 5.2.9.5. Current status of Kobuleti stormwater collector _______________________________ 6. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT, ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........ 54 6.1. Activities and expected impacts............................................................................................. 54 6.2. Impact during rehabilitation of water supply and waste water systems ...................... 58 6.2.1. Emissions................................................................................................................................. 58 6.2.2. Noise ....................................................................................................................................... 68 6.2.3. Impact on water.................................................................................................................. 70 6.2.4. Impact on soil....................................................................................................................... 70 6.2.5. Impact on biological environment ................................................................................ 71 6.2.5.1. Impact on flora ____________________________________________________________ 6.2.5.2. Impact on fauna ___________________________________________________________ 6.2.5.3. Impact on protected area__________________________________________________ 6.2.6. Impact on social environment ........................................................................................ 73 6.2.6.1. Health and safety __________________________________________________________ 6.2.6.2. Possibility of impact on social conditions _____________________________________ 6.2.6.3. Land use during rehabilitation and construction ______________________________ 6.2.6.4. Impact on employment and economical activity ____________________________ 6.2.6.5. Impact on cultural heritage _________________________________________________ 6.2.6.6. Impact on the transport flows _______________________________________________ 6.3. Impact of operation on the water supply and sewage system...................................... 75 6.3.1. Assessment of impact on the physical systems .......................................................... 75 6.3.2. Assessment of impact on biological systems .............................................................. 75 6.3.3. Assessment of impact on the social environment ..................................................... 76 7. POSSIBLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND EXPECTED RESULTS....................................................... 77 7.1. Identification of the probability of possible emergency situations and assessment of expected results .......................................................................................................................................... 77 7.2. Emergency notification/communication .............................................................................. 79 8. MITIGATION/MINIMISATION MEASURES............................................................................................. 80 8.1. Structure of protection measures construction and reconstruction works ............... 80 8.1.1. Possible sources of negative impact on environment during construction and rehabilitation works................................................................................................................................ 80 8.1.2. Conditions for implementation of construction and rehabilitation works........... 80 8.1.3. Mitigation measures during construction ..................................................................... 81 8.1.4. Mitigation measures impact on archaeological monuments ............................ 81 8.1.5. Identification of the monitoring parameters during construction ......................... 81 8.1.6. Monitoring methods ........................................................................................................... 81 8.1.7. Ecological requirements temporary camp .............................................................. 82 8.1.8. Ecological requirements liquidation of the temporary camp............................ 82 8.1.9. Environmental protection measures by activity construction and rehabilitation works................................................................................................................................ 82 8.1.9.1. Preparation (Mobilisation) __________________________________________________ 8.1.9.2. Welding and insulation works _______________________________________________ 8.1.9.3. Dismantling of the pump station #3, recultivation of the site _______________ 8.1.9.4. Testing of the pipeline ______________________________________________________ 8.1.9.5. Recultivation of the damaged soil___________________________________________ 8.1.9.6. Roads _____________________________________________________________________ 8.2. Waste management ................................................................................................................... 85 8.2.1. Waste during construction-rehabilitation works ......................................................... 85 8.2.2. Waste operation of the water supply and the waste water systems ................ 86 8.3. Zones of sanitary protection of the water supply and the waste water facilities....... 86
47 48 48 49 51 52
71 72 72 73 73 74 75 75 75
82 83 84 84 85 85
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Sanitary protection zones for intakes and other facilities of the water delivery system 86 8.3.1.1. Sanitary protection zones water supply systems ________________________ 8.3.1.2. Sanitary protection zones waste water system ______________________________ 9. WAYS AND MEANS FOR RESTITUTION AFTER TERMINATION OF WORKS .................................... 88 9.1. Short-term interruption (suspension) or maintenance of the water and the waste water communications ............................................................................................................................. 88 9.2. Long-term interruption (suspension) or conservation ......................................................... 88 9.3. Liquidation of the water supply and the waste water systems........................................ 88 10. RESIDUAL IMPACT............................................................................................................................... 88 11. CUMULATIVE IMPACT........................................................................................................................ 88 12. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION................................................. 88 13. ENVIRONEMNTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN....................................................................................... 90 13.1 Environmental management plan .......................................................................................... 90 13.1.1. Construction stage ............................................................................................................. 90 13.1.1.1. Environmental management mobilisation and preparation of the building ground ___________________________________________________________________ 13.1.1.2. Environmental management construction and rehabilitation works ____ 13.1.2. Environmental management waster supply and waste water systemsoperation stage ...................................................................................................................................... 91 13.2. Environmental monitoring plan................................................................................................. 91 13.2.1. Monitoring rehabilitation works .................................................................................... 92 13.2.2. Instrumental monitoring ................................................................................................ 92 13.2.3. Environmental monitoring operation stage.............................................................. 93 14. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................ 94 15. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................... 96 16. ANNEX................................................................................................................................................... 98
8.3.1.
87 87
90 90
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1. INTRODUCTION
Objective of the project for rehabilitation of Kobuleti water supply and sewage systems is to provide adequate quantity of safe and high quality drinking water, eliminate pollution of surface water bodies with effluents (sewage) and ameliorate sanitary and ecological status of the resort. The project for rehabilitation of water supply and waste water systems in Kobuleti, as commissioned by the Municipal Development Fund, has been developed by association of scientific research firm Gamma (Georgia) and Gauff Ingenerure (Germany). (Under agreement, entered December 25, 2006, Gamma took the lead in the consortium). The project consists of three main components: rehabilitation of Kobuleti water supply system which envisions: o rehabilitation of intake and pump station; o construction of a new W-2 X 3,600 m3 capacity reservoir; o arrangement of pressure pipeline from intake to reservoir and gravity main from reservoir to the treatment facility; o arrangement of pump stations and rehabilitation of water main in the limits of the city; o rehabilitation of distribution network and installation of individual household water meters. rehabilitation of Kobuleti sewage system which envisions: o rehabilitation and upgrading of pump stations #1 and #2; o arrangement of a new pump stations #3 and #4 and the treatment facility; o arrangement of new sewage collector and network on the left bank of the Kintrishi River. rehabilitation of Kobuleti sewage collector which envisions: o rehabilitation of stormwater and sewage collectors; o arrangement of stormwater regulating reservoir and pump station; o arrangement of stormwater treatment facility. The status of the project working draft. In accordance to provisions of the rules and procedures on issuing environmental permit, approved by the decree of the government of Georgia (#154, of September the 1st , 2005) rehabilitation/construction of the regional and city water intake and water main (clause 3, point 1) as we as regional treatment facilities and main sewage collectors belong to the category of activities for which obtaining environmental permit issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources based on conclusion of the state ecological examination and public discussions of the EIA of the project is required. It should be mentioned that assessment of the impact of any purpose pipeline on environment is to follow requirements set out in relevant legal and regulatory
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documents1 currently in force in Georgia. Assessment of an impact on environment is funded by investor and generally implemented by consultants invited for this purpose. . Based on the project for rehabilitation and the background data on Kobuleti water supply and sewage system assessed has been the possible impact of the planned activity on environment.
1.1.
EIA format
Within the framework of the EIA report the following issues are considered: legal aspects: o environmental policy and legislation of Georgia; o environmental standards and statutory acts. engineering technical aspects, ecological evaluation: o description of the object (architectural and design solutions, description of buildings and technical facilities); o organisation of works and major technical solutions; o operation regime; o transport; o water supply and sewage; o electro technical aspects; o fire safety system; o occupational health and safety; o sanitary and hygiene conditions. background status of environment and environmental protection measures: o physical and geographical description of the project area; o geological conditions; o seismicity; o soil status; o hydrogeology and hydrology; o climate and meteorological conditions; o air quality; o biological environment; o sensitive areas; o transport infrastructure; o general description of social and economical environment. Impact receptors: o atmospheric air (emissions on construction and operation stages, sources of noise, noise level and propagation); o water (drinking water supply, waste water, sewage/drainage); o soil and other resources (use of material, energy and transport, industrial waste as environmental pollution factors);
1 Order of the Minister of Environemnt Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia, #59, 16 May, 2002, Tbilisi, on provisions on assessment of the impact on environement and approval of guidelines enclosed to the pipeline projects
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social and economical environment (impact on human health, impact on industrial and residential zones, impact on traffic flows and occupational safety). Assessment of impact according to the general classificators (direct and indirect, secondary and cumulative, short term, medium and long term, constant and temporary, positive and negative impact of construction and operation stages). Mitigation measures. Analysis of results, conclusions and recommendations. o
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2. Legislative and administrative structure

Brief description of procedures for obtaining permits and licences Issuance of licences and permits in Georgia is regulated by the Law of Georgia on Licenses and Permits (adopted 23 June, 2005) and subordinate legislation. The law regulates entrepreneurial activities, any organized and some non-organized activities directly related to the fields of human life and health, state and public interest and is related to use of the state owned natural resources. The law regulates issuance of licenses or permits, gives exhaustive list of licences and permits, sets the rules for issuing, amending and cessation their of. According to the law of Georgia on Licences and Permits activity is regulated by licences or permits only in case when these activities are directly related to the risk to human life and health, or state and public interest. The state regulation is applied only if the licence or permit is capable to elevate the risk or enable to consider the state or the public interest. Objective and the main principles of regulation by licence or permit are as follows: o Security and protection of human life and health; o Security and protection of life conditions and cultural environment of humans; o Protection of state and public interests. In compliance with the law the licence or permit issued by a foreign country under the international agreement or law shall be recognized by Georgia and have the status similar to that granted to the documents issued in Georgia. One of the types of the permit defined under the law (Law of Georgia on Licenses and Permits, Part III, Chapter VI, Article 24-e, point 4) is environmental permit. According to the Clause 2 of the decree of the government of Georgia (#154, 01.09.2005) on Rules and Conditions of Issuing Environmental Permit, the latter is to be issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia. The document defined the rules for issuing environmental permit, its amendment and withdrawal. Activities subjected to environmental impact assessment are defined under the point 1, Article 3. According to point 2, Article 3, if activity requires permit for construction, the body responsible for issuing the latter ensures involvement of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources in the process, as per the law on Licences and Permits. Prior to submitting of the EIA statement to permit granting institution, according to the Article 31 of the decree, investor is obliged to organize public discussion of the document. For this purpose the applicant must publish announcement on the planned activity in the central and, if available in the region where the project is to be performed, the local newspaper. Information must include: name, objectives and location of the planned activity address where the documents (including EIA report) are available for community deadline for any feed-back; place and time of the meeting.
2.1.
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After the public discussion of the project is carried out (according to the point 4, article 32), comments considered and the final version of the EIA produced, investor is to submit the following documents to the permit granting body: layout map of the site (with indication of distances). Note: the mentioned document is to be submitted at the first stage of application for construction permit. brief description of the planned activity (Executive Summary). Note: the mentioned document is to be submitted at the first stage of application for construction permit. EIA report developed with consideration of the legal requirements. 5 copies and digital version. Note: the mentioned document is to be submitted at the second stage of application for construction permit; volumes and types of expected emission - inventory, calculation and standards of maximum permitted emissions/discharge. 4 copies. Note: the mentioned document is to be submitted at the second stage of application for construction permit; statement on confidentiality of the part of the documents. Note: the mentioned document is to be submitted at the second stage of application for construction permit. 2.2. Environmental laws and standards Law of Georgia on Protection of Environment (valid from December 6, 1996) regulates the legal relationship between the bodies of the state authority and the physical persons or legal entities (without distinction-legal form) in the scope of environmental protection and in the use of nature on all Georgias territory including its territorial waters, airspace, continental shelf and special economic zone. The law deals with education and scientific research in the scope of environment, environmental management aspects, economic levers, licensing, standards, EIA and related issues. Considers different aspects on protection of ecosystems, protected areas, issues of global and regional management, protection of ozone layer, biodiversity, protection of Black Sea and international cooperation aspects. Law of Georgia on Environmental Permit (valid from October 15, 1996) describes procedure for obtaining an environmental permit and the state ecological examination required for its issuance. Describes decision making procedures and regulates information mechanisms. According to the law, environmental permit is a written decision taken by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia. An environmental permit is the integrated permit, which involves granting permission to emit fumes, to dispose waste etc. Law of Georgia on Ecological Examination (valid from October 15, 1996) set out major principles of ecological examination, defined responsible organizations, their rights and obligations, describes rules of ecological examination, deals with some aspects of EIA, etc. Conclusion of the state ecological examination is obligatory for obtaining environmental permit. Law of Georgia on Water (valid from 25 November, 1997). The law regulated legal aspects of: relationships of governmental bodies, physical and legal persons in the filed of water protection,
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water protection, restoration and use on the land, in the continental shelf, territorial waters and in the special economic zone; commercial production and international trade in water; competence of the autonomous republics, as well as the local selfgovernment and administration bodies in the sphere of relations associated with water; relationships in underground water protection, study and use with consideration of the law of Georgia on Natural Resources; relationships in protection, study, reproduction and use of fauna with consideration of requirements of the law of Georgia on Wild Life; regulates legal aspects related to flora, fauna, and natural resources in the course of water use. According to the law water is the state property and can be provided for use only. Prohibited is any activity which, directly or indirectly, violates the state ownership rights. Law of Georgia on Natural Resources (valid from May 17, 1996) defines the status of natural resources, describes their use, sets out the types of licences and rights and obligations of the users. The law allocated responsibilities for protection of the lands from contamination and ensures conformity of agricultural lands with relevant legal requirements. The law describes licensing procedure, determines amount of tax and economical principles of the use of natural resources. Law on Protection of Atmospheric Air (valid from June 22, 1999) regulates protection of atmospheric air from hazardous man-caused impact (Part I, Chapter I, Article 1.1). Harmful man-caused impact is any impact on atmospheric air resulting or potentially originating from any activity capable to have negative impact on human health or environment (Part II, Chapter IV, Article II.I). Types of negative man-caused impact (Part II, Chapter IV, Article II.2) Pollution of environment with hazardous matter Radiation pollution of atmospheric air Pollution with micro organisms and biologically active matter of microbial origin Noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields and other physical impact Pollution of atmospheric air with harmful matter means emission of any kind capable to cause negative impact on human healthy and environment (Part II, Chapter IV, Article I2.I) Law of Georgia on Protected Areas (1996) gives definition of protected area (which includes National Park, State Reserve, etc) and defines the limits of activities allowed in their boundaries. Permitted activity is determined with consideration of the purpose of the area, requirements set out in legislation, statements and regulations, protected areas management plans, international agreements and conventions. to which Georgia is a part of. In general within the protected territory is prohibited: to ruin or modify natural ecosystems; to destroy (exterminate), extract (seize), ruin, damage (injure) or scare any natural resource for the purpose of exploitation or for any other reason;
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to damage natural ecosystems or species as a result of pollution; to introduce and multiply alien and exotic species of living organisms; to import into the territory explosive or poisonous materials; any other activity prevented by the regulations or the management plan of the protected territory.
Law of Georgia on creation and management of Kolkheti protected areas (adopted 9 December, 1998). The law is to: o ensure creation of Kolkheti protected areas; o regulate management mechanism of Kolkheti protected areas; Major tasks of the law are: o support protection and rehabilitation of Kolkheti natural and altered wetlands notable for their biodiversity; o ensure protection, rehabilitation and preservation of biodiversity of natural ecosystems, landscapes, fauna and flora, especially endangered flora and fauna species; o favour formation of legal sustainable development of recreation, tourism and agriculture natural and cultural environment mechanisms in Kolkheti protected; o ensure protection, recovery and rational use of soil, flora (including forests) and other natural resources in the boundaries of the Kolkheti protected areas; protection of ecological balance within the limits of the 5 nautical mile water area; create favourable conditions for development of education and scientific research; protection and rehabilitation of historic and cultural landscapes; protection of natural bioecological regime and monitoring of water bodies. According to the Article 7 of the law the categories of protected areas within the limits Kobuleti region are: Kobuleti state reserve; Kobuleti State Reserve; Kobuleti multiple use area. Law of Georgia on Licenses and Permits (adopted 23 June, 2005) and subordinate legislation. The law regulates entrepreneurial activities, any organized and some nonorganized activities directly related to the fields of human life and health, state and public interest and is related to use of the state owned natural resources. The law regulates issuance of licenses or permits, gives exhaustive list of licences and permits, sets the rules for issuing, amending and cessation their of. According to the law of Georgia on Licences and Permits activity is regulated by licences or permits only in case when these activities are directly related to the risk to human life and health, or state and public interest. The state regulation is applied only if the licence or permit is capable to elevate the risk or enable to consider the state or the public interest. Objective and the main principles of regulation by licence or permit are as follows: o Security and protection of human life and health; o Security and protection of life conditions and cultural environment of humans;
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Protection of state and public interests.
In compliance with the law the licence or permit issued by a foreign country under the international agreement or law shall be recognized by Georgia and have the status similar to that granted to the documents issued in Georgia.
The World Bank has developed bank operation manuals which are used as guidance in project assessment. Herewith we deemed advisable to present general information on the following documents of this list: OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment OP 4.04 Natural Habitats OP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources OP 4.20 Gender and Development OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment defines main requirements concerning impact on environment for different projects and assessment formats. The document lists activities categorised according to their possible impact on environment; designed the volume and the format of EIA study for different categories. The document defined interrelations between the bank and the project implementation units, public participation issues and other aspects. The format given in the document is often harmonized with legislation of the state where the project is implemented. OP 4.04 Natural Habitats the document deals with biodiversity preservation issues and defines requirements to the project, which may have significant impact on biological environment. Preservation of biodiversity is significant factor for guaranteeing long-term sustainable development of the country. The World Bank does not fund any projects which may have significant negative impact on biodiversity or species significant for the area. According to the manual, the World Bank funded projects are implemented in already developed area. In case the project may have negative impact the bank estimates possibility of mitigation of potential negative impact/damage. OP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples is aimed on protection of indigenous population, to ensure that the project implemented with support of the bank will not have negative impact on populations life and development. The projects are to be aimed on preservation of the local originality. To achieve this, survey of social background is to be performed. To ensure originality, in case the survey reveals potential impact of the project on indigenous population, Indigenous Peoples Plan or Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework must be developed. The mentioned plans are to allow for dependence of population to the land resources and resettlement issues. OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources objective of the document is to protect cultural heritage from possible impact from the project activities. Cultural resources are defined as mobile and stationary objects, buildings, structures, natural landscapes, archaeological, paleonthological, historic, architectural, religious and other valuables.
2.1.
The World Bank Regulations
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The document suggests the ways of considering the heritage in assessment of impact on environment, describes how consultations with community shall be performed, suggests impact elimination measures. OP 4.20 Gender and Development - gender equality and development policy is aimed on poverty reduction, it is to enable population to improve life conditions, to eliminate gender inequality, i.e. to support community development. In case any violations in this direction are observed the bank provided consultancy to the state and provided assistance in amelioration and development.
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3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES In line with requirements of proceedings on assessment of impact on environment consideration of several alternatives of the project is expedient. Alternatives of the project for Kobuleti water supply and sewage rehabilitation are considered below. 3.1. Alternative analysis Within the framework of the project for rehabilitation of Kobuleti water supply, in order to provide population with water of the quality and volume the following alternatives were considered: rehabilitation of available water supply system without construction of storage reservoir; upgrading (modernization) of the system of water supply; no action. Alternative 1(W)- Rehabilitation of existing system of water supply without construction of the storage reservoir The project for rehabilitation of existing water supply system includes: rehabilitation of the old and the new intake galleries; rehabilitation of the wells drilled in 80-es; rehabilitation of collector reservoir; rehabilitation of the building of the pump station, rehabilitation of the pumps and electric equipment; rehabilitation of the damaged sections of the watermain; rehabilitation of distribution network. Low cost and low impact on environment can be considered as advantage of the project, however, due to the numerous reasons implementation of the project can not be considered advisable, viz: according to the Kobuleti water utilities, summary debit of the old and the new gallery is 600 m3/hr, which is not enough for supplying water to the city. In conditions of full scale operation of the wells the galleries remain in aeration zone; distance between the boreholes is small, they are in hydraulic connection, taking these into account full capacity operation of the wells is impossible; as some of the boreholes are drilled next to the active riverbed, inadequately filtered river water gets into the wells. According to the hydrogeological audit data rehabilitation of 6 drillholes is possible (## 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14); the pumps at the intake are outdated and energy consuming, which has negative impact on the cost price of the drinking water; as no storage reservoir is available water is supplied from the pump station. Because of this layout, in case the pump turns off, risk of water pollution occurs; because of the length of the city distribution system water head is lost, as a result water to the multi-storey apartment houses and the north part of the city is hindered. 3.1.1.
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Alternative 2(W) Upgrading/rehabilitation of the water supply system The project for rehabilitation upgrading of water supply system along with rehabilitation of available system envisions construction of new galleries, storage reservoir and installation of step-up pumps/facilities. Details of the given option are presented in Section 4 of this document. Advantages of the project include: rehabilitation of the intake gallery of the Tsilkhisdziri resort and arrangement of the gravity main will enable to avoid the permanent use of the wells and respectively reduce energy consumption; upgrading the pump station by installation of energy efficient pumps and replacement of electric devises will reduce power consumption; arrangement of W-10,000 m3 capacity reservoir (at 57m elevation) and the pipeline from reservoir to the pump station. The water from reservoir will flow by gravity. This, in case the pump station is out of operation, will ensure steady water supply for 12 hours a day; arrangement of step-up pumps in the central part of the city to deliver water to the multi-storey apartment houses and the north part of the city. Shortcoming of the project is high cost of construction works. However, keeping in mind the lower cost price of water after rehabilitation is complete and taking into account that this option will guarantee round the clock provision of quality water, considered alternative is the most advisable. 3.1.3. Alternative 3(W) - No action In case the project is not implemented no impact related to implementation of works on the natural and social environment will be observed. The EIA study has revealed possibility of certain positive effect of the project such as possibility of employment (on construction stage), reduced cost price of water after implementation of the project, guaranteed 24 hour water supply. In case the project is not carried out these results will not be achieved and population will not benefit from improved services. Taking the mentioned into account the no-action option can not be considered advisable.
3.1.2.
3.2. Analysis of alternatives for sewage rehabilitation project Within the framework of the project the following alternatives were considered: rehabilitation of sewage collector and pump stations, arrangement of a standard biological treatment facility; upgrading rehabilitation of the system; no action.
Alternative 1(S) - Rehabilitation of sewage collector and pump stations, arrangement of a standard biological treatment facility The project envisions rehabilitation of the sewage collector and the pump stations and construction of the standard biological treatment facility at the right bank of the Ochkhamuri River. The option is not considered advisable as: the pump stations are equipped with outdated pumps and electrical equipment which are in poor state of maintenance and rather energy consuming;
3.2.1.
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pump station #3 does not have sanitary protection zone and is located in 1015m to the residential area; in case of showers, the Achkhva River floods the pump station #1 which causes failure of the pumps and other electric equipment.
In case the mentioned option is chosen frequent failures are inevitable, it will not be possible to drain complete volume of effluents and provide adequate treatment theirof.
3.2.2.
Alternative 2 (S) Upgrading/rehabilitation of the sewage system
This option envisions upgrading of the pump stations #1 and #2, construction of a new pump station #3 and biological treatment facility with additional phytoremediation of effluents. Detailed information on the project is given in section 4 of the document. With consideration of advantages listed below this alternative was considered as the best. Advantaged of the option are as follows: envisioned is installation of modern submerged pumps which are power efficient. The pumps will be installed in waste water reservoir, do not need dry chamber and in case the pump stations are flooded will not stop working; the pumps are quipped with special crushing device which enables crushing of solid particles. No additional crushing unit is required; relocation of the pump station #3 will improve living conditions of the residents of the area. Besides it will be possible to reduce the bottom mark of collector reservoir by several metres which is to increase possibility of gravity flow from adjacent areas towards the reservoir; the pumps will be equipped with automatic management system, which will facilitate their exploitation; according to the project arranged will be a typical biological treatment facility and additional phytoremediation ground. The phytoremediation will provide additional treatment of the waste after its biological treatment, so cleaner waste water will be discharged into the Ochkhamuri River. Negative aspect is the higher cost of construction and assembling works, however, taking into account results achieved through implementation of the project (complete drainage of the effluents, and up to date treatment of the waste water) the project is assumed to be the best of suggested options. 3.2.3. Alternative 3(S) - No action In case the project is not carried out neither negative impact related to implementation of works on the natural and social environment, nor positive effect expected to be achieved by rehabilitation will be observed. Today, as no drainage and treatment of waste water and sewage in Kobuleti is available the surface water and the sea are under the permanent risk of pollution. In case no actions are taken the situation will not improve, the risk to the heath related to sanitary and ecological situation will persist. Taking the mentioned above into account the no action alternative will have negative effect.
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3.3. Analysis of alternatives rehabilitation of the stormwater collector The following alternatives were considered: rehabilitation of existing stormwater collector; upgrading rehabilitation of the stormwater collector and construction of the treatment facility; no action. 3.3.1. Alternative 1(SW) - Rehabilitation of existing stromwater collector
The project for rehabilitation of existing stormwater collector envisions its maintenance, in particular: restoration of stormwater inlet chambers and rehabilitation of collectors. It should be mentioned that operation of available system is inefficient for the following reasons: collector does not have regulating reservoirs and pump station, i.e. it is impossible to drain water from all areas of the city; no treatment facility is available and water discharges into the sea without any treatment at all. Taking the mentioned above this alternative is not efficient and will not improve the sanitary and ecological situation in the city.
Alternative 2(SW) - Upgrading rehabilitation of the stormwater collector and construction of the treatment facility Along with upgrading and rehabilitation of the stormwater collector the project envisions construction of regulating reservoir, installation of pumps and arrangement of the stormwater treatment facility. Advantages of suggested option are as follows: regulating reservoirs will ensure gravity accumulation of the stormwater. After a certain amount is collected the water will be pumped to the treatment facility; equipping of the regulating reservoirs with automatic control submerged pumps. The pumps trigger when required volume of water accumulates and pump it to the treatment facility. Presented scheme is to enable complete drainage of water with lower energy being consumed; the stormwater is purified (treated) prior to discharge i.e. the risk of surface water pollution is avoided. Based on the mentioned above, suggested alternative is acceptable and is likely to give the positive effect. 3.3.3. Alternative 3(SW) - No action In case of no action no positive effect on natural and social environment will be achieved. Therefore, no action, is considered as having negative impact.
3.3.2.
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4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT FOR REHABILITATION OF KOBULETI WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS The project for rehabilitation of Kobuleti water supply and sewage system comprises water supply rehabilitation project, project for rehabilitation of sewage system, and stowmwater collector rehabilitation project. The main objects are shown in Figure 4.1. 4.1. Water supply system rehabilitation project Objective of the project is complete upgrading of the water supply system in Kobuleti and provision of 24 hour steady quality drinking water supply to the local community. The project envisions rehabilitation of intake facilities, arrangement of additional source of water supply, upgrading of pump station, arrangement of a new reservoir and rehabilitation of distribution system. According to the project 8 wells located within the intake area will be rehabilitated and used as a reserve source for water supply of the city during the peak demand. Other wells will be liquidated as, at their present state, they can be considered as a sources of underground water pollution. Design scheme of Kobuleti water supply is given in Figure 4.1.1.
Rehabilitation of Tsikhisdzir i drainage and connection to existing gallery Gravity pipe connecting to the gallery
Rehabilitation of collector well of the gallery and deepening inline with the new gallery level
Replacement of the intake facilities/communications
Pump station
Replacem ent of the pum p
Pr essure pipelines
N ew reser voirs
Gr avity pipelines
Pumps
Distr ibution networ k
Installation of water meters
End users
Figure 4.1.1.
Design scheme of Kobuleti water supply system
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Design treatment facility Design pump station #3
Kobuleti
Intake
Design reservoir
Figure 4.1.
Location of the units subject to rehabilitation
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4.1.1. Rehabilitation of intake According to the project the following works are to be performed: rehabilitation of existing gallery; rehabilitation of the drainage system of the former water supply system of Tsikhisdziri resort; arrangement of the gravity conduit attached to the drainage system gallery; arrangement of a new collector reservoir near the pump station, at the elevation of the gallery (8m); upgrading and rehabilitation of the pump station; rehabilitation of chlorination facility; rehabilitation of 6 (## 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14) and liquidation of 10 boreholes located in the intake area; arrangement of internal roads and illumination, fencing the sanitary protection zone; reinforcement of the banks of the Kinkisha River along the intake facility. Rehabilitation of the intake gallery includes restoration and amelioration of observation wells, arrangement of the new collector wells. Rehabilitation of the drainage system of Tsikhisdziri resort water supply, this includes maintenance of the intake system, arrangement of the new observation and collector wells, fencing of the site and arrangement of illumination. To connect the new drainage system to the old gallery 300m long new gravity conduit will be arranged. Design scheme of the intake system is given in Figure 4.1.1.1.
ne peli e pi ssur Pr e
Gr a vit y pip elin e
Figure 4.1.1.1.
Design scheme of the intake system
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In accordance to presented scheme water will deliver to collector reservoir by gravity. The stand-by wells may be used to contribute to the system only during the peak demand - tourist season. Of 16 wells 6 will be rehabilitated, others liquidated. Rehabilitation of the wells means cleaning, logging, arrangement of captation, construction of protection box, equipping of all boreholes with the level and the flow meters.
Damaged collector reservoir located next to the pump station will be rehabilitated. The reservoir will be used for chlorination of the water. From there water will flow to the pumps.
The project allows for rehabilitation of the pump station building, replacement of electric devices and installation of modern pumps. The view of EMU pumps is shown in Figure 4.1.1.1. To deliver water from the pump to reservoir 400mm pressure conduit will be arranged. The intake and reservoir will be equipped with automatic management system to enable management of the pumps. The project for rehabilitation of chlorination station envisions installation of the chlorinator in a new building. For this purpose unfinished building of the pump station will be used. The building will be refurbished/rehabilitated, arranged will be compartments for the chlorinator and the chlorine cylinders. Drinking water will be chlorinated according to the requirements set out in the sanitary rules and norms on neutralization of drinking and domestic water with chlorine and disinfection of waterworks (2.1.4 010-06). The summary of the document is given in Annex 7. Installed will be two vacuum chlorinators AVANS-200/3, capacity 2.7-3.0 kg/hr. For chlorination 800kg gaseous chlorine cylinders will be used. Mini-laboratory for evaluation of residual free chlorine in the water will be arranged in the former chlorination building. The latter will be repaired/refurbished and equipped with relevant appliances/devices. Drinking water quality control will be performed in compliance with requirements of the sanitary rules and norms Drinking water. Hygiene requirements for the quality of the drinking water from centralized water supply system. Quality control. Summary of the document is given in Annex 8. Envisioned is rehabilitation of access roads and installation of lighting. The first sanitary protection zone will be fenced with reinforced concrete. For this purpose the waste from dismantling of the old reservoir will be used. According to the design scheme, water volume of water delivered from the intake to the distribution system for 240 days a year will total 120 l/sec, while during the peak season it will reach 487 l/sec. Respectively of 4 pumps installed in the pumps station during the mentioned 240 days one pump will be operating, whereas during the rest 125 days 3 pumps will work. Worth to mention is that the use of the boreholes will be necessary only 125 days a year. For protection of the intake the project allows for arrangement of bank protection structure at the right bank of the Kintrishi River. For this purpose stone gabions with dimensions: length 80 m, bedding width 2 m and gabion height 2.5 m will be arranged.. Gabion bedding (dimensions of each segment are 2mx2mx0.5m) will be arranged in the leveled riverbed, excavation of foundation trenched is not envisioned. This reduces expected negative impact on environment. On the gabion
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bedding two rows of 1mx1mx1m segments and one row on their top will be arranged. The gabion segment will be filled with boulders, net made of stainless steel wire. At the last stage of construction works the bank-wise side of the gabion will be filled up with earth.
Figure 4.1.1.1. View of the EMU pumps
4.1.2.
Rehabilitation of the water supply system
Project for rehabilitation of water delivery system includes provision of gravity feed water from the storage reservoir to the city. The new W-9,440 m3 capacity reservoirs will be built at the place of unfinished unit (reservoir) at 57m elevation. The view of the reservoir is given in Figure 4.1.2.1.
Figure 4.1.2.1.
Unfinished reservoir W-10,000 m3 on the basis of which two new reservoir with total capacity W-9,440 m3 will be built
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Structures of unfinished reservoir will be used for construction of the new one, in particular in the inner space of the old one. In this case used will be foundation and walls of unfinished structure which will reduce the volume of construction works and enable to reduce negative impact on environment. Overflow and waste water through 40m long, 300mm pipe will discharge into the Kinkisha River. Water from intake to reservoir will be supplied by gravity to the city through 400mm and 600mm pressure conduits. From the reservoir to the city water will be delivered through 500mm gravity conduits. The new conduits will be arranged up to the regulative well. After this point existing pipeline will be used. The damaged sections along the latter will be replaced. Steel pipes with factory made insulation will be used. The pressure and the gravity conduits will run in parallel, in the same corridor which is important from the view of soil damage and erosion development processes. Along the pipeline envisioned is rehabilitation of all regulation wells and valves. In the city replaced will be different diameter watermain sections and 55% of the distribution network. For all users water meters will be installed. In the city entrance and branching mains water meters will be arranged. In the central part of the town, in the area next to the pump station #2, the step-up pumps will be installed to deliver water to the dwelling blocks and the customers in the northern part of the city. Installation of new pumps and control panels, automatically controlled filling up of reservoirs and gravity flow is to enable to ensure energy saving and reduce the cost price of the drinking water. Accounting of delivered and consumed water will be done using flow and watermeters installed on the watermain and connections to individual users. The system will favour optimisation and efficiency of water use. Arrangement of the gravity system at the intake, equipping of the chlorination station with modern units, rehabilitation of the watermain and the distribution network, 24 hour water supply, will reduce the risk of water pollution and possibility of waterborne diseases. 4.2. Project for rehabilitation of the sewage system 4.2.1. Rehabilitation of the sewage collector Sewer rehabilitation project includes full-scale replacement of the sewer pipes and observation wells, rehabilitation of the pump stations #1 and #2, relocation of the pump station #3. The damaged sewer pipes will be replaced with the same diameter reinforced concrete pipes. Replaced will be the sections of the sewage collector. Total length of collectors within the limits of the city is 30.6km, 17.6% (5.4km) of them to be replaced. Replaced will be reinforced concrete (0.7 km) and asbestos (4.7km) collector pipes.
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According to the project observation wells will be of reinforced concrete, lids - cast iron. To expand the gravity flow section of collector system, in some sections of the city, collectors and observation wells will be arranged at the lower elevation, collectors equipped with pumps. The buildings of the pump stations #1 and #2 will be overhauled, new management boards and modern submerged pumps arranged. In compliance with the project, the pumps will be submerged into the wet chamber, no dry chambers will be required. The pumps will be equipped with crushing units to break up coarse particles, i.e. no additional crushing unit will be required. Prior to discharge into collecting reservoir of the pump station waste water will flow through the grate to remove the solid waste. The grate will be attached to the special lifting mechanism. By means of this mechanism the grate will be pulled out for cleaning. The waste will be stockpiled at the specially allocated sites within the limits of the pump station. After processing of the waste compost will be formed, unusable waste disposed of to the landfill. Figure 4.2.1.1. presents the view of different options of using the pumps under the given project.
Figure 4.2.1.1.
Different versions of the use of submerged pumps
Along with other benefits advantage of the submerged pumps is that they operate when flooded. The pump station #3, because of its poor state of maintenance and the lack of protection zone, must be demolished. The new site for the pump station #3 is in 250300m from the nearest residential and public space. Built will be a compact building with waste water receiving chamber (so called wet chamber) from where submerged pumps will deliver water to the treatment facility. The pump stations will be interconnected by means of pressure sewage collectors and flow from the pump station #3 to the treatment facility via 400mm pressure collector. Taking into accound that no sewage collector is available on the left bank of the KintrishiRiver, the project envisions construction of collector and the pump station. All stations will be connected to the automatic management system which ensures their operation in united regime.
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4.2.2. Construction of the sewage treatment facility According to the project the sewage treatment facility will be built south-west to the bridge, the right bank of the Ochkhamuri River (see Figure 4.1.). Selected is the 4ha area on which arranged will be the typical biological treatment facility with additional phytoremediation system. Schematic diagram of the treatment facility is given in Figure 4.2.2.1.
The plot is at the level of the river, or below which creates risk of flooding. According to the interviews with local population some parts of the area floods during the heavy showers. Taking this into consideration the project allows for vertical planning of the area allocaetd for the treatment facility, in particular: 1.8-2.0 m sand-gravel layer will be arranged, the layer will be covered with 0.6-1.0m thick clay. As a result, the elevation mark of the area will reach 2.5-3.0m and possibility of flooding will lower. Besides since all communications are aboveground the risk of their flooding will be minimised.
W aste water
Crusher
Gr ate
Com post., fert ilizer
Sand tr ap
Sand ground Gas-holder
U tilization of dr ied silt ( fertilizer )
Sil grounds
Primary set tling tank
Methane trap Boiler
W ater drained fr om the silt ground
Pump stat ion
Aerated ponds
Chlorinator
Contact reservoir
Pump stat ion
Discharge
Figure 4.2.2.1. Schematic diagram of the treatment facility Under the project envisioned is processing of the silt accumulated in the settlement unit, production of organic fertilizer and its selling. It must be taken into consideration that the silt may contain some toxic substances (heavy metals, pesticides, surfactants, etc.) and, therefore, can not be applied to the farmlands. The use of such fertilisers is allowable only on recreation lands and gardens. Worth to mention is that all methane generated by the treatment unit will be utilised onsite. No emission to atmosphere expected.
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Phythoremediation of the waste after processing at the treatment facility will provide absolute purification of the waste.
Project for rehabilitation of the stormwater collector The project for rehabilitation of the stormwater collector system envisions: rehabilitation of stormwater inlet and renovation of 50% of the pipeline. arrangement of 4 regulation reservoirs to enable gravity collection of storm water. the regulation reservoirs will be equipped with pumps, delivering water to the treatment facility each reservoir will be equipped with 4 pipes. The pumps will start up automatically depending on the level of accumulated water. The system will enable to minimize possibility of flooding of the city with atmospheric water. For each regulation reservoir will be equipped with its own treatment unit. Every treatment facility will consist of settlement tank and oil trap. Treated water will be discharged into the surface water body (Kintrishi, Ackhva, Shavi Gele rivers). The design scheme of the stormwater treatment facility is given in Figure 4.3.1.
Strorm water inlets
4.3.
Stormwater collector
Regulation reser voir
Pump station
Stor mwater treatment facility
D rainage
D ischarge of treated water
Surface water body
Figure 4.3.1.
Design scheme of the stormwater treatment facility
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5. ANALYSIS OF THE BACKGROUND STATUS OF ENVIROINMENT

5.1. General Kobuleti is located in 25 km from Batumi, in the south-west part of Kolkheti lowland. Kobuleti is the famous Black Sea resort and one of the most important centres for tourism and economical development of the country. Total area of the town is 15 km2. Population - 21,000. During the summer season population doubles or even triples.
Geomorphologically the study area includes Kobuleti costal zone lowland. The Kobuleti lowland is the outmost south-west end of the Kolkheti accumulation lowland. The surface on the first glance looks ideally flat and almost integer. In fact it is sloping towards the sea. So in the outmost eastern part the absolute elevation is above 6m, while in the west it varies from 2.1 to 2.5 m. It should be mentioned that from east to west (towards the sea) the area is 3 km. The largest part of the area represents a peat bog, the north-east and the south-west parts of which form peat domes. Compared to the peripheral strip these sections are elevated by 1-3 m. The area is cut up by the Shavi Gele, Togoni, Ochkhamuri, Kintrishi, Kinkisha and Achkhva riverbeds and several drainage canals. The depth of the rivers and canals is below 1.5-2.0 m. The area borders with: hilly strip of the north-east slope of the Chakvi ridge from the east; flat slightly sloping towards the Black Sea alluvium lowland from the north; strongly degraded wetland used to be used as a peat quarry from the south and sand and stone mound strip along the coastal strip from the west. The width of the latter is 200-300m, height 4-6m. Kobuleti is located within the limits of the coastal mound. The north-east part of the area represents a peat bog. Analysis of the data obtained by drilling testifies that the wetland represents 5 to 9 m thick single peat horizon. The peat is formed mainly by sphagnum moss. Within this layer thin stratum of grass and wood peat are observed. Absolute age of the deepest sited peat layer (depth 9m) determined by radiocarbon method is 4,480200 and 5,000300. It must be mentioned that under the peat horizon, based on the drilling data observed are the sand, gravel and clay of the coastal-marine facies. The areas at the periphery of the Kobuleti wetland are built of complex polygene sediment rocks. The coastal sand-stone mounds to 10-12m depth are composed of different grained sands, gravel, small and medium pebbles. In the north and the east parts of the wetland, to the same depth, the river sediments are found (yellowish sand-clay, silt sand, pebbles and gravel). 5.2.1.1. Natural resources The Kobuleti region is poor in natural resources. Worth to mention is fire-clay in the environs of the vil.Tsetskhlauri. In the 50-es of the XX century peat abstraction started in Ispany wetlands. At that time peat was considered as important natural resource
5.2. Natural background 5.2.1. Geological conditions
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of the Kobuleti region. This resulted in serious damage to ecology of the Kobuleti peat bogs.
5.2.2. Seismic conditions By seismic conditions Algeti reservoir belongs to the zone with 8 strong seismic intensity (according to the MSK-64 scale). This must be allowed for in design and construction of any building/construction and road (see construction norms and rules for construction in seismic regions, Annex 1, General map of seismic zoning and Annex 2, Table with indication of settlements and relevant maximum seismic intensity).
Seismologists confirm modern tectonic activity in the region, which is differentially expressed and depends on intensity of activity of the single blocks of the Georgian block.
5.2.3. Hydrogeology and hydrology 5.2.3.1. Hydrogeological conditions According to the hydrogeologcial zoning scheme Kobuleti and its environs belong to the Guria artesian basin of porous and fissure waters of the Georgian block and is located in the south-west of the basin, the area where the underground water crops out. The intakes of the Kobuleti water supply are located in Kintrishi and Kinkisha river interfluve. Total catchment area is 36 ha. Underground waters in the here belong to the aquifer of the Quaternary alluvial sediments built of pebble-boulders, stones, conglomerates, sand, clay and sandstones. The underground waters of the interfluve zone are fed with atmospheric water and river filtrates. The underground flow direction is from east to west. Productive stratum is the upper, water abundant part of the Quaternary interfluve alluvial sediments built of alluvial-marine stones with sand matrix overlapping the clay and the clayey layers. The underground water is fresh. By chemical composition bicarbonate-calciummagnesium with mineralization 0.2g/l. 5.2.3.2. Hydrology The rivers flowing in the area are: Natanebi, Ochkhamuri, Choloki, Shavi Gele, Togoni, Achkhva, Kintrishi and Kinkisha. Two of the mentioned rivers - Togoni and Shavi Gele are flowing through the Kobuleti protected area. In terms of hydrogeology of the micro region important are wetlands and several drainage canals. 5.2.3.3. Surface water quality For assessment of surface water quality of Kobuleti and its environs samples from Choloki, Achkhva, Kintrishi and Ochkhamuri river were collected and tested in the lab. Brief chemical and microbiological analysis of the samples were performed.
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Determined was content of the total petroleum hydrocarbons. Results of analysis are given in Tables 5.2.3.3.1, 5.2.3.3.2 and 5.2.3.3.3. Table 5.2.3.3.1.
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Results of the chemical analysis of the surface water samples

Choloki 6.30 34.872 0.00417 0.378 0.160 41.472 N.D. 4.800 1.680 3.200 0.700 5.672 Description of the sample Achkhva Kintrishi Ochkhamuri 7.50 8.15 7.90 173.120 187.120 175.290 0.02679 0.03211 0.02535 2.3175 2.867 2.992 2.960 3.112 2.960 237.130 327.210 229.290 N.D. N.D. N.D 38.000 44.000 47.000 7.300 8.100 7.800 8.700 9.700 9.900 1.500 1.600 1.300 8.340 8.100 7.090
Component pH Dry residue (mg/l) El.conductivity (sim/m) Hardness (mg-eqv/l) COD (mg/l) Total SiO2 (mg/l ) Mineralization (g/l ) NH4+ (mg/l ) Ca 2+ (mg/l ) Mg 2+ (mg/l ) Na + (mg/l ) K + (mg/l ) Li + (mg/l ) Sr2+ (mg/l ) Cl- (mg/l ) Br- (mg/l ) I- (mg/l ) HCO3- (mg/l ) CO32- (mg/l ) SO42- (mg/l ) NO2- (mg/l ) NO3- (mg/l )
13.420 N.D. 10.800 N.D. 1.200
112.800 N.D. 47.000 N.D. 5.600
102.800 N.D. 45.500 N.D. 5.100
109.800 N.D. 42.000 N.D. 4.400
Table 5.2.3.3.2.
#
Results of bacteriological analysis of the surface water samples

Factual value Mesoph. aerobes and facultative anaerobes in 1 ml 1540 (370C) 1700 (220C) 1020 (370C) 1560 (220C) 1870 (370C) 1900 (220C) 1020 (370C) 1560 (220C) Lactose positive bacteria in 1 l 11 000 000 1 100 000 21 000 000 1 100 000
Sampling place
Coli index in 1l 11 000 000 1 100 000 21 000 000 1 100 000
1 2 3 4
Choloki Achkhva Kintrishi Ochkhamuri
Table 5.2.3.3.3.
Total petroleum hydrocarbons in the surface water samples

Sample Choloki Achkhva Kintrishi Ochkhamuri TPH mg/kg < 0,04 < 0,04 < 0,04 < 0,04
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Analysis of results reveals that microbial pollution of surface water is very high. The reason of this is discharge of untreated effluents. As already mentioned above, waste water/sewage from Kutaisi discharges in the Shavi Gele and Achkhva Rivers. Shavi Gele is the tributary of the Ochkhamuri river, which in its turn joins the Choloki River. From the view of the quality of the coastal waters important is the quality of Choloki, Achkhva and Kintrishi rivers as in this region the prevailing currents transport pollution toward the beach.
5.2.4.
Soil and landscapes
Within the limits of the Kobuleti coastal lowland hydromorphic and alluvial soils dominate. East to the town, in protected area peat wetland and silt-wetland soils is present. In the sand and gravel mound strip, in conditions of good drainage of the surface water, podzol turf soils of alluvial-sand, clay-sand and partly meadow soils develop. In the hilly strip adjacent to the city, red soil is prevailing. In the outskirts of the town the following natural and man-made landscapes are observed: grass-sphagnum wetlands; degraded peat bogs; strongly degraded humid alder; artificial forest landscape; secondary meadows and meadow-bushes; agricultural lands; antropogene-aqual areas.
5.2.4.1. Metal content in soil and water of Kobuleti region The major soil type in the Kobuleti region is red and yellow. As they develop on the top of the withered basic rock, high concentration of iron (up to 12%) and manganese (up to 0.25%) is detected. Concentration of heavy metals in the 0-20cm soil layer in the farmlands is given Table 5.2.4.1.1. Table 5.2.4.1.1.
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Settlement Chakvi Dagva Alambari Tsikhisdziri Ochkhamuri Tsetskhlauri Gvara
Metals content in the soils of Kobuleti region

mg/kg Zn 57 57 53 147 39 32 53 63 50 Cu 65 130 65 150 28 18 40 71 20 Pb 43 33 35 45 35 38 43 39 18 Ni 38 100 42 54 30 25 45 48 40
Agerage Clark concentration according to Vinogradov
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The data testify that in the study samples the concentration of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb is above relevant Clark value. Especially high are the values in the Tsikhisdziri soil samples. The costal zone of Kobuleti represents the north periphery of dynamic system of the Chorokhi River. In its formation participating is the drift of the small rivers : Chakvistskali, Kintrishi. The volumes of the drift are given in Table 5.2.4.1.2. Table 5.2.4.1.2. River catchment basin areas and volume of the river drift River Chakvistskali Kintrishi Natanebi Volume of the solid drift, t/year 19 000 22 300 146 500 2 Catchment area, km 172.6 291 657 The catchment areas are located in the zone of withering of the red soil which predetermines chemical composition of the river drift. (Table 5.2.4.1.3.) Table 5.2.4.1.3.
River Fe Chakvistskali Kintrishi Natanebi 8,0 10,2 5,5 % Mn 0,16 0,17 0,13 Cu 130 120 100 Zn 90 120 100 V 47 110 140
Metal content in the river drift

mg/kg Cr 30 230 440 Ni 190 180 130 Pb 8 8 13
In the south periphery of Kobuleti the shelf covers the area up to the 100m isobath, its width is 1.5 km, sloping - 0.1-0.15. Within the shelf two canyons, one in Pichvnari village (north outskirt of Kobuleti) and another along the Kintrishi river mouth can be marked out. The both canyons start at the 30m isobath. In the sea bottom sediments of the shallow water concentration of iron and manganese is similar to that in the red soil (Table 5.2.4.1.4). Average concentration of Fe, Mn Ni Cu is higher than in the deep-sea sediment samples, which is due to the strong influence of the strong terrigeneous sedimentation. In deeper water (20-60m) where the influence of the river drift is less, concentration of metals decreases, except for that of the Cu and Pb. Concentration of arsenic in the bottom sediments of the mentioned zone makes 6 11 mg/kg, concentration of barium is 220 - 560 mg/kg. The latter is due to the presence of barium containing zeolites widely met in the Guria region. High concentration of Ba in the drift results from the zeolite withering products carried in the costal strip by the rivers.
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Metal content in the shallow sea bottom sediments in the Kobuleti area, % (1995 and 2006) Depth, Fe Cu Zn V Cr Mn Pb Ni m 5 7.20 0.009 0.014 0.025 0.0580 0.25 0.0013 0.008 Kintrishi river mouth 7 7.70 0.008 0.014 0.028 0.0540 0.26 0.0023 0.009 9 7.50 0.006 0.013 0.017 0.0440 0.20 0.0023 0.008 7 10.2 0.026 0.025 0.042 0.0780 0.20 0.0015 0.010 9 7.2 0.012 0.014 0.028 0.0410 0.21 0.0011 0.009 South outskirts of 11 7.9 0.012 0.015 0.028 0.0520 0.22 0.0014 0.010 Kobuleti 13 6.7 0.014 0.012 0.021 0.0400 0.17 0.0042 0.010 15 6.4 0.016 0.011 0.014 0.0240 0.12 0.0006 0.011 11 8.1 0.013 0.014 0.028 0.0720 0.16 0.0009 0.010 Central part of Kobuleti 13 8.3 0.007 0.013 0.040 0.0880 0.17 0.0011 0.011 15 6.1 0.012 0.012 0.018 0.0360 0.17 0.0010 0.009 3 6.8 0.007 0.011 0.026 0.0480 0.13 0.0013 0.011 5 5.6 0.007 0.016 0.026 0.0360 0.12 0.0013 0.010 7 7.0 0.006 0.014 0.040 0.0740 0.16 0.0020 0.013 South outskirts of 9 7.7 0.008 0.012 0.045 0.1100 0.16 0.0025 0.013 Kobuleti 11 6.4 0.008 0.011 0.019 0.0410 0.15 0.0013 0.012 13 6.3 0.011 0.012 0.018 0.0390 0.15 0.0014 0.013 15 6.0 0.009 0.011 0.028 0.0480 0.14 0.0007 0.012 Average 7.17 0.011 0.014 0.027 0.0546 0.17 0.0016 0.011 Central part of Kobuleti 60 4.88 0.0105 0.0100 0.0160 0.0106 0.101 0.0016 0.006 North outskirts of 5.75 0.0035 0.0085 0.0054 0.0027 19 Kobuleti South outskirts of 11.20 0.0035 0.0165 0.0700 0.0016 20 Kobuleti Deep sea, carbonate 4.4 0.0060 0.0100 0.0080 0.0070 0.07 0.0020 0.0060 free sediments
Table 5.2.4.1.4.
Sea water In the Kobuleti water area, within the limits of the 100m isobath, salinity of the sea water varies from 17 to 19 g/l, which corresponds to salinity of transition waters. Concentration of suspended particles is comparatively low, pH not higher than 8.6. Concentration of micro components in the sea water is given in Table 5.2.4.1.5.
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Table 5.24.1.5. Results of analysis of the sea water from the Kobuleti water area
Sampling depth, m Suspended particles mg/l COD., mg/l O Sea bottom depth, m Salinity, g/l
pH
Eh, mv
Al, mg/l
Zn, mg/l
Ni,mg/l
Mn, mg/l
Cu, mg/l
Ba, mg/l
Fe, mg/l
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 13 5 13 5 50 5 60 5 75
19 19 20 20 86 86 128 128 100 100
8.55 8.60 8.55 8.55 8.50 8.45 8.50 8.40 8.50 8.50
80 21 81 120 62 113 64 -
19.24 19.24 19.24 19.24 19.24 18.60 19.24 19.24 17.96 19.88
0.12 <0.10 0.12 0.33 0.28 0.18 0.10 0.97 0.27 5.73
15.2 4.0 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.6 16.8 23.2 12.0 12.8
0.0025 0.004 0.0030 0.004 0.0172 0.003 0.0024 0.003 0.0052 0.003 0.0008 0.004 0.0030 <0.002 0.0003 0.010 0.0076 0.003 0.0014 <0.002
0.003 0.004 0.008 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.006 0.003 <0.002
0.003 0.003 0.004 0.003 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
<0.10 0.020 <0.10 0.018 <0.10 0.036 <0.10 0.046 <0.10 0.030 <0.10 0.032 0.18 0.014 <0.10 0.008 <0.10 0.008 <0.10 <0.002
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5.2.5. Biodiversity 5.2.5.1. Flora The study area belongs to Batumi section of the Kolkheti province of European district of the Mediterranean Sea region and is similar to the analogous sections of the mentioned zone. The area has been transformed in the course of the land development and lost its original state. Felling, grazing and other activities have had certain negative impact on vegetation. Some areas, especially the site selected for construction of the treatment facility is littered which is also unfavourable for the flora of the area. In the limits of the pipeline route and its environs the main tree species are: alder (Alnus barbata), fig (Ficus carica), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), etc. Bushes are presented by blackberry (Rubus anatolica), common gorse (Ulex europaeus), and other species. In the wetland and flooded areas sedge (Carex colchica, C. lasiocarpa, C. gracilis), common rush (Juncus effusus), Bur-reed (Sparganium), broadleaf cattail (Tupha latifolia and T. angustifolia), reed (P hragmites communis), etc. are present. Within the study area water mint (Mentha aquatica), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium), erect cinquefoil - Potentilla erecta, Lycopus europaeus, Ranunculus sceleratus, Polygonum perfoliatum, marshpepper knotweed (Polygonum hydropiper), spotted ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria), Indian strawberry -Duchesnea indica, Hydrocotyle ramiflora, American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana), wavyleaf basketgrass (Oplismenus undulatifolius), horsetail (Equisetum arvensis), Equisetum palustre are aslo met. In water, different species of pondweed (Potamogeton), in marshes - peat moss - Spagnum cymbifolium, S. subbicolor are observed. In comparatively dry areas fern (Pteridium tauricum) is reported. According to N.Kvaratskhelia, A.Grinshaim and others, within the wetlands of the Colchis lowland such relict species as Drosera rotundifolia, Menianthus trifoliata, Trapa colchica, Hibiscus ponticus and others are found. The audit has not revealed the presence of the mentioned species in the project area. They have probably been degraded because of the land development and other activities in the region. The same factors explain multiplicity of advent species (Phytolacca, Hydrocotyle, Oplisminus, etc). As mentioned above, the study area has lost its original natural status and in the present state does not require implementation of any specific protection measures.
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Figure 5.2.5.1.1.
The site for the treatment facility
Figure 5.2.5.1.2.
View of the intake area
Of grasses round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis) are seldom met. Within the wetlands Yellow Azalea (Rhododendron luteum) and Common Rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) typical for peat bogs are found. Observed are slightly heightened peat domes composed of sphagnum moss. In the periphery strip glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus) is reported. Along with the Togoni and the Shavi Gele rivers, which flow in the north-east and south-west part of Ispani-2 wetland, 40-50 years ago well-preserved bogged alder massive formed 200-600m wide strip. Today, this area is covered with degraded bush fragments. The latter include: alder (Alnus barbata), Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya pterocarya), Imeretian oak (Querkus imeretina), maple (Acer campectre), glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus) species, raspberry-bush, silkvine (Periploca graeca), colchis ivy (Hedera colchica) and other lianas. 5.2.5.2. Fauna The environs of Kobuleti, especially protected areas are rich in fauna species. These are: mammals- Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), jackal (Canis aureus), wildcat (Felis silvestris), nutria (Myocastor couprus), badger (Meles meles). In winter wolves (Vulpes
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vulpes) and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) can also be met; small mammals east European hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), caucasean mole (Talpa caucasica), wharf rat (Rattus norvegicus). The species such white-toothed shrew (Sorex volnuchini), pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), water vole (Arvicola terestris), Caucasian forest mouse (Silvimu silvaticuss), house mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus rattus) and sometimes found. Protected area and adjacent territories are important for migrant birds and wetland waterfowls. The bird species typical for the Colchis lowland are present, including: Anas strepera, Anser anser, Melanitta fusca, Scolopax rusticola, and Netta rufina, nesting birds - Aquila pomarina, Accipiter nisus, Ardea cinerea, Circus aeruginosus, Egretta garzetta, Gallinago gallinago, Lymnocryptes minimus. Hibernating (Circus cyaneus) and migrant (C. pygargus and C. macrourus) Zelqorebis species are found. Reptiles are seldom met. Reported species are European pond tortoise (Emys orbicularis), sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) and lizards (Lacerta media), dice snake (Natrix tesselata), Smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris) and Great crested newt (Triturus cristatus), lake frog (Rana ridibunda), common tree frog (Hyla arborea), European green toad (Bufo viridis) and Caucasean toad (Bufo verucozissima). The area is rich in invertebrates, which are not studied well yet. Kintrishi, Choloki and Achkhva Rivers do not belong to watercourses important from the view of fishing. Fish species are not diverse (25 species are available). Present are the species of 9 families. The largest is the carp family. It is represented by 13 species, which include Caucasian endemics - Cochis nase, Caucasean shemaya, Colchis barbell, Transcaucasean gudgeon. Cat-fish, river eel are seldom met. Two representatives of salmon black sea salmon and river salmon are the Georgian red book species. From this view Kintrishi River is the most notable as it is one of the rivers where salmon is met. It should be mentioned that most of the fish are lithophilous, some are europhagues, feed on algae, some-predators (e.g. cat-fish). In estuaries mullets are met. Detailed information of bio ecology and status of fish species is given in Tables 5.2.5.2.1. and 5.2.5.2.2.
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Table 5.2.5.2.1. Bio ecology of ichtyofauna (Kintrishi, Achkhva,Choloki Rivers)

# 1 Family Salmonidae Species Salmo trutta L. Reproduction OctoberNovember, till early January Biotope stone-sandy areas, rapid flows, spawns in holes, water temperature 4-80C Habitats in Adjara Migrant fish, spawns in Chorokhi and tributaries, Machakhela, Chakvistskali, Kintrishi
Salmo trutta m.fario
SeptemberFebruary
Esoxidae
Esox lucius (Linne)
March-June
4 5 6
Gobitidae
Siluridae
Nemachilus angora Stend.,1897 Gobitis taenia L., 1758 Silurus glanis L., 1758
May-August May-June Spawn from May till August, water temperature 1823C. April-November, at the age of 610
spawns in shallow water of rapid flows, sandy areas, water temperature below 10C spawns in moderately shallow waters, in sediments and algae shallow water, sandy areas shallow water, sandy areas spawns in the near-bank areas in the algae
is met in Kintrishi, Chakvistskali (tributaries), Machakhela, Tkhilnari, Jochistskali, Korolistskali, Chorokhi and Adjaristskali predatory species of fresh water, dwells in costal SambnarebSi, in Cholokhi and Achkhva river basins is found in Chorokhi river and its tributaries, in Kintrishi River is found in almost all rivers in Adjara large predatory species, is met in Chorokhi and Chorokhi River basins
Anguillidae
Anguila anguila (Linne)
spawns in the sea
Cyprinidae
Rutilis rutilis Linne
April-May
Leuciscus cephalus orientalis Nordmann Leuciscus borysthenicus
April-July
spawns in shallow water in the rich with algae areas, near the bank, spawns in shallow water, sandy areas, stagnant or slow water. shallow water, sandy areas
migrant species, is found in rivers and lakes. Often moves from one place to another by land, mostly at night, when humidity is high. Is met in Chorokhi, Kintrishi and Choloki rivers. fresh water species, lives in schools, is met in Cholokhi and Achkhva rivers. is widely met in Chorokhi, Akareti, Adjaristskali, Tkhilnari, Kintrishi and Choloki rivers freshwater species, is found in the downstream river flows, in shallow
10
May-June
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(Kessler, 1859)
11
Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Chondrostoma colchicum (Kessler)
June-July
shallow water, sandy areas
areas. Is met in Chorokhi, Chakvistskali, Dekhva, Kintrishi, Cholokhi and Achkhva is met in Chorokhi, Chakvistskali, Achkhva, Kintrishi and Cholokhi fresh water species. Is met in stagnant water and streams. Is found in Chorokhi, Adjaristskali, Chakvistskali, Achkhva, Kintrishi and Cholokhi fresh water species. Mover high upstream. Is met in Chorokhi, Adjaristskali, Chakvistskali, Kintrishi and Cholokhi basins is met in all rivers in Adjara. Mover high upstream.
12
March-June
13
14
Gobio gobio lepidolaemus caucasicus Kamensky,1901Barbus tauricus escherichi Steind.1897 Chalcaburnus chalcoides derjugini(Berg,1899) Alburnoides bipunctatus fasciatus Vimba vimba tenella
May-August
15
June-August, earlier in the downstream areas May-July
shallow water, sandy rich with algae areas, 12-18C
shallow water, sandy areas, 15-22C shallow water, sandy areas, streams sandy areas rich with algae
17
May-end of July
fresh river species. Is met in Chorokhi, Chakvistskali, Kintrishi, Cholokhi and Dekhvi is widely met. Is found in Chorokhi, Chakvistskali, Achkhva, Kintrishi and Cholokhi is met in Adjaristskali, Cholokhi, Kintrishi, Achkhva, Kahabris Tba
18
April-July
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19
Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) Cyprinus carpio L., 1758
February-August, spawns twice April-September shallow water, rich with algae bear-bank areas
is met in Cholokhi upstream area, in Chorokhi, Chakvistsjkali, Kintrishi rivers is widely met. Is found in Mejinistskali, Korolistskali, Chakvistskali, Dekhvi, Achkhva, Cholokhi, Kintrishi, Adjaristskali.
20
21
Carassius carassius
22
Persidae
Perca fluviatilis L., 1758
April-October, multiple spawning March-April
rich with algae bear-bank areas
23
Pecilidae
Gambusia affinis (Baird et Girard, 1853)
24
Gobidae
25
Neogobius cephalarges constructor Nordmann, 1840) Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1811
May-April, multiple spawning throughout a year May-July
viviparous fish. in favourable conditions can produce 6-7 generations
fresh water species. Is found in slow water rich with algae, in desalinated sea water and lakes. Is met in Cholokhi River was introduce in Georgia in 1925. from Italy. In met in almost all rivers in Adjara
attaches eggs to the down sides of stones in rows
is met in Cholokhi, Chorokhi, Chakvistskali, Kakhabris and Nurie lakes in met in semi-saline coastal water. Prefers to stay in the deeper sites water layers close to the sea bottom. Lives in shells and sand sediments. Is found along the whole Black Sea coast from Chorokhi to Kodori. Is also met in coastal lakes and wetlands, belongs to the semi-migrant species..
MarchSeptember, at 10-20C
multiple spawning. Eggs are guarded by male fish. Important industrial fish.
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Table 5.2.5.2.2.
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Status of ichtyofauna (Kintrishi, Achkhva and Cholkhi rivers)

Qty* d c c c c c d c b c b b b b b b c b b b c a c c Status** EN VU VU LR VU VU LR LR LR LR LR LR LR VU LR LR LR LR VU LR LR LR Caucasian endemic Caucasian endemic Caucasian endemic Caucasian endemic Note Red list,Georgia Red list,Georgia
Species Salmo trutta L. Salmo trutta m.fario Esox lucius (Linne) Nemachilus angora Stend.,1897 Gobitis taenia L., 1758 Silurus glanis L., 1758 Anguila anguila (Linne) Rutilis rutilis Linne Leuciscus cephalus orientalis Nordmann Leuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler, 1859 Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Chondrostoma colchicum (Kessler) Gobio gobio lepidolaemus caucasicus Kamensky,1901 Barbus tauricus escherichi Steind.1897 Chalcaburnus chalcoides derjugini(Berg,1899) Alburnoides bipunctatus fasciatus Vimba vimba tenella Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 Carassius carassius Perca fluviatilis L., 1758 Gambusia affinis (Baird et Girard, 1853) Neogobius cephalarges constructor Nordmann, 1840) Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1811
* - Qty: a-high, b medium, c low, d rare **- factual status of population according to the IUCN categories. Important is the fact that the works envisioned under the rehabilitation project (rehabilitation and construction works) will be carried out within the limits of the developed area, which is poor in terms of fauna.
5.2.6.
Protected areas
Kobuleti reserve
5.2.6.1.
According to the Article 7 of the Law of Georgia on On Establishment And Management of Kolkheti Protected Areas within the boundaries of Kobuleti region the following categories of protected areas are: 1. Kobuleti State Reserve, 2. Kobuleti Sanctuary, 3. Kobuleti multiple use area.
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Kobuleti State Reserve, Kobuleti Sanctuary, Kobuleti multiple use area belong to the Kolkheti protected areas and includes the north part of the coastal lowland. Kobuleti reserve is located in the south-west part of Georgia along the north strip of the Black Sea coastal area, Adjara autonomous republic. Coordinates north latitude 41o5218; 41o5103 ; east longitude 41o4727; 41o4930. The area of protected area and reserve is 365.44 ha and 238.03 ha respectively. The Kobuleti wetland borders with the Togoni River from the north, Kobuleti and Ozurgeti road from the east, the south border is in 1.8-2.2km south from the Shavi Gele River. From the west, the border runs along the edge of the Kobuleti protected area in 0.2-0.2 km distance to the latter. The Kobuleti reserve and protected area belong to Kolkheti protected zone and encompass the north part of the Kobuleti coastal flatland. The topographic map of the area is given in Figure 5.2.6.1.1.
Ispani 2
Swamp Forested wetland Drained wetland Ramsar area Residential area Highway Road Railway line
Kobulet
Figure 5.2.6.1.1.
Location map Kobuleti protected area
Despite of the limited area (603.47 ha) the Kobuleti wetland is of importance because of its landscape. It is valuable from the view of flora. Almost half of the area represents Ispani-2 wetland valuable from floristic point of view as the sphagnumgrass swamps are preserved here in their original or almost undisturbed state. The swamps are notable for peat pillows composed of sphagnum moss and herbaceous plants synusias. Originality of Ispani 2 is due to the presence of both the boreal (tundra and taiga) (Sphagnum imbricatum, S. palustre, S. auriculatum; Drosera rotundifolia; Rhynhospora alba; Carex lasiocarpa, etc.) and the Colchis flora elements such as Rhododendron ponticum, R. luteum. The reason why the Ispani2 the wetland is preserved is it inaccessibility. The thickness of the peat horizon in the Ispani-2 morass varies between 5 and 9 m, therefore it is
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impassable and can not be used neither for grazing nor for mowing. The areas adjacent to the Ispany-2 are widely used as pastures, for mowing and as ploughlands. Ispany-2 was have not been used as a peat quarry as were Ispani-1 and Ispani-3. Taking mentioned above into consideration according to the present status of the landscape, the Kobuleti reserve can be split in two parts - the northern part, Ispani-2 and the south-west part Ispani-1. On the periphery of the morass and in some places along the Togoni and the Shavi Gele Rivers narrow strips of secondary trees and bushes are observed. Ispani-1 is degraded by land development. The area is cut up with drainage and water canals. The sparse meadows are used for grazing and mowing. Vicinity to the urban area endangers primary and altered ecosystems of the Kobuleti wetlands. Some red book species (Drosera rotundifolia, Osmunda regalis, Pterocarya pterocarya, etc.) are under the risk of extermination. The Kobuleti reserve attracts special attention because of its sensitivity in terms of vegetation. It must be mentioned that despite its vicinity to the urban strip Kobuleti resort zone from the south (distance is about 3 m), Ochkhamuri, Tsetskhlauri, Mukhaestate villages and farmlands from the east, the flora of the reserve is untapped. The most of the grass-sphagnum morass is preserved. Widely met is Molinia litoralis; in some areas Carex lasiocarpa; Carex riparia and other dominates. Herbaceous synusia are developed on the surface of the sphagnum moss. The sphagnum cover is built of Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum imbricatum and Sphagnum palustre species. Within the herbaceous synusia Drosera rotundifolia, Osmunda regalis are seldom met. Originality of the Kobuleti wetland is due to Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron ponticum and peat pillows (domes) composed of the sphagnum moss. In the periphery worth to mention is Frangula alnus. Along the Togoni and the Shavi Gele rivers, which flow north-east and south-west of Ispani-2, well preserved 200-600 m wide strip of the bogged alder massive formed 4050 years ago was reported. Today the area is covered with bush fragments represented by Alnus barbata, Pterocarya pterocarya, Querkus imeretina, Acer campectre, Llex colchica and Frangula alnus specimen. Worth to mention is the fact that the works envisioned under the project will be carried out in the area remote from protected site. The closest, the sewage treatment facility, will be at more than 2 distance.
5.2.7.
Climate and meteorological conditions

Major meteorological characteristics of Kobuleti resort area Average monthly and annual temperature III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI 8.6 11.8 16.2 20.3 22.6 23.0 20.0 16.4 12.3
5.2.7.1.
Month 0C
I 5.8
II 6.4
XII Average 8.1 14.3
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Month 0C Month 0C
Month 0C
I 2.8 I -16
I 9.9
Average minimum temperature II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 3.2 4.8 7.8 12.3 16.4 19.2 19.6 16.2 12.6 8.5 5.2 Absolute minimum temperature II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII -16 -10 -2 2 8 11 11 6 -2 -9 -13 Average maximum temperature
II 10.7 III 12.8 IV 16.8 V 21.4 VI 24.5 VII 26.2 VIII 26.9 IX 24.5 X 21.4 XI 16.8
Average 10.7 Average -16

Aver. 18.7
XII 12.3
Month 0C
I 22
II 26
III 32
60 40 20 0 -20
I
Absolute maximum temperature IV V VI VII VIII IX X 36 37 38 38 40 38 32
XI 29
XII 24
Average 40
III
VII
IX
XI
Average
Average annual Abs.min Abs.max
Average min Average max
Month
%
I 72
II 73
III 76
84 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 68 66
IV 78
V 81
Relative humidity VI VII VIII 80 81 82

81 81 82 80 78 81
IX 81
X 78
XI 76
XII 72
Average 78
73
78
78 76 72
76
72
II
III
IV
VI VII VIII IX
XI XII saS
Month mm
I 147
II 128
III 104
IV 91
V 64
Precipitations VI VII VIII 130 195 229
IX 278
X 197
XI 168
XII 159
Average 1890
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300 250 200 150 100 50 0

I II III IV V VI VII VIII 147 128 91 104 64 195 130 229
278 197 168 159
IX
XI
XII
mm
Month day
I 0.2
II 0.7
III 1
IV 3
V 1
Mist VI VII 0.2 0.3 Wind S 14

N
. VIII 0.2 IX 0.6 X 0.6 XI 0.5 XII 0.5 Average 9
N 3
NE 15
E 20
SE 13
NW
SW 20
NE
W 11
NW 4
Calm 5
20 E 13
SW
14 S
SE
Month m/sec
I 3.6
II 4.3
III 4.3
5 4 3 2 1 0
IV 3.5
V 3.2
Wind speed VI VII VIII 3.2 3.4 3.1

3.5
IX 3.1
X 3.1
3.5
XI 3.8
XII 3.2
Average 3.5
4.3 4.3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.8 3.2
3.2
II
III
IV
VI
VII VIII m/sec
IX
XI
XII
saS
Soil surface, average monthly, maximum and minimum temperature

t 0C Average Aver.max Aver.min I 4 11 0 II 6 14 2 III 10 20 4 IV 15 29 7 V 22 38 12 VI 27 44 17 VII 28 44 19 VIII 28 43 19 IX 22 37 16 X 17 30 11 XI 12 20 7 XII 6 13 3 Average 16 29 10
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50 40 30 20
11 20 14 10 6 2 III 4 7 V 12 15 29 22 38
44
44
43 37
27 17
28 19
28 22 19 16
30 20 17 12 11 7 13 6 3
29
16
10 0
4 0 I
10
VII
IX
XI
Average
5.2.7.2. Atmospheric air quality The highway runs parallel to the coast at about 10-11 km distances. Geographic boundary of the central part of the Kobuleti resort along the highway is about 3km. Intensity of the traffic is as given below:
Type Passenger car Minibus Trucks and bus
Left direction 55 45 12
Right direction 55 45 12
Average speed (km/hr) 60 60 60
Emissions within the limits of selected section calculated based on the baseline information given above using the special software is as presented in Table below. The railway station was selected as the centre of the system of coordinates. Section 1 (L = 1100 m)
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Substance Carbon oxide Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxide Petrol fraction Kerosene fraction Soot Sulphur dioxide Formaldehyde Benzo(a)pyrene Substance Carbon oxide Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxide Petrol fraction Kerosene fraction Soot Sulphur dioxide Formaldehyde Benzo(a)pyrene Code 337 301 304 2704 2732 328 330 1325 703 Code 337 301 304 2704 2732 328 330 1325 703 Emission, g/sec 0.0154357 0.0352816 0.00573326 0 0.0110255 0.00066153 0.00015436 0.00005513 0.0 Emission, g/sec 0.08026295 0.12047909 0.01957785 0.0076834 0.02452655 0.00224787 0.00192974 0.00016923 0.00000001 Emission, t/year 0.48678024 1.11264054 0.18080409 0 0.34770017 0.02086201 0.0048678 0.0017385 0.00000014 Emission, t/year 2.53117229 3.79942844 0.61740712 0.24230368 0.77346938 0.07088884 0.06085627 0.00533669 0.00000038
Section 2 (L = 762 m)
Results of calculation are given in Annex 1.

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Based on the data of calculated emissions estimated was propagation of all pollutants in the 1500x2000m area (conventional coordinates X1 = -750; Y1 =0; X2 =750; Y2 =0;), which covers the whole resort zone from the coast eastwards. The step is 250 m. For calculation the archive meteorological data kept in Kobuleti were used. The charts of the calculation are given below, printouts of the software enclosed (Annex 2).
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R/w station
R/w station
Nitrogen dioxide spatial distribution
Nitrogen oxide spatial distribution
R/w station
R/w station
Soot spatial distribution
Sulphur dioxide spatial distribution
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R/w station
R/w station
Carbon oxide spatial distribution
Benzo(a)pyrene spatial distribution
R/w station
R/w station
Formaldehyde spatial distribution
Petrol fraction spatial distribution
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R/w station
R/w station
Kerosene fraction spatial distribution
Summary impact group (301+330) spatial distribution
Based on the analysis of the computer calculation it can be concluded that the impact of nitrogen, carbon and sulphur oxides, soot, petrol and kerosene fractions of hydrocarbons, formaldehyde and benzo(a)pyrene in the central part of the town are negligible. Exception is nitrogen dioxide and the summary impact group. Maximum concentration of the summary impact group (301+330) and nitrogen dioxide observed along the both sides of the road and the nearest boundary of the settlement makes 0.8 and 0.69 MPC respectively. 5.2.7.3. Background noise Background noise is related to the traffic along Tbilisi-Batumi road and noise from the train. No other sources of noise and vibration are available. In order to determine the background noise and vibration the values were measured in 4 locations selected within the boundaries of the project area. The measurements were taken using -1 (the unit has metrological certificate). Results are given in Table 5.2.7.3.1.
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Table 5.2.7.3.1.
Sound pressure level, dB Average geometric frequency of octavefrequency band, Hz 1000 2000 4000 8000 25 23 34 31.5 125 250 500 63 Sound level and equivalent sound level, dB
Sampling point
1 2 3
Area allocated for the storage reservoir Area allocated for construction of pump station #3 Area allocated for the treatment facility Area allocated for construction of the stormwater treatment facility
59 57 63
57 52 61
54 47 57
43 43 54
41 36 52
39 32 47
34 28 45
32 25 40
43 39 51
72
68
62
58
54
46
42
32
25
66
Comparison of the measurement data with the values determined under the statutory act (sanitary norms and rules noise at workplaces, residential and public places (#90, 24.08.2001, m.647)) shows that the noise on the site is below permissible level.
5.2.7.4. Background radiation Radiation safety issues in Georgia are regulated under the law of Georgia on Health Care; the law of Georgia on Nuclear and Radiation Safety; Sanitary Code of Georgia, and subordinate normative documents: norms on radiation safety (RUN2000); main sanitary rules and norms for handling of radioactive substances and ionising radiation operation. In early December 2006 monitoring of radiation background in the area was carried out. Objective was to study gamma radiation and to identify possible uncontrolled sources of radiation within the area. It should be mentioned that the background radiation in the region ranges from 6 to 15 mkr/hr and as proved by historic data is stable. The measurements were taken using the scintillation dosimeter P-68-01, #2912, (production date 1986, Russia) designed for identification of gamma background radiation, survey of radioactive deposits, etc. The unit enables identification of radiation from 0 to 10000 S-1 and exposition dose 0-3000 mkr/hr. Characteristics of the plateaux of the photoelectromultiplier were controlled by means of the CO60 radioactive source. Gamma radiation energy limit was fixed in 15-35 keV diapason. Precision of the unit - 25-30%. Monitoring was done along the profiles (distance between the profiles 1.5-2.0m). Readings were taken in 5 location 4 corners of imaginary rectangle and in the intersection of diagonals (so called envelope method).
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Sensitivity of the SRP 68-01 unit was periodically controlled using the control source, power supply regime-checked hourly. The gamma background radiation, measured in the open spaces within the limits of the project area was varying in 6-12 mkr/hr. Conclusion: 1. Survey of the area revealed that background (gamma) radiation is 6-12 mkr/hr, which is typical for the region.
2. Neither uncontrolled sources of irradiation, nor radioactive pollution within the

limits of the study area were detected.
5.2.8.
Cultural heritage
5.2.8.1. Archaeology Analysis of materials of archaeological excavations revealed that the Kobuleti lowland and adjacent foothills were populated in Neolith age, 8-10 thou years ago. This is proved by excavations in Kintrishi gorge, near vil.Khutsuba. The monument is now covered with earth, part of the objects (flint and obsidian weapons) unearthed during the survey are on display in the state museum of Adjara. During the land development (construction of drainage canal) near the Kobuleti protected area, under the 2.5 m thick peat layer, found were remains of the bronze age settlement. The finding testifies that 5-6 thou years ago the area was not a morass. North to Kobuleti, two middle bronze age (about 3,500-4,500 year age) settlement Namcheduri and ancient age Pichvnari were unearthed. The latter was established in II century BC and existed until the II century AD. Pichvnari settlers were farmers, fishers and were melting iron from magnetite sand. The sites of these ancient settlements are still visible, excavated articles are preserved in Adjara state museum. 5.2.8.2. Architecture There several interesting architectural monuments in the area adjacent to Kobuleti. Worth to mention are Ninotsminda church in vil.Didvake, remains of the Elia castle in vil.Achkhva, Mamuka castle near vil.Alambara, Petra castle ruins near the Green cape, and the arch bridges on the Kintrishi River.
5.2.9. Social aspects Kobuleti region represents of Adjara area. The area includes coastal lowland and hilly and low mountain strip east to it. The area is notable for biodiversity. The most of the area is 30 km coastal flatland along the sea coast. The largest part is manmade landscape (settlements, households, farmlands, etc), from the east the area borders with deciduous forests and hilly and low mountain area covered with bushes. Within the boundaries of the mentioned strip fragments of cultural landscapes cut in. The Black Sea is important resource for Adjara autonomous republic and Kobuleti region.
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Peculiarities of natural resources, location along the warm Black Sea coast, humid and warm subtropic climate, etc. predetermined tourist profile (healing of cardiovascular, respiratory diseases and disorders of nervous system, etc.) of the Kobuleti region and development of agro-processing industry. 5.2.9.1. Demography According to the 2002 data, population of Kobuleti totals 85,300. In Kobuleti region there are: one town (Kobuleti), two settlements (Ochkhamuri, Chakvi) and 47 villages. The planning of the settlements is linear. It should be mentioned that the Kobuleti resort zone is the typical example of the densely populated settlement with linear planning. Since 30-40-es of the XX century the rate of urbanization processes in Kobuleti and Ochkhamuri intensified. Average density of population per 1 km2 in Kobuleti region is 122. In average in the rural population in 2002 accounted for 1,151. In the most of the villages population is 200-500 in average. However, in some villages (Zeda Dagva, Chaisubani, Khutsubani) population exceeds 3,000. In urban type settlement Chakvi population is 8,100, while in Ochkhamuri it totals 5.026. As for Kobuleti, population there is 21 thou. 5.2.9.2. Industry Agriculture. Agriculture is the major source of income for population. Subtropic agriculture is traditional field of activities. More than 60% of the land falls at the coastal area, which is covered with perennial plants. One of the characteristic fields is tea growing. The most of the tea-plantations is located in the hilly zone. Lately the quality and the volume of tea production in the region reduced because of dispersity of plantations, poor agrotecnical practices, as well as availability of high quality and cheap Indian, Ceylonian and Chinese tea at the market. Worth to mention is citrus growing, which used to be one of the leading branches of agriculture in Kobuleti region in the second half of the XX century. Today, citrus (tangerines - 85%) is significant source of income for the local population. Recently walnut and hazelnut production became profitable. Sizable share of agriculture of Kobuleti region belongs to the cattle breeding. Recreation industry. Due to the favourable natural conditions recreation industry is gradually growing. In 90-es of the XX century after degradation of the resort-tourist infrastructure in Abkhazeti and Kolkheti, Adjara, in particular Kobuleti region turned into the major recreation region for Georgians. It must be mentioned that involvement of the private sector enabled to increase the quality of services. This, in its turn, favoured further development of the tourist/recreation industry. Today construction of tourist hotels, cafes, restaurants and boarding houses is intense. Transport industry. There are two highways and one trunk railway in Kobuleti and the area. The trunk railway and the highway parallel to the railway run east to the town, the second road through Kobuleti. As for the sea transport, 1-2 km of the coastal strip is not used for traffic. The nearest ports Poti and Batumi are in 46 and 30km distance respectively. In the Kobuleti
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coastal zone in the nearest past pier type berth used to be used for serving tourists. Today it is in poor state of maintenance and requires rehabilitation. 5.2.9.3. The status of water supply system in Kobuleti Kobuleti is supplied with water from the intake located in Kintrisha and Kinkisha interfluve. The source of water is underground (fresh bicarbonate calciummagnesium). The system consists of old and new intake galleries and boreholes (16 wells). The new and the old galleries are respectively 331m and 160 m long. Water level is 4.37m. Water from the gallery collects in reservoir from where it gets into the pump station. The boreholes are 25m deep each. The boreholes are located close to each other and are hydraulically connected. Neither of them has protection box. The height of collector well is 7 m for the old gallery and 8m for the new one. In case of the full strength operation of the wells the water level decreases sharply and the gallery becomes of-stream. The boreholes and the collector well of the old gallery are connected by means of the pipeline. The collector well is used for chlorination of water and, at the same time delivers water to the pumps. Collector well is in poor state of maintenance and needs rehabilitation (see Figure 5.2.9.3.1.). The sources of underground water recharge are Kintrishi and Kinkisha Rivers. The view of the Kobuleti intake facility is given in Figure 5.2.9.3.1. Today two galleries and three boreholes are operating. Required water volume, taking into account standard value of per capita consumption, 0.5m3/day, when population is 21 thousand totals 116 l/sec. In summer, during the peak tourist season (which normally lasts two months July-August) when population reaches 80 thou, water consumption accounts 465 l/sec. Within the intake area pump station and chlorination unit are located. The pump station is equipped with 3 pumps (type 400/105), capacity 400 m3/hr. In conditions of the steady power supply the pumps are working in 24 hour regime: one pump - from 1am till 6am, two pumps the rest of the time. In case of the power cut the system fills up with air and, after the power is back, starting up requires 30 minute. Average daily flow delivered from the pump station varied from 19,000 m3 to 20,000 m3. The length of the watermain connecting the pump station with the town is 10 km.
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N W S $9 ____ .3/96 $7 New gallery $6 (New* _________ .3/22 ne /! l jo lj Tb $6!(Old) _________ .3/62 Old gallery .5/48 $5 ____ .3/79 $24 .6/39 P ump s at ion t .6/54 .7/16 $9b ____ .3/56 $: ____ .3/39 E $21
Kintrishi River
$22 $23 ____ .3/6: .5/18
$8 ____ .3/58
Operating wells Killed well Peripheric well of the gallery Collector well of the gallery
.5/77 Water level from the surface $4 ____ .3/88 $3 ____ .3/:5 .5/77 $25 ____ .5/2: $2 ____ .4/14
50
100m
Figure 5.2.9.3.1.
Scheme of the Kobuleti intake
Figure 5.2.9.3.1.
Emergency collector well
A distribution network was built in 1963. The pipes are buried at 1m depth. Total length of the distribution system is 55 km.
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Most of the valves of the distribution system are under the asphalt cover, which makes rehabilitation difficult. Damaged is the major part of the regulation wells. The wells are silted, valves out of operation and need replacement. Facilities at the intake and in the limits of the city (pump stations, administrative block) are damaged and require rehabilitation. The following rehabilitation works are to be carried out: roofing, plastering, painting, changing window and door, etc. The intake must be fenced, the access roads to the wells and lighting system repaired, boxes built at the wellheads. Technical status of the intake and other infrastructure is poor. This poses serious risk on the underground water quality. As no collector reservoir available the water delivers directly from the pump station. Low pressure in distribution system causes problems with water delivery to large part of the town, power cuts result in water cuts. According to the data of Kobuleti Tskalkanali Ltd. drinking water supply per capita makes 1,300 l/day, which exceeds international standard and points to significant loss. The water loss is related to emergency status of maintenance of the watermain and the distribution network and high wasting of water. Because of the poor state of the intake and the network the risk of drinking water pollution is high, accordingly high is the risk of waterborne diseases.
5.2.9.4. Status of sewage system in Kobuleti The waste water drainage system of Kobuleti can be characterised by operation of the following elements: collector network, main and side collectors, facilities along the system (observation wells, collector wells of the pump stations), pump stations and pressure collectors. Total length of collectors in the town is 30.6km, 17.6% (5.4km) of this require rehabilitation. Replaced must be reinforced concrete (0.7km) and asbestos (4.7km) collectors. In total, number of sewage wells in the town is 140, the wells are built of bricks, more than 60%, or 84 units, are to be replaced. Damaged and subject to replacement are street collectors. Some collectors are new, however they are not properly arranged and, because of a wrong sloping angle often block and cause flooding. According to the data provided by Tskalkanali, in average 3-4 accidents are caused by blockage of the system. Replaced must be 3-4 km of internal network (d=150-200mm). Majority of the waste water observation wells is damaged and out of operation, since the pump stations do not operate properly the sewage collectors are silted. At present #1 and #2 pump stations are operating irregularly, station #3 is idling for several years. When pump station #1 cuts off waste water discharges into the Shavtskala River, station #2 is connected to the stormwater drainage system. In the central part of the city sewage and waste water from majority of the households get into the stormwater collector. Emergency discharge is given in Figures 5.2.9.4.1. and 5.2.9.4.2.
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No sewage treatment facility is available. Waste water discharges into the surface water body and sea without any treatment, which causes significant deterioration of the surface water quality. Power supply of Kobuleti sewage pump station is provided by -250/10-751 transformer. Cables and control panel are damaged and need replacement.
Figure 5.2.9.4.1. Emergency discharge in the Shavstskala River
Figure 5.2.9.4.2. Emergency discharge into the drainage collector
5.2.9.5. Current status of Kobuleti stormwater collector Stormwater collector consists of three independent collectors. Collector of the central part of the town connects to the Achkhva River, waste water from the streets between Achkhva and Kintrishi discharges into the Kintrishi River, while the effluents from the north part of the town flow in the drainage canal east to the town. It should be mentioned that because of emergency status of the drainage system of Kobuleti, sewage gets into the stormwater collector, besides the part of the sewage system of the town is directly connected to the stormwater drainage system.
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Because of improper operation conditions major part of the waste water collector is out of operation. Stromwater collectors are damaged and blocked with sand, majority of the manholes are damaged and cannot protect collectors from blockage with silt. The pipes are filled up with solid drift and blocked. Stormwater collectors are not equipped with treatment facility, which causes pollution of the surface water. In case of abundant rainfall the Achkhva River floods sizable part of the town, including the pump station #1. This causes problems with operation of the sewage system.
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6. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT, ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

6.1. Activities and expected impacts
Activities Expected impact Rehabilitation works Arrangement of camps and preparation of the sections for combustion emission, inorganic dust; rehabilitation: noise and vibration; arrangement of access roads; damage of the local roads cover; arrangement of storage facilities and production base; solid and liquid waste (used accumulators, tires, oils); preparation of amenities; risk of fuel/oil spills; arrangement of temporary buildings and facilities; loss of the topsoil; fencing the building ground and sections; temporary loss of habitats; stripping the topsoil and its storage at the sites specially allocated temporary disturbance of wildlife; for this purposes; potential risk to safety of population. drainage of water (for the period of construction); arrangement of permanent and temporary internal roads; arrangement of temporary power supply; Rehabilitation of intake gallery and collector well: welding; arrangement of temporary roads; operation of temporary camp; operation of building and other special machinery; building and assembling works. Rehabilitation of the pump station and assembling of step up pump: construction and assembling works; welding; traffic, operation of building machinery, fuelling; arrangement of temporary roads; operation of temporary camp. combustion emissions, welding aerosols; noise; risk of fuel/oil spills; ground water pollution risk; hazardous waste generation. combustion emissions, dust, welding aerosols; noise; risk of fuel/oil spills; hazardous waste generation.
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Construction of water reservoir W_10,00 m3 construction and assembling works; welding; arrangement of temporary roads; operation of the temporary camp; operation of building machinery and other equipment. . Rehabilitation of watermain and distribution network in Kobuleti: earthworks; construction and assembling works, including welding; traffic, operation of building machinery and other equipment, including servicing/maintenance and fuelling; arrangement of temporary roads; testing of pipelines; operation of temporary camp (including the ground for servicing/maintenance of the building machinery)
Construction of the bank protection structure on the right bank of the Kintrishi River: earthworks; construction and assembling works, including welding; traffic, operation of building machinery and other equipment, including servicing/maintenance and fuelling; arrangement of temporary roads; temporal changes of the riverbed. Construction of sewage treatment facility and pump station #3: earthworks; construction and assembling works, including welding;
dust, combustion emissions, welding aerosols; noise; disturbance of traffic; damage of road cover; potential risk to the safety of population; risk of fuel/oil spills; generation of hazardous waste. dust, combustion emissions, welding aerosols; noise; disturbance of traffic; damage of road cover; potential risk to the safety of population; risk of fuel/oil spills; generation of hazardous waste; temporary loss of agricultural lands in watermain rehabilitation sections; permanent loss of plough lands to construction of aboveground facilities (fencing of the valves, permanent access roads, etc.). dust, combustion emissions, welding aerosols and noise; damage of road cover; potential risk to the safety of population; risk of fuel/oil spills; generation of hazardous waste; temporary disturbance of local fauna risk of the Kintrishi River water pollution.
dust, combustion emissions, welding aerosols; noise; disturbance of traffic;
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traffic, operation of building machinery and other equipment; arrangement of temporary roads; operation of temporary camp (including the ground for servicing/maintenance of the building machinery)
Rehabilitation of pump stations #1 and #2 in Kobuleti: earthworks; construction and assembling works, including welding; traffic, operation of building machinery and other equipment; arrangement of temporary roads; testing of collectors; operation of temporary camp (including the ground for servicing/maintenance of the building machinery) Rehabilitation of facilities/buildings: construction and assembling works; welding; traffic, operation of building machinery and other equipment, servicing/maintenance and fuelling; arrangement of asphalt cover. Rehabilitation of stormwater collector and arrangement of stormwater treatment facility: earthworks; construction and assembling; welding; traffic, operation of building machinery and other equipment; arrangement of temporary roads; operation of temporary camp. Waste generation: solid and liquid water generated during construction.
damage of road cover; potential risk to the safety of population; risk of fuel/oil spills; generation of hazardous waste; loss of fertile soil layer; temporary loss of habitats; temporary disturbance of the local wildlife. dust, combustion emissions, welding aerosols; noise; disturbance of traffic; damage of road cover; potential risk to the safety of population; risk of fuel/oil spills; risk of surface water pollution generation of hazardous waste. dust, combustion emissions, welding aerosols; noise; risk of fuel/oil spills; generation of hazardous waste..
dust, combustion emissions, welding aerosols; noise; ground water pollution; risk of fuel/oil spills; generation of hazardous waste.
possibility of surface or ground water pollution.
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Rehabilitation works and workplaces
Management of the staff involved in construction activities.
expectation and hopes on employment; probability of corruption when hiring the manpower; Probability of complains on work conditions; Improvement of economical standing. Probability of poor relations between the personnel and local population
Operation stage
Technical maintenance of water supply and waste water systems. dust, combustion emissions, welding aerosols; noise; risk of fuel/oil spills; potential risk to the safety of population steady 24 hour provision of population with quality drinking water; amelioration of sanitary and ecological status of Kobuleti and adjacent settlements.
Operation of water supply and waste water systems.
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6.2.
Impact during rehabilitation of water supply and waste water systems 6.2.1. Emissions
Assessment of atmospheric air pollution was done with consideration of the standard building machinery. Impact of earthworks was calculated for the following activities: arrangement of trenches, pipe welding, laying pipes, backfilling, etc. For these purposes variety of machinery/equipment and material resources, including welding electrodes will be used. Taking this into account the following sources of pollution has been identified: excavator, bulldozer, crane and tractor mounted welding aggregate. These mechanisms are fuel driven therefore their emissions are calculated with consideration of capacity [1], while for assessment of welding emissions was performed with consideration of material consumption based on the relevant standard requirements and reference data [2]. Below are given characteristics of the major aggregates and mechanisms, which define intensity of emission. The -22501 type welding apparatus will be used. Mechanical integrity of the unit is protected by metal frame. Capacity of the engine is 62 hp (45.6kW). Nominal hourly fuel consumption makes 5.1kg. Maximum consumption of electrodes is 1.5kg/hr. Duration of welding 2 hours per day. Total duration of welding works will presumably be 6 months, one shift operation regime and loading coefficient 0.75. In total this will make 180dayx2hrx0.75=270hr. Emissions were calculated using software [2], results given below. Printouts enclosed to the document (see Annex 3). Power supply for the welding unit will be provided by generator. Emission from generator is calculated as given in [6]. Printout of results is enclosed (see annex 4). Table 6.2.1.1. Code 0123 0143 0342 0344 2908 Maximum and summary emissions calculated for the welding unit Emitted substance Iron oxide Manganese and its oxides Gaseous fluorides Weakly soluble fluorides Inorganic dust (20-70% SiO2) Emission g/sec 0.0007276 0.0000682 0.0000997 0.0000918 0.0000918 Emission t/year 0.000707 0.000066 0.000097 0.000089 0.000089
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Table 6.2.1.2. Maximum and summary emission calculated for diesel unit Code 0301 0304 0328 0330 2732 0703 1325 0337 Emitted substance Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxide Soot Sulphur dioxide Hydrocarbons (kerosene fraction) Benzo(a)pyrene Formaldehyde Carbon dioxide Emission g/sec 0.1043734 0.0169607 0.0088667 0.0139333 0.0456000 0.000000165 0.0019000 0.0912000 Emission t/year 0.048160 0.007826 0.004200 0.006300 0.021000 0.000000077 0.000840 0.042000
Excavator tractor based bucket capacity 0.63 m3, digging depth 4.25 m, operation radius 5.3 m, duration of operation cycle - 30 sec, capacity of engine 50kW (68hp). Assessment of dust emission during excavation works Equations, initial data. Type: single-bucket excavator; Durability of excavated material: f = 2; Summary dust emission generated by single-bucket excavator is calculated as follows: M=Qexcx(3.6xEx Kexc/Tec)xTxNr x K1 x K2 x10-3 x N), t/year where, Qexc specific dust emission per 1m3 of materials, g/m3 (3.1); E - capacity of bucket, m3 (0.65); Kexc = 0.6 (for material density 2.7t/m3); Tec - excavator cycle duration, sec (30); K1 = 1.20 coefficient allowing for wind speed (2.1-5 m/sec); K2 =1.0 coefficient allowing for humidity of material (humidity 5.1-7.0%); T = 8 hr x 0.75 operation time per day; Nr = 180 working days per hour; N = 1 quantity of simultaneously operating machinery; with consideration of these values in the mentioned equation M=3.1x(3.6x0.6 x0.6/30)x6x180x1.2x1.0x10-3x1=0.188 t/year; Maximum one-shot emission from single-bucket excavator is calculated as: G=Qexc xEx KexcxK1 x K2 x N/Tec, g/sec which makes: G=3.1x0.65x0.6x1.2x1.0x1/30=0.048 g/sec Bulldozer works Equations, initial data. Type: bulldozer, capacity 100 kW; Durability of excavated material: f = 2; Summary dust emission generated by bulldozer is calculated as follows: M=Qbulx(3.6xGmxVxTxNrx10-3xK1xK2 xN)/(TbcxKp), t/year; where Qbul _ specific dust emission from 1t of handled material, g/t (0.66);
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Gm - durability of material, t/m3 (2.70); V - transition prism, m3 (2); Tbc - bulldozer cycle duration, sec (80); Kp 1.5 formation density (density 2.70 t/m3) ; K1 =1.2 wind velocity coefficient (2-5 m/sec); K2 =1.0 material humidity coefficient (5.1-7%); T = 8 hrx0.75 net operation time per day; Nr= 30 number of working days per year; N = 1 quantity of simultaneously operating machinery;
Putting these data into equation will give: M = 0.66x(3.6x2.7x2x6x180x10-3x1.2x1.0x1)/80x1.5=0.138 t/year; Maximum single dust emission from bulldozer is determined using equation: G=(Qbulx Gm xVxK1 xK2 xN)/(Tbcx Kp); using the value given above this will be: G = (0.66x2.7x2x1.2x1.0x1)/(80x1.5)=0.035 g/sec; Maximum single emission is calculated for 30 minutes interval when all possible regimes of operation are in place. This interval consists of the following periods: 1. unloaded traffic regime (bulldozers moves to the loading point, etc), is characterized by time tmov; 2. loaded traffic regime (excavator moves material in bucket, bulldozer is loaded and moves material,etc.), is characterized by time (tload.); 3. idling (engine is on, vehicle does not move, etc.), is characterized by time (tidling). Duration of the mentioned periods depends on specificity of works and type of machinery. As average the following values are taken [2]:
Intensity of work time, min tmov 15 tload 11 tidling 4
Single maximum emission from each discharged pollutant is calculated as given below: Gi = [(Mmovi x tmovi )+13(Mloadixtloadi)+(Midlix tidli)]/(30x60) g/sec. where: Mmovi and Midli - are specific emissions from vehicles for moving and idling regimes respectively [1] ; 1.3 Mloadi is specific emission in loaded regime, calculated with consideration of the fact that fuel consumption increases for higher loads. As capacity of the vehicles to be used is below 100 kW, below are given values of specific emission for 61-100 kW units (values given according to the [1]).
Category of the vehicle 4 Nominal capacity of the diesel engine kW 61100 Specific emission of pollutants from moving vehicles (g/min) Carbon dioxide 1.29 Hydrocarbons 0.43 Nitrogen oxides 2.47 Soot 0.27 Sulphur dioxide 0.19
Specific emission of pollutants in idling regime (g/min) 4 61100 2.40 0.30 0.48 0.06 0.097
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With consideration of the mentioned above the sources of emission were identified. Emissions were calculated based on the current norms and reference data. Emissions from operation of excavators, bulldozers, auto cranes, etc. were calculated based on methodology given in [1], inorganic dust emissions were estimated according to [3], emissions related to welding in line with [2,6]. Calculation of emission Gi = [(Mmovi xtmovi )+1.3( Mloadi xtloadi)+(Midlixtidli)]/(30x60) g/sec; G(co)=[(Mmov(co)xtmov(co))+1.3(Mload(co)xtload(co))+(Midl(co)xtidl.(co))]/(30x60)= =(1.29x15)+1.3(1.29x11)+(2.4 x 4)/ (30x60)=0.026 g/sec; G(CH)=[(Mmov(CH)xtmov(CH))+1.3(Mload(CH)xtload(CH))+(Midl(CH)xtidl(CH))]/(30x60)= =(0,43x15)+1.3(0.43x11)+(03x 4)/(30x60)=0.0076 g/sec; G(NOx)=[(Mmov(NOx)xtmov(NOx))+1.3(Mload(NOx)xtload(NOx))+(Midl(NOx)xtidl(NOx))]/(30x60)= =(2.47x15) +1.3(2.47x11)+(0.48x4)/(30x60)=0.041 g/sec; In compliance with instructions, with consideration of nitrogen oxide transformation coefficient, the volume of nitrogen dioxide and oxide is calculated with consideration of coefficients (NO2 = 0.8 ; NO = 0.13). : NO2 = 0.041 x 0.8 = 0.0328 g/sec; NO = 0.041 x 0.13 = 0.0053 g/sec G (soot.)= [(Mmov(soot)xtmov(soot))+1.3( Mload(soot)xtload(soot))+(Midl(soot.)xtidl(soot)))]/(30x60)= =(0.27x15)+1.3(0.27x11)+(0.06x4)/(30x60)=0.0045 g/sec; G(SO2.)=[(Mmmov(SO2)xtmov(SO2))+1.3(Mload(SO2)xtload(SO2))+(Midl(SO2)xtidl(SO2))]/(30x60)= =(0.19x15)+1.3(0.19x11)+(0.097x4)/(30x60)=0.0033 g/sec; Provisional work schedule is: duration of works is 6 months, one shift regime, load factor 0.75. (180dayx 8hrx0.75=1080hr). Table 6.2.1.3.
Code 337 330 328 301 304 2732 2902
Maximum and total emissions - excavator

Max emission, g/sec Total emission, t/year 0.0260 0.101 0.0033 0.012 0.0045 0.017 0.0328 0.127 0.0053 0.020 0.0076 0.029 0.0480 0.188
Emitted substance Carbon oxide (CO) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Soot (C) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen oxide (NO) Hydrocarbons (CH) Inorganic dust
In total in the process of works envisioned is operation of 1 excavator. This is considered in calculation of the summary emissions throughout the whole operation period (3600secx1080hr/106) =3.888.
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Table 6.2.1.4. Maximum ands summary calculated emissions - bulldozers

Code 337 330 328 301 304 2732 2902 Emitted substance Carbon oxide (CO) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Soot (C) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen oxide (NO) Hydrocarbons (CH) Inorganic dust Max emission, g/sec Total emission, t/year 0.0260 0.101 0.0033 0.012 0.0045 0.017 0.0328 0.127 0.0053 0.020 0.0076 0.029 0.035 0.138
In total, in the course of construction operation of 1 crane is expected, which means that throughout the whole period of works, summary emission will be (3600secx1080hr/ 106)=3.888. Table 6.2.1.5. Maximum ands summary calculated emissions - auto crane
Code
337 330 328 301 304 2732
Emitted substance Carbon oxide (CO) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Soot (C) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen oxide (NO) Hydrocarbons (CH)
Max emission, g/sec Total emission, t/year
0,0260 0,0033 0,0045 0,0328 0,0053 0,0076
0,101 0,012 0,017 0,127 0,020 0,029
In total, in the course of construction operation of 1 excavator. This is considered in calculation of the summary emissions throughout the whole operation period (3600secx 1080hr/106)=3.888. Summary of calculations is given in Table 6.2.1.6.
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Table 6.2.1.6.
Source # Code 0123 0143 0342 0344 2908 0301 0304 0328 0330 2732 0703 1325 0337 337 330 328 301 304 2732 2902 337 330 Bulldozer 328 301 304 2732 2902 337 330 Auto crane 328 301 304 2732
Summary of calculated data

Emission, g/sec 0.0007276 0.0000682 0.0000997 0.0000918 0.0000918 0.1043734 0.0169607 0.0088667 0.0139333 0.0456000 0.000000165 0.0019000 0.0912000 0.0260 0.0033 0.0045 0.0328 0.0053 0.0076 0.0480 0.0260 0.0033 0.0045 0.0328 0.0053 0.0076 0.035 0.0260 0.0033 0.0045 0.0328 0.0053 0.0076 Emission, t/year 0.000707 0.000066 0.000097 0.000089 0.000089 0.048160 0.007826 0.004200 0.006300 0.021000 0.000000077 0.000840 0.042000 0.101 0.012 0.017 0.127 0.020 0.029 0.188 0.101 0.012 0.017 0.127 0.020 0.029 0.138 0.101 0.012 0.017 0.127 0.020 0.029
Emitted pollutant Iron oxide Manganese and its oxides Gaseous fluorides Weakly soluble fluorides Inorganic dust (20-70% SiO2) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen oxide (NO) Soot Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Hydrocarbons (kerosene fraction) Benzo(a)pyrene Formaldehyde Nitrogen oxide (NO) Carbon oxide (CO) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Soot (C) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen oxide (NO) Hydrocarbons (CH) Inorganic dust Carbon oxide (CO) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Soot (C) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen oxide (NO) Hydrocarbons (CH) Inorganic dust Carbon oxide (CO) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Soot (C) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen oxide (NO) Hydrocarbons (CH)
Welding
Generator (welding unit)
Excavator
Based on these data, with consideration of simultaneous operation of all units the air quality modelling has been performed using the software Ecologi-3 [5]. Distribution (propagation) of hazardous emissions is shown in Figures below, calculation data enclosed (Annex 5).
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Control point Control point
Manganese - spatial distribution
Nitrogen oxide spatial distribution
Control point
Control point
Soot-spatial distribution
Sulphur dioxide spatial distribution
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Control point
Control point
Carbon oxide spatial distribution
Gaseous fluorides spatial distribution
Control point
Control point
Benzo(a)pyrene spatial distribution
Formaldehyde spatial distribution
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Control point
Control point
Hydrocarbons (petrol fraction) spatial distribution
Hydrocarbons (kerosene fraction) spatial distribution
Control point
Control point
Inorganic dust spatial distribution
Nitrogen dioxide spatial distribution
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Control point
Control point
Control point
Summary impact group (301+304+330) spatial distribution
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Analysis of different variants of emission Analysis of the variants for all expected emissions is given in Table (for detailed analysis see the printout). Table 6.2.1.7.
Version # Substance and code
Analysis of the versions of emission

Maximum concentration in the limits of the building ground (MPC portion) 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 Maximum concentration at the boundary of the nearest settlement (300m) (MPC portion) 0 0 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.07 0 Note
Hydrocarbons (kerosene fraction) Hydrocarbons (petrol fraction) Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxide Soot Sulphur dioxide Hydrogen sulphide Nitrogen oxide Benzo(a)pyrene Formaldehyde Inorganic dust Iron oxides Manganese and its compounds gaseous fluorides 330+342 330+304+301 337+2908
2732 2704 301 304 328 330 333 337 703 1325 2902 123 143 342 6039 6043 6046
As testified by the graphical representation of emission spreading/propagation model, concentration of neither of the mentioned pollutants at the boundaries of the nearest residential area will exceed relevant allowable limits. Taking into account the limited duration and the scope of works, with consideration of the fact that neither of the considered sources is stationary, preparation of the separate inventory of emissions is not advisable.
6.2.2. Noise Acoustic calculations for industrial and construction grounds is done in the following sequence : the sources of noise and their characteristics identified; control points selected at the boundary of the nearest sensitive recipient are; direction of noise propagation from the source to the control point defined, acoustic calculations performed for such elements of environment as natural screens/barriers, planting, etc.
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estimated is expected level of noise in the control point, the value compared with allowable limit; if required, noise minimization measures identified.
Summary noise levels from available sources is calculated as :
10 lg 100,1Lpi
i =1
where: Lpi is capacity of i source. Summation is done in octave zones as well as by value corrected by A filter ( L dba). Octave levels of the sound pressure in the control point is calculated as follows:
L = L p 15 lg r + 10 lg
a r
1000
10 lg ,
where, Lp octave level of the source capacity; direction factor for source of noise emission, non-dimensional, is defined empirically, varies from 1 to 8 depending on the spatial angle of noise emission; r distance from source to the control point; spatial angle of sound emission: = 4- in open space; = 2- on the surface of the area; = - dihedral angle; = /2 trihedral angle; attenuation (db/km) according to the Table.
Geometrical mean frequencies of the octave zones, Hz a db/km 63 0 125 0.3 250 1.1 500 2.8 1000 5.2 2000 9.6 4000 25 8000 83
Main source of noise in technological process is traffic. Noise characteristics of the vehicles/machinery vary from 85 to 96 dBA. (Summary level of noise in average makes 90.5 dBA)
10 lg 10 0,1Lpi = 10lg (100,1x90.5+100,1x90.5+100,1x90.5) = 95.2dba

i =1
The nearest residential area is in 300m. In compliance with the standard document [7] - sanitary norms on noise at workplaces, dwelling and public places and the built up area, permissible noise level in the area adjacent to the dwellings must be below 55dba and 45dba in the day and the night time respectively. Identification of the noise level La at the boundary of the dwelling area is calculated in compliance with the building norms and rules II-12-77M [7].
L = L p 15 lg r + 10 lg
ar
1000
10 lg = 53dba;
The calculation shows that the noise level does not exceed allowable limits. No noise will be generated at night (from 23 to 8) as according to the schedule the works will be performed in one shift.
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Based on the mentioned above conclusion can be made that no negative impact will be related to the planned activity.
6.2.3.
Impact on water
During rehabilitation works at the Kobuleti water supply and waste water systems expected is impact on the surface and the ground water. Pollution of the surface water may be related to: oil spilled from the storage area and during fuelling of the building machinery and vehicles; waste water polluted in the course of the earthworks; discharge of waste water from washing vehicles/machinery area; rehabilitation of the Kinkisha River crossing; rehabilitation of the stormwater and sewage collectors and the pump stations; arrangement of the bank protection structure on the righ bank of the Kintrishi River; improper management of construction waste. Ground water may be polluted during: rehabilitation of the intake gallery; rehabilitation of the old intake of Tsikhisdziri resort; rehabilitation of pump station at the intake and the collector reservoir; rehabilitation of the pump station and the collector well at the intake; rehabilitation of the water supply and the waste water mains; construction of the pump stations #3, #4 and the treatment facility. In case environmental management is performed and the planned mitigation measures put in place, the impact on water will not be high. 6.2.4. Impact on soil Pollution of soil in the course of the project activity may be due to: oil spilled from the storage area and while fuelling of the vehicles and the building machinery; damage of the productive top soil layer on the building ground and the storage area; improper management of domestic and construction waste (packaging materials, stones, sandstones, cement, concrete, wood, etc.). According to the legislation of Georgia after completion of works required is restitution of the damaged areas to their initial status. On demobilisation stage all measures must be taken to avoid degradation of the soil. The use of heavy machinery must be restricted to minimise additional compacting. Possibility of soil crumbling must be solved by ramming the slopes and arrangement of wooden shields.
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After completion of works the building ground and adjacent areas must be cleaned, residual soil and materials, sheds, equipment and temporary fences removed, the status of the ground and temporary access roads restituted. Recultivation measures include the following: quality, structure and integrity of soil must be preserved by stripping off the top layer, its temporary storage and reintroduction after completion of works; all facilities (roads, camp site, etc.) and machinery (trucks, building machinery, etc.) must be demobilized/removed, the area restituted; all damaged sections must be ameliorated which includes levelling the site, planting with vegetation, etc.; monitoring of bio restitution, once in every 3 months after planting and implementation of corrective actions must be performed. Strictly prohibited is: blocking the area with scrap metal, construction and other waste; spilling of any liquid waste, strewing or incineration of waste in the boundaries of ground.
6.2.5.
Impact on biological environment
6.2.5.1. Impact on flora Neither monitoring not analysis of available reference data revealed the presence of any significant floristic components in the area. Therefore, the area does not call forth any special measures in terms of protection of the plant species. Rehabilitation of the intake gallery will not damage flora. So will construction of a new reservoir as several years ago the area was used for construction of reservoir. Some works were carried out, but construction has been suspended. At the moment the area is completely stripped of vegetation. The scale of works envisioned during construction of the new reservoir is limited, as the foundation and the walls of abandoned reservoir (W-10,000 m3) will be used . Certain impact on flora is expected during construction of pump station and the pressure watermain connecting the pump station and the reservoir, and gravity main connecting reservoir with the town. About 26 trees and bushes will be cut, topsoil damaged. To reduce this impact productive soil layer will be stripped off and stored in the specially selected area for subsequent reintroduction. The site selected for construction of the pump station #3 used to be used by asphaltconcrete plant, therefore the vegetation is rather poor. As for the area allocated for construction of the treatment facility, 35 different tree and bush species will be cut, none of them of high importance in terms of protection. No vegetation is available on the site selected for construction of the pump station #4. Taking the mentioned above into consideration it can be concluded that in the course of rehabilitation of the Kobuleti water supply and waste water systems the following negative impact on flora is expected: cutting off about 55 trees and bushes in the boundaries of the building ground and the areas within which the rehabilitation works will be carried out;
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direct damage and ramming of vegetation by vehicles and building machinery; loss of soil because of developed erosion processes.
Keeping to the mitigation measures and planting of the sanitary protection zone area with greenery will eleviate expected negative effect on the flora.
6.2.5.2. Impact on fauna As mentioned in the section 5.2.5.2., visual observation had not revealed any important, valuable species in the project area, which may require special protection measures. Temporary negative impact will be observed during rehabilitation of the intake gallery, construction of the watermain, the treatment facility and the pump station #3. The impact will be due to noise and increase of antropogene stress on environment. The impact will be temporary and last for several months only. Negative impact on ichtyofauna will be observed during construction of the bank protection structure on the right bank of the Kintrishi River and during rehabilitation of the Kinrishi River crossing by watermain, in particular: arrangement of the bank protection structure on the right bank of the Kintrishoi River envisions, construction of 2.5m high and 80m long stone gabions. According to the project 0.5m high and 2 m will bedding of the gabions will be arranged within the levelled riverbed. Deepenig of the riverbed is not envisioned. With consideration of the mentioned above the volume of earthworks within the limits of the riverbed is limited. The works will be carried out in the dry riverbed section as the area allocated for construction of the gabions becomes covered with water only during the flood events. The works will be carried out in August-September, which minimizes negative impact on ichtyofauna. According to the project envisioned is replacement of the water conduits on the two aqueducts and construction of railings. Neither replacement of the support poles of the aqueduct, not other works in the active river bed are envisioned. Other works will not have impact on ichtyofauna. In total, expected negative effect on the aquatic life is not expected. Positive impact on ichtyopfauna is to be mentioned. This effect will be observed as a result of amelioration of sewage and stormwater collectors and construction of the treatment facility. 6.2.5.3. Impact on protected area Project for rehabilitation of the water supply and the waste water systems is not likely to have negative impact on the Kobuleti protected area. The nearest to the state reserve area where the waste water treatment facility will be built is in 2.1km to the north-west boundary. Taking this into consideration impact of noise on the fauna of protected area will be negligible.
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Positive effect of rehabilitation of the water supply and the waste water must be pointed out. The western boundary of the Kobuleti protected area is the Shavi Gele River, which because of emergency status of the waste water system is permanently polluted with sewage. Rehabilitation of the pump station and the treatment facility will exclude this possibility and favour amelioration of the quality of environment.
Impact on social environment 6.2.6.1. Health and safety Safety during rehabilitation of the water supply and the waste water system is regulated by relevant standards, construction norms and rules. In case the safety requirements are kept to no direct impact on health and safety is expected. In case of any violation of regulations (e.g. improper driving of vehicles and/or construction machinery) as well as in case of emergency irrespective to its origin severe indirect and secondary negative impact (traumatism, death) may occur, however, the risk of damage will be similar to that during any other activity implemented using the similar type of transport and construction machinery/facilities. Expected indirect (risk of traumatism) and secondary impact (e.g. deterioration of atmospheric air quality, noise) will be short term. Cumulative negative impact on health and safety means summary effect of direct/indirect and secondary impacts (not likely to happen) as well as a summary impact related to similar (use of transport and/or building equipment for other purposes) and/or different activities in both normal operation and emergency situations. The matrix showing impact of activity on health and safety is given in Table 6.2.6.1.1. Table 6.2.6.1.1.
Potential impact on health and safety during construction Likelihood/conditions Constan Temporary t Short term Medium term Not prospective Violation of regulations, emergency situation Other activity + + + +
6.2.6.
Character of possible impact Direct Indirect Secondary Cumulative
Long term
6.2.6.2. Possibility of impact on social conditions Any social impact related to rehabilitation and construction works will be short term and local. Impact may include: risk to community and negative impact on the local infrastructure. In the course of consideration of the possible impact on the social and economical conditions the following factors must be taken into account: possible demographic changes; possible employment.
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Because of the limited nature of the planned rehabilitation works significant impact on traditional life stile or local demographic situation is not expected, as in the course of works the local manpower will be used. Direct impact is not likely to be observed, as for indirect or secondary impact (new families) no prognosis can be made. Priority will be given to employment of the local residents, which can be considered as positive effect. Rehabilitation of watermain, distribution network, sewage and stoemwater collectors in the limits of the town will result in certain temporary disturbance of population such as: noise; emission and spreading of dust and combustion products; hindrance of traffic in the boundaries of the residential area. Keeping this in mind the works in the boundaries of the populated area must be carried out in parallel to minimize nuisance of population and duration of disturbance of the traffic flows.
6.2.6.3.
Land use during rehabilitation and construction
Majority of the rehabilitation and construction works scheduled under the project will be carried out on the state owned land (municipal property). The private land will be entered only in the course of rehabilitation works in the limits of the city. The pipeline crosses 5 plots of the private land plots. attached to the houses. During rehabilitation certain damage on productive soil layer will occur. It is to be mentioned that there are no buildings in the limits of the impact zone. Within the framework of the project there in no necessity of acquiring any private land in perpetual tenure. The private land will be temporarily used for the project needs, which means that the owners will lose the right to access and use their plots for farming and will not be able to gather in the harvest for 1-2 years. According to the Article 21 of the law of Georgia on Water, the normative document (sanitary norms and rules 2.1.4.000-00) on the zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and the drinking technical water pipelines the limits/boundaries of sanitary protection zones are set out, in particular: According to the Article 4, Chapter X of the law the width of the sanitary protection zone on the both sides of the water pipe must be: in case no ground water available not less than 10m, for the 1000mm pipes and not less than 20m, for the pipes with diameter higher than 1000mm; if the ground water is available not less than 50m, irrespective of the diameter of the pipe; reduction of the width of the sanitary protection zone in the limits of the built up area is possible if agreed with the state sanitary supervision service. ^
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At the moment the sanitary protection zone (alienation strip) of the Kobuleti watermain is conferred by the population and used for farming. Therefore compensation of the soil damage is to be envisioned.
6.2.6.4. Impact on employment and economical activity Rehabilitation works will have positive effect on community. Food for the employed will be supplied by the local community, which can be also considered as positive impact. 6.2.6.5. Impact on cultural heritage
According to the project the most of works will be performed in the limits of developed area where water supply and sewage systems are already in place. No historic-architectural and archaeological monuments were reported during the study. Exception are the plots selected for construction of the treatment facility and the pump station #3 located at the northern boundary of the town within so called Pichvnari area. Next to the area unearthed was the site of ancient settlement. Although the plot selected for construction of the treatment facility over the time of years was used for the asphalt-concrete plant, during construction permanent monitoring is necessary to reveal any archaeological monuments and provide adequate protection, if any. 6.2.6.6. Impact on the transport flows Temporary impact on the transport flows is expected only on the stage of construction works (around 2 years). It should be mentioned that rehabilitation/construction of some of facilities will be done in 6 months time. The major impact on the traffic flows is expected in those sections of the town where construction/rehabilitation is to take place and will be related to transportation of the building materials and pipes to the building ground. Certain nuisance will be hindered traffic in the limits of the town during earthworks. To minimise disturbance of population it is advisable to schedule implementation of the works in parallel: rehabilitation of water supply system, followed by rehabilitation of sewage and stormwater system rehabilitation works.
Impact of operation on the water supply and sewage system 6.3.1. Assessment of impact on the physical systems Negative impact on the physical systems on operation stage will be observed during maintenance of the system. Impacts related to repair/maintenance works will be: noise, dust and combustion emissions. The impact will be short-term and negligible.
6.3.
Impact on environment will also occur in case of an accident on the sewage and the storm water collectors.
6.3.2. Assessment of impact on biological systems No negative impact on biological environment in the course of operation of the system is expected.
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6.3.3. Assessment of impact on the social environment In the course of the routine maintenance of the water and the waste water systems temporary disturbance of population will be observed. The project will have significant positive social effect, in particular: provision of 24 hour steady water supply to population; improvement of the labour and the living conditions for women, i.e. positive gender effect; improvement of the sewage and the stormwater drainage and improvement of the sanitary and the ecological situation; suppression of untreated sewage and stormwater discharge into the surface water bodies, which is important for improvement of the coastal water quality in the Kobuleti resort; rehabilitation of Kobuleti water supply and waste water systems will ensure sustainable development of the resort infrastructure, which is important for social and economical development of the town and the region.
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7. POSSIBLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND EXPECTED RESULTS Based on the analysis of technological requirements given in the project for rehabilitation of the water and the waste water systems of Kobuleti considered were different options of emergency situations and developed relevant prevention measures. Prior to development of prevention measures assessment of the risk factors must be done. Objective of this was assessment of expediency of the project on the one hand, and provision of the basis for identification of the measures for avoidance or mitigation of negative impact on environment on the other hand.
Important is the fact that assessment of the risk depends on the complex of suggested mitigation measures. Impact on receptors in the last link in the cause-result chain the major components of which are: occurrence of hazardous situations (fire, risk of spills from transport and building machinery) related to the works envisioned according to the technological scheme; negative impact on the sensitive receptors (atmospheric air, soil, ground and surface water, habitats).
Characteristics of the negative impact are probability, degree/level and volume (probability of impact may be high, but impact value medium) of pollution. Respectively, the measures may be directed towards reduction of probability of a failure, i.e. reduction of probability of the impact. On the other hand, objective of the measures is reduction of the impact value. The best achievable result of introduced mitigation measures must be reduction of the impact to zero. In general it can be said that in order to avoid emergency situations kept to will be the standard technical safety requirements. Envisioned will be the general and the special requirements regarding the hazardous substances, the risk of explosion, biological, electrical safety and safety regarding the building machinery, safety measures during loading-unloading operations and during transportation.
Identification of the probability of possible emergency situations and assessment of expected results Emergency situation expected during rehabilitation activities: spill of petroleum products from reservoirs, transport and building machinery; fire and its propagation. On operation stage the probable emergency situations are as follows: damage of the watermain; damage of the high pressure chlorine cylinder at the chlorination station and leakage of the liquid chlorine; damage of the pressure waste water collectors; damage of the treatment facility or the pump station and emergency discharge.
7.1.
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According to requirements set out in provisions approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, in case any risk of spills and spreading of petroleum product exists, developed must be relevant emergency response plan. In the document the measures of the rapid and efficient response in case of emergency must be documented. During development of the plan it is necessary to provide ecological description of the building ground and to identify the sensitive ecosystems. The plan is to include recommendations of methods and means for handling the spills as well as the measures for avoidance of accidental fire. Important aspect is the planning and organisation of notification/communication system as well as identification of contact information forms. The plan must identify facilities for response: the ways for identification of the spilled volume, tools/facilities for localisation of the spilled product and its disposal, include aspects of handling and utilisation of polluted water, soil, etc. In development of emergency spill liquidation strategy envisioned must be relevant organisation and technical measures, including collection of the data on emergency response, record keeping, training and the safety measures in the course of liquidation of emergency spill. Ecological monitoring plan must envision measures for assessment and control of the impacts/damage on the recipient environment. In the course of rehabilitation activities emergency response plan will apply to the building ground, the spatial extend of the area to which emergency response measures apply increase in case of strong fire. The main resources, which may be affected by an accident (serious, irreversible damage), include terrestrial and the fresh water ecosystems (biological environment) as well as adjacent residential area and the transport infrastructure. In case of the damage to the underground watermain on the operation stage, the accident will result in local washing off the soil. This will not be a significant impact. With consideration of potential impact, in order to minimise probability of emergency situations, important is keeping to the rules of transportation, storage and the use of the liquid chlorine. With regards to the handling/use of the chlorine, considered must be recommendations on the safety of the staff involved in the handling of hazardous substances, approved by the order 84/n of 07.04.2003 of the Minister of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia. According to the project facility will special separate compartment for the chlorine cylinders will be arranged. The building will be equipped with ventilation system and other relevant protection means. The operators office will be separated from the main room with glass partition. The special staff (head of the intake facility) will be allocated for supervision/monitoring of the rules for transportation, storage and use of the liquid chlorine.
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7.2. Emergency notification/communication Important integral part of the response plan is: setting up notification/communication network: o notification of the state authorities, including the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources and its regional office; o notification of community; o informing the neighbour enterprises. development of the contact forms, which include: o assessment of the post emergency situation and initiation of the response measures; o identification of the response category; o mobilization of the response team; o location scheme of emergency (pollution) site; o quantitative assessment of possible pollution and identification of possible propagation; o assessment of the safety requirements related to the given type of emergency; o development of the strategy of response; o assessment of available resources and mobilisation; o management of the response measures; o identification of conditions for completion of liquidation works; o demobilisation of the response team; o checking the status of mobilised resources; o informing of relevant governmental institutions and stakeholders about completion of liquidation works. Documenting/recording o date, time and class of an accident (by possible/detected pollution); o name of the person reporting occurrence of the accident; o the status of pollution (e.g. spilled oil), its spreading and polluted area; o meteorological conditions (wind speed, direction, etc); o description by the type of pollution; o the source of pollution; o other observation data.
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8. MITIGATION/MINIMISATION MEASURES 8.1. Structure of protection measures construction and reconstruction works Environmental protection measures include: implementation of mitigation measures for reduction of the impact on environment at all stages of the technological processes during construction works; implementation of the impact mitigation and restitution measures during construction; implementation of the measures for recovery of vegetation .
Possible sources of negative impact on environment during construction and rehabilitation works Possible sources of the negative impact on the environment during construction and rehabilitation activities are: preparatory and construction-assembling works; operation of the vehicles, the special building machinery and other equipment/mechanisms, technical maintenances/servicing and fuelling.
8.1.1.
Conditions for implementation of construction and rehabilitation works Construction and rehabilitation works must be carried out together with environmental protection measures with consideration of the peculiarities of the landscape, the status of the nearest residential area and major components of the geoecosystem. Prior to commencement of the works Contractor must inform the builder regarding: available environmental protection requirements (during construction); rules and measured for ecologically safe implementation of the works. To achieve objective, the management of construction must include ecological monitoring service and nominate the person responsible for planning and supervision of the nature-conservative activities. The state ecological supervision is responsibility of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources. One on the major issues of environmental management plan is recultivation of the damaged soil. The latter is to be performed according to the following rules: stripping of productive soil layer and temporary storage in the specially selected location; reintroduction of the soil after completion of work, levelling; backfilling of the trenches manually or using bulldozers after arrangement of the watermain; uniform spreading of the soil within the boundaries of the recultivation strip; transportation of the top soil from the temporary storage, reintroduction and levelling. Prior to the clean up of the building ground the traffic routes and the timetable must be worked out and coordinated. Besides, developed must be the plan for the management of the waste generated during the clean up (the plan includes temporary storage of waste, transportation to landfill and final disposal aspects).
8.1.2.
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8.1.3. Mitigation measures during construction For minimisation of the negative impact on environment during construction considered must be: strict keeping to the traffic routes; fire fighting measures; strict keeping to the boundaries of the building ground (including the site temporarily allocated for construction); fulfilling requirements of ecological monitoring.
8.1.4. Mitigation measures impact on archaeological monuments Certain impact on archaeological monuments may occur during construction of the waste water treatment facility, the pump station #3 and the new sections of the pressure and the gravity conduits. To minimise disturbance of archaeological monuments in the course of this works the following measures must be put in place: prior to commencement of the works contractor, based on the reference data and the field survey, is responsible to identify the presence of any archaeological monuments. in case the presence of such monument revealed, the client and the contractor are obliged to ensure assessment for identification of the value of the monument. (For this purpose relevant regulatory agency can be invited), in case the monument considered important, the client and relevant regulatory agency will develop the strategy for rehabilitation of the recourse. This may include bypassing the site or excavation with the view of subsequent preparation of the report. client and constructor are obliged to control careful removal of the humus.
8.1.5. Identification of the monitoring parameters during construction With the view of provision of ecologically safe implementation of the works on preparatory and construction stages monitoring of the following factors must be performed: protection/keeping to the boundaries of the building ground; keeping to protection of communication zones; keeping to the routes and schedule of traffic; status of the temporary roads; implementation of the nature-conservative and sanitary requirements; air pollution level; keeping to the ecological requirements during the waste accumulation, temporary storage and utilisation; status of the landscape, the hydrologic and the soil-vegetative cover; efficiency of performed protective measures.
8.1.6. Monitoring methods In the course of the monitoring visual observation methods, with recording of any non-conformity/non-compliance, measuring the control parameters by means of the special instruments and processing/analysis of the results are used. Results of the
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monitoring on construction stage are used for revision of environmental monitoring plan (if required) and for recurrent ecological reporting to the stakeholders.
8.1.7. Ecological requirements temporary camp Operation of the temporary camp must be performed with consideration of the following nature-conservation measures: productive top soil from the camp area must be removed, temporarily stored until reintroduction during recultivation; industrial and household solid waste must be collected in containers, placed on the specially selected area. When full - removed to the utilisation site; drainage ditches must be arranged along the perimeter of the camp to collect the runoff for its subsequent separation; sewage must be collected in cesspool from where it will be removed using a cesspool emptier; fuel and lubricants must be stored in the special storage with ditch along the perimeter to prevent spreading of accidentally spilled petroleum products; bulk solids and chemically active materials (cement, lime, etc.) must be stored in the closed compartment in the special packaging with the permanent control to avoid possibility of chemical pollution of air, soil and ground water. to prevent pollution with fuel accidentally spilled while fuelling additional compacting of the soil using sand-gravel mixture must be provided in fuelling points. On recultivation stage this artificial layer will be removed and disposed off to the landfill.
Ecological requirements liquidation of the temporary camp On completion of works the temporary facilities will be removed, area recultivated. Activities include: dismantling of the temporary facilities; stripping off the soil layer polluted with fuel/lubricants (if available) and its disposal to the landfill (The service provided by licensed contractor under relevant agreement); collecting of construction and industrial waste and disposal to the landfill; reintroduction of previously removed top soil and its technical recultivation; biological recultivation (according to the project sowing grass and plants).
8.1.8.
Environmental protection measures by activity construction and rehabilitation works 8.1.9.1. Preparation (Mobilisation) From the view of ecology mobilisation is the most crucial stage. On this stage special attention must be paid to preparation of the temporary roads and the passages. Arrangement of efficient transport network, which means amelioration of the transport conditions, reduces negative impact on productive soil layer during construction. In the course of preparation of the building ground (local and linear) with consideration of the growth, the following nature-conservation measures must be considered: vegetation must be removed from some sections of the building ground;
8.1.9.
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productive top soil layer removed, temporarily stored and reintroduced during recultivation; the trees cut during the clearing operations will be used onsite, unusable transported to the temporarily storage area arranged in the alienation strip.
During mobilisation developed must be the plan to ensure technical serviceableness of machinery/mechanisms. The plan must also include permanent control of air emissions (combustion emission). Servicing, maintenance and fuelling of the vehicles and the building machinery will be done within the specially allocated area, in particular: Stationing, maintenance and fuelling of machinery and vehicles will be done on the premises of the car park of the Kobuleti Tskalkanali Ltd. In the boundaries of the mentioned area fuel tanks, maintenance boxes, storages of spares and other materials will be located. Under the project envisioned is rehabilitation of the car park, which is to be done prior to commencement of rehabilitation of the water supply and sewage systems; Building machinery and vehicles for rehabilitation of reservoirs, intakes and watermains will be stationed on the site of the car park, while during construction of the treatment facility and the pump station #3 heavy machinery/vehicles will be placed in the area allocated for the mentioned purposes within the treatment facility building ground. During construction of the pump station #4 and sewage collector on the left bank of the Kintrishi River heavy machinery/vehicles will be placed within the limits of the area allocated for construction of the pump station; For minimisation of possible impact on environment during arrangement of machinery/vehicle stationing points the following measures are to be put in place: o Soil protection - daily examination of vehicles and machinery. Immediate stoppage and maintenance in case any leakage detected; provision of secondary containment for fuel and material storage areas; o Pollution with contaminated waste water - arrangement of tight cesspool pit for sewage and domestic wastewater collection. The pit will be emptied using the cesspoolage truck (The mentioned service provided by licensed contractor under the special agreement); o Stromwater pollution arrangement of collector canals along the perimeter of the building ground to collect and deliver polluted water to sedimentation unit/canal; o Pollution of surface water with carwash arrangement of temporary compact treatment facility for washwater separation. 8.1.9.2. Welding and insulation works To avoid negative impact on the quality of atmospheric air, manual electric welding will be minimised. Fixation of the reinforced concrete constructions will be done using wire rope. On the sections were the metal pipes are being arranged (in case the pipes are provided insulated) insulation will be done using thermocontractable couplings or gaskets.
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Locations where connecting and welding is performed will be equipped with containers for the waste collection. After filled up the containers the waste will be transported to the landfill. 8.1.9.3. Dismantling of the pump station #3, recultivation of the site Dismantling of existing pump station #3 will include removal of the waste water and silt from the wet chamber, disinfection, dismantling of the buildings and disposal of the waste. It should be mentioned that there is no sewage treatment facility in the region, therefore several alternative versions for disposal of removed waste can be considered, including: neutralisation of the waste, sealing the wet chamber and recultivation of the site after dismantling of facility; 2. pumping the waste out, removal by cesspool truck and transportation to the floating facility. Dismantling of the buildings and recultivation of the area; 3. dismantling of the pump station #3 on the II stage of the project, which will enable to neutralise the waste on the new treatment facility arranged under the project. 1. From considered version the third is ecologically and economically advisable. Dismantling must be performed in the following sequence: separation of the sewage collector well and the pump stations; abstraction of the liquid waste and silt from the wet chamber of the pump station and transportation to the treatment facility; disinfection; dismantling of equipment/machinery and pipelines; dismantling of the building; collecting the waste and disposal to the landfill (the work will be done by licensed contractor under relevant agreement on waste disposal); recultivation of the area. Liquid waste and silt, as well as other waste generated in the course of dismantling activities belongs to the category of hazardous waste. Disposal, temporary storage and disposal of this waste must be done with consideration of requirements defined in environmental legislation of Georgia (hygiene requirements for organisation and exploitation of domestic waste landfill, Sanitary rules and norms 2.1.7.005-02), in particular: waste must be removed using cesspoolage trucks; removal of the silt accumulated in the wet chamber and watering must be provided using water stream, and disposed by the cesspoolage trucks; solid waste must be disposed in the special sealed container. At the landfill the waste must be placed in 2 m deep trench and covered will soil layer (for this purpose the landfill of Ureki resort will be used); prior to recultivation disinfection the area must be disinfected. 8.1.9.4. Testing of the pipeline After completion of construction of the new pipeline and the waste water collectors all pipelines and facilities must be tested. Testing is done by hydraulic method. The testing instruction must be developed in advance. The document must indicate characteristics of the water supply system,
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quality parameters of the surface water discharged into the surface water body and conditions of discharge. Envisioned is installation of the drainage valves both on the new and the repaired main. The water will discharge into the nearest surface water body. With consideration of the mentioned above, water discharge will be done a little at a time. With consideration of results of the water analysis neutralisation of the waste water or its treatment at the treatment facility will be performed. For each discharge permit of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources must be obtained. 8.1.9.5. Recultivation of the damaged soil After completion of construction and rehabilitation works, testing of the pipeline and dismantling of the temporary facilities/buildings technical and biological recultivation of the site must be performed, including: compacting the mineral soil; reintroduction of the topsoil and levelling; planting with greenery of the site subjected to recultivation. 8.1.9.6. Roads For mitigation of the damage of the soil by the wheeled and the track-type vehicles rehabilitation of the roads is envisioned. For alleviation of the impact related to construction of the permanent roads envisioned are the following measures: alienation strip (through optimisation of design) must be minimised to reduce the area for rehabilitation; the slopes of the road embankment must be stabilised by sowing grass to avoid its washing away; stripped fertile soil layer removed during arrangement of the roads must be used for strengthening and recultivation purposes after the roads are built. Waste management Taking into account specificity of activity, generation of waste is expected both on rehabilitation and exploitation stage.
8.2.
8.2.1. Waste during construction-rehabilitation works Volume of generated construction waste depends on the volume of works, the type and the quantity of used materials. Minimisation of construction waste will be possible with consideration of its classification. According to the project envisioned is rehabilitation/recovery of available infrastructure of the water supply and the waste water systems as well as construction of the new facilities (drinking water storage reservoir, waste water pumping station #3, waste water and storm water treatment facility, etc.). Below is given classification of expected construction waste: rejected and damaged articles and materials (blocks, bricks, etc.), cull, waste generated during assembling, etc.; scrap metal (ferrous, non-ferrous); waste wood; plastic waste (packaging and sealing materials);
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waste produced during dismantling of the buildings/constructions; liquid and solid waste generated during rehabilitation of the pump station and the sewage collectors.
Disposal of construction waste must be agreed with the Adjara Environmental Protection and Natural Resources authorities. Domestic waste will be temporarily stored in special containers onsite and finally disposed off to the Kobuleti landfill, under agreement with sanitation services of Kobuleti. Construction waste will be segregated and stored in the limits of the building ground. From there the inert waste will be disposed of to relevant landfill, as for the hazardous waste it will be neutralised and disposed according to accepted practice. Construction waste will be disposed off the site by the licenced contractor under relevant agreement. Hazardous waste produced during rehabilitation will be: sewage and silt accumulated in the wet chambers of the pump stations. solidified waste accumulated in the sewage collectors; sewage and silt accumulated in the wet chamber of the pump station #3; unfit constructions of waste water collector pipelines and observation well. Dismantling of the pump station #3 and recultivation of the site is expedient to be carried out after commissioning of the sewage treatment facility. This will enable to neutralize the sewage and the silt at the new treatment facility. 8.2.2. Waste operation of the water supply and the waste water systems On operation stage generation of waste will be minimum. Limited volume of domestic waste will be temporarily stored in the tight containers and disposed off to the Kobuleti landfill. For accumulation of sewage, impermeable cassepool will be used, sewage removal with cesspoolage truck and discharge into the waste water collector. Silt produced during operation of the treatment facility will be processed at the workshop arranged next to the treatment facility to produce organic fertilisers. Zones of sanitary protection of the water supply and the waste water facilities. 8.3.1. Sanitary protection zones for intakes and other facilities of the water delivery system Sanitary epidemiological requirements for organisation and exploitation of the sanitary protection zones for the sources and systems of drinking and technical water are defined in the normative document - sanitary norms and rules on the zones of sanitary protection of the sources and the systems of drinking-technical water supply (2.1.4.000-00).
8.3.
Sanitary protection zones are to be arranged around the surface and the underground water source based pipelines irrespective of their ownership. The major
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objective of the zone is protection of the source, the pipeline, related facilities and area from pollution. With consideration of the mentioned above, scientific research form Gamma has developed the project of sanitary protection zones for the intake and the pipeline. The project identifies the boundaries of the I, II and II belts of the sanitary protection and measures to be implemented in the limits of each of the belts. Identified are dimensions of the sanitary zones for the pipelines and other related facilities. Calculation of the boundaries of protected zones and information on the measures defined for each of the belts (zones of protection) are given in separate document project of the sanitary protection zones for Kobuleti underground water deposit delivering water to the town. 8.3.1.1. Sanitary protection zones water supply systems In compliance with requirements set under the point 10 of the sanitary rules and norms on the sanitary protection zones for the sources and the pipelines of drinking and technical water supply, the estimated dimensions of the SPZ are: storage reservoir for drinking water not less than 30 m; chlorine storage and pump station not les than 15 m; along the watermain not less than 50 m; 8.3.1.2. Sanitary protection zones waste water system The values of the SPZ for the sewage and industrial waste water treatment facility and other communications defined according to the Table #3, Chapter 18, Clause 76e, sanitary rules and norms sanitary protection zones for enterprises, facilities and other objects and sanitary classification (2.2.1./2.1.1.000-03) are: industrial waste water and sewage pump stations 20 m; industrial waste water and sewage biological treatment facility - 300 m; phytoremediation system - 300m; the point of discharge of purified/processed waste water - 300 m; stormwater treatment facility 100m.
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Short-term interruption (suspension) or maintenance of the water and the waste water communications In case of the temporary suspension or maintenance (permanent repairs or overhaul) operation service is obliged to develop the plan of suspension/maintenance works. The plan must include the safety requirements and must be coordinated with all stakeholders (juridical persons).
9. WAYS AND MEANS FOR RESTITUTION AFTER TERMINATION OF WORKS
9.1.
Long-term interruption (suspension) or conservation In case of the long-term interruption or conservation, operation service is obliged to establish the liquidation unit, which will be responsible for development of the longterm suspension or conservation plan. The plan must be agreed with authorised institutions. The major aspect of the plan is to be the safety requirements.
9.2.
9.3. Liquidation of the water supply and the waste water systems In case the liquidation of the water supply and the waste water systems or its separate units is planned, special project for restitution of the site must be worked out by the water and waste water system operator service. According to the rule, the project must be agreed with relevant authorities, information made accessible to all stakeholders (juridical persons). The project is to envision the rules and sequence of termination of technological processes, dismantling of the buildings and facilities, the rules and conditions of dismantling works, the safety and nature-conservation measures, neutralisation and disposal rules and conditions, recultivation works, etc. 10. RESIDUAL IMPACT According to assessment (EIA report) neither high, not medium scale residual impact on environment is expected. In compliance with internationally accepted methodology, low scale residual impact is not subject to consideration. 11. CUMULATIVE IMPACT Because of the low intensity of the works no cumulative impact is expected. 12. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION Constitution of Georgia (Article 37) defines the right of everyone to live in healthy environment and enjoy natural and cultural surroundings and, at the same time, obliges to care for natural and cultural environment. Everyone has the right to the right to receive complete, objective and timely information as to a state of his/her working and living environment. Everyone has right to receive complete, unbiased and timely information regarding the status of environment at the workplace and the dwelling area. In line with the mentioned above, to avoid possibility of any conflicts, to establish links between the stakeholders and to receive relevant feedback, in the course of the EIA process executive summary of the project has been made accessible for community.
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Information about the meeting was published in the central (24 saati, #32, 15.02.2007) and the local (Adjara, #25, 15.02.2007) newspapers. The meeting is scheduled for 14:00, Tuesday, April 3, 2007 and will be held in Kobuleti region municipality. The comments and recommendation received in the course of the public consideration will be used for development of the final version of the report for its submission to the state ecological examination. On January 31, 2007, the advisory meeting was held in Municipal Development Fund (MDF). Considered were environmental and social aspects of the project for rehabilitation of Kobuleti water supply and waste water systems within the framework of the regional infrastructure development project of the Millennium Challenge. Environmental impact assessment aspects were presented by SRF Gamma representative, answers to the questions raised - given. The EIA report will be made available (hard copy, digital version) at: Municipal Development Fund 7b Yetim Gurji St., Tbilisi Kobuleti Tskalkanali office 50 Kaikatsishvili st, Kobuleti Scientific-research form Gamma 9a Merab Alexidze, Tbilisi
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13. ENVIRONEMNTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 13.1 Environmental management plan 13.1.1. Construction stage As reported in the previous section of the EIA report, activities planned under the project for rehabilitation of Kobuleti water supply and waste water systems will have certain effect on the project area. The project envisions rehabilitation of the intake facilities, rehabilitation of the water supply system and rehabilitation of the waste and the storm water systems.
Objective of environmental management plan is to ensure implementation of the project activity (rehabilitation, operation) with consideration of the natureconservation requirements and to minimise the negative impact on environment through proper management and strict monitoring of operations at rehabilitation and operation stages. The EIA report defined and described expected impact related to rehabilitation and operation of facilities under consideration, evaluated were qualitative and quantitative aspects of identified impacts. Based on detailed evaluation of the project conclusion was made that the main impacts will be related to the storage reservoir, the pump station, the treatment facility (sewage and stormwater) and the new sections of the pipelines. Activities planned for the first stage will include: mobilisation of the building machinery, preparation of the building ground, stationing machinery and materials on the site, arrangement of camp, etc. At this stage contractor (construction company) is obliged to implement environmental management plan. 13.1.1.1. Environmental management mobilisation and preparation of the building ground Preparation of the ground must be done in line with the nature-conservation requirements. Environmental service of constructor (or special environmental service) must ensure environmentally safe implementation of the works. Special attention is to be paid to preparation of the ground for the intake facility. At this stage expected is certain damage on vegetation and impact on the landscape. Environmental management must ensure minimisation of pollution/damage, enable to avoid excessive damage to flora, organised must be collection of waste and its disposal to relevant landfill. During the earthworks, productive layer must be stored in specially selected area and used for subsequent recultivation of the site. For the camp ensured must be collection of domestic, sewage and other waste and their utilisation. Building machinery must be regularly checked to avoid pollution of soil, surface and ground water will petroleum products. The parking lots for vehicles and building machinery and fuel storage sites must be adequately arranged. 13.1.1.2. Environmental management construction and rehabilitation works Impact on environment at this stage relates to operation of machinery and the schedule of works. Along with that, on this stage expected is generation of a certain
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volume /amount of waste, the waste management aspects to be considered in the management plan. Implementation of each of described activities must be supervised by the representative of environmental service. In case violation/non-compliance observed the supervisor is obliged to trigger relevant remediation measures. It must be considered that the new pump station and the treatment facility will be built on undeveloped site, therefore environmental management service must ensure that the impact minimisation measures are adequately planned. At this stage environmental management and monitoring of the campsite and machinery continues.
systemsoperation stage The EIA report describes possible impacts and their recipients, defined volume/extend of the impact and relevant mitigation. Objective of environmental management service of Kobuleti water supply and wastewater utilities is to minimise possible impact related to operation of facilities. It should be mentioned that impact on environment on operation stage is rather low, no sources of noise or emission are available. At this stage environmental management is mainly to concentrate on the chlorination unit, the treatment facilities and the pump stations, which might be of concern. The management plan must consider personnel safety as well as focus on avoidance of pollution in case of emergency. Mentioned should be the fact, that the staff of the intake and the treatment facility will be limited, the volume of generated sewage/waste water will not be high and can be easily managed (collected). Low will be the volume of solid waste disposed off to the Kobuleti landfill together with other domestic waste. More important is prediction of emergency situations and minimisation of impact in case any accident occurs. These issues are dealt with in environmental monitoring section of the given report. Environmental management service is to ensure implementation of the maintenance/rehabilitation works in line with environmental protection requirements. Environmental monitoring plan Environmental monitoring plan for the project is to provide: confirmation of correspondence of the planned activities (rehabilitation of Kobuleti water supply and waste water systems and their operation) with environmental legislation; ensuring controllability of the risks and ecological impacts; provision of the stakeholders with nature-conservation information; identification of efficiency of mitigation measures and their revision if required;
13.1.2. Environmental management waster supply and waste water
13.2.
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permanent environmental control throughout rehabilitation and operation stages; preparation of the basis for cooperation of regional environmental protection management structures and Kutaisi Tskalkanali.
13.2.1. Monitoring rehabilitation works Expected impact of the planned rehabilitation on environment is described in the EIA report. The monitoring plan is based on the types of considered impact and is to quantify changes in environment in the course of the planned activity. Environmental monitoring on rehabilitation is to include: visual monitoring of the building ground and the site in order to: detect and report any trace of pollution within the work area; implement mitigation of impact in the course of works; monitor works along the pipeline; assess efficiency of the landscape restoration and recultivation; monitor accumulation and management of the solid waste and the waste water; monitor safety of the staff; inspect technical facilities and vehicles/machinery; monitoring of fuel/lubricant infrastructure and the fuelling spots. Five standard forms will be developed. Depending on the schedule of works relevant forms will be used/filled in. The forms will include the layout schemes with indication of the problems revealed through the audit and relevant mitigation activities.
13.2.2. Instrumental monitoring During the study of possible impact on environment identified were the major two parameters for monitoring - dust and noise.
Within the limits of the monitoring, the dust monitoring points will be identified. The mentioned periodic observation will enable to evaluate pollution level and, in case necessary, by decision of the environmental protection service, revise the schedule of works. Standard methods for identification of inorganic dust in the atmospheric air will be used. Noise monitoring will be done with the same frequency in case the works are carried out closed to the boundaries of the residential area. At most 3 points at the boundaries of the built up area and close to it will be selected. Standard methods for noise control applied. Monitoring of the Achkhva, Kintrishi and Ochkhamuri River quality. In the course of construction works monitoring of the river water quality will be performed. Major characteristics such as acidity, conductivity, hardness, turbidity, odour, as well as concentration of the major ions and content of petroleum hydrocarbons will be controlled. Three samples per each monitoring session: upstream (reference sample), downstream, close to the building ground (downstream) will be collected and analysed.
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Monitoring of flora and fauna. Monitoring of flora and fauna will be performed during construction. Rehabilitation of the pipeline is not advisable, as the works will be performed within the limits of the build up area along the road and will be local. As for the new reservoir, the pump stations #3, #4, the new sewage collector and sewage/stormwater treatment facility, the drinking water treatment section and the new pipeline two field surveys to estimate the degree of impact and, in case required, identify additional mitigation measures will be carried out. The monitored area will include areas adjacent to the building grounds and the pipeline corridors Similar observation will be done to monitor impact on fauna. Studied will be the indicator species. Results of the survey will be included in the summary environmental monitoring report of construction. Monitoring will reveal presence of any negative trends with regards to habitats and fauna populations in Kobuleti and its environs. Special attention will be paid to planning and implementation of impact minimisation measures for the Kobuleti protected area. Monitoring after completion of construction/rehabilitation works will enable to detect natural amelioration/recovery and identify the impact, which does not require putting in place special restitution or compensation measures. 13.2.3. Environmental monitoring operation stage Environmental monitoring on operation stage will be limited to the monitoring of emergency situations when, in case of any damage to the pipeline erosion processes may develop. In case of an accident on the wastewater pressure collectors, the pump stations and the treatment facilities significant pollution of the surface water is expected. On operation stage no activities capable to have negative impact on environment will be performed. Monitoring of the drinking water quantity and quality is envisioned by operation manual, no additional environmental monitoring in this direction is planned. In emergency situations intensive environmental monitoring will be carried out, which will include the post-emergency and the rehabilitation periods. Results of the postemergency monitoring, in the framework of emergency response measures, will be sent to relevant authorities.
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14. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions Implementation of the project will improve water supply of Kobuleti by providing adequate quantity of high quality drinking water to population: o water will be tapped from the intake gallery and deliver to collector well by gravity from where it will be pumped to the storage reservoir; o water will be delivered to the system from the storage reservoir. This will ensure stable pressure in the system and 24 hour steady supply of quality water to the customers; o step up pump stations arranged in the limits of the town will guarantee water supply to the high dwelling blocks and the north part of the town; o arrangement of the gravity system and installation of energy efficient pumps will ensure reduction of power consumption and reduce the cost price of the water; o steady drinking water supply and constant pressure in the water delivery system will reduce possibility of drinking water pollution and risk of the waterborne diseases; o important is the positive gender effect achieved by rehabilitation of the water supply system as improved access to the water will ameliorate living and work conditions of women in Kobuleti. Rehabilitation of the sewage system and the stormwater collector will ensure complete drainage of the waste and the storm water and improve the sanitary status of the town; After rehabilitation of the pump station and arrangement of the treatment facility avoided will be discharge of untreated water into the surface water which is to favour improvement of the sea water quality in the coastal area of the resort; Significant will be possible impact of the stormwater collector rehabilitation and arrangement of the stormwater treatment facility. The positive effect will be related to improvement of the sanitary status of environment and reduction of the surface water pollution; Water supply and waste water system rehabilitation project will have significant positive effect. Positive will be impact on the Kobuleti reserve due to reduction of pollution of water bodies; Implementation of the waste and the waste water rehabilitation in Kobuleti ensures sustainable development of the resort infrastructure, which has significant role in the social and economical development of the town and the region; Social-economical, gender effect and impact on health will be positive; Deterioration of air, surface and underground water quality, soil pollution during rehabilitation will not be significant in case environmental management plan is implemented; Expected negative impact on fauna, disturbance of species because of the antropogene load and noise will be temporary; During rehabilitation and construction works productive soil layer and vegetation will be damaged. 55 trees and bushes will be cut on the building ground (neither of the cut species require special protection and compensation measures). With consideration of the planned protective measures (removal, storage and reintroduction of productive top soil layer,
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recultivation of damaged areas and vegetation) impact on flora will not be significant. Recommendations to minimize the risk of ground water pollution arrangement of the intake collector well is expedient to be provided with discharge construction; in construction of the new drinking water collector reservoir construction of unfinished structure of the old reservoir (foundation and walls) must be used, to reduce extend of an impact on environment; rehabilitation of the water supply and the waste water collector must be done in parallel and in continuous regime to minimize disturbance of population and traffic; to ensure normal operation of the waste water and the sewage collectors it is necessary to widen-regulate the Achkhva riverbed and amelioration of the river delta; dismantling of the pump station #3, recultivation is expedient to be done on the third stage of the project, after commissioning of the treatment facility to enable neutralization of the hazardous waste.
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15. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ), 1998. () ( ). , , 1997 . () ( ): , 1999. sawarmoebis, nagebobebisa da sxva obieqtebis sanitaruli dacvis zonebi da sanitaruli klasifikacia. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi. sanwdan 2.2.1./2.1.1.000-03. , 3.00 "", 01-01-2568, - "". a . 2001. saqarTvelos kanoni "garemos dacvis Sesaxeb". saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi. asociacia "samarTlebrivi sazogadoeba", Tbilisi, 2000. saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb Tbilisi 2005 w; saqarTvelos kanoni "garemos dacviTi nebarTvis Sesaxeb". saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi. asociacia "samarTlebrivi sazogadoeba", Tbilisi, 2000. saqarTvelos kanoni "saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb". saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi. asociacia "samarTlebrivi sazogadoeba", Tbilisi, 2000. saqarTvelos kanoni "atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb". saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi. asociacia "samarTlebrivi sazogadoeba", Tbilisi, 2000. saqarTvelos kanoni "wylis Sesaxeb". saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi. asociacia "samarTlebrivi sazogadoeba", Tbilisi, 2000. sawarmoebis, nagebobebisa da sxva obieqtebis sanitariuli dacvis zonebi da sanitaruli klasifikacia. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi (sanwdan 2.2.1./2.1.1. 000-03). atmosferul haerSi damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa zRvrulad dasaSvebi gafrqvevis normebis gaangariSebis meTodika. saqarTvelos bunebrivi resursebisa da garemos dacvis saministro, Tbilisi, 1999. klimatis cnobari haeri, niadagi, temperatura. me-14 gamoSveba, hidrometgami. klimatis cnobari qari. me-14 gamoSveba, hidrometgami. snw II-7-81*. mSenebloba seismur raionebSi. snw 2.01.02-85*. xanZarsawinaaRmdego normebi. sanitariuli wesebi da normebi _ ~higienuri moTxovnebi sasmeli wyalmomaragebis centralizebuli sistemebis wylis xarisxisadmi. xarisxis kontroli~ (sanwdan 2.1.4. 000 _ 00). sanitariuli wesebi da normebi _ ~higienuri moTxovnebi aracentralizebuli wyalmomaragebis wylis xarisxisadmi. wyaroebis sanitariuli dacva~ (sanwdan 2.1.4. 000 _ 00).
5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
10.
11.
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14.
15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
20.
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21. sanitariuli wesebi da normebi _ ~wyalmomaragebis wyaroebisa da sasmel-sameurneo daniSnulebis wyalsadenebis sanitariuli dacvis zonebi~ (sanwdan 2.1.4. 000 _ 00). 22. sanitariuli wesebi da normebi _ ~zedapiruli wylebisGgabinZurebisagan dacvis Sesaxeb~ (sanwdan 2.1.5. 000 _ 00). 23. meToduri miTiTeba _ ~wyalmomaragebis sistemebSi gamoyenebuli masalebis, reagentebis, mowyobilobebisa da teqnologiebis higienuri Sefasebis Sesaxeb~ (mm mm 2.1.4. 007-04). 24. gosti 17.1.3.03_77 centralizebuli sasmel _ sameurneo wyalmomaragebis wyaroebi. SerCevis wesebi da higienuri da teqnikuri moTxovnebi~. 25. debuleba garemoSi mavne nivTierebaTa emisiisa da mikroorganizmebiT garemos dabinZurebis zRvrulad dasaSvebi normebis Sesaxeb, 1997 weli. 26. debulebiT mavne nivTierebis wliuri gafrqvevis zRvruli mniSvnelobisa da mavne nivTierebis wliuri gafrqvevis droebiT SeTanxmebuli mniSvnelobis gaangariSebis meTodisa da limitis Sevsebis wesis Sesaxeb, 2000 weli. 27. debulebiT dabinZurebis stacionaruli obieqtebis identifikaciisa da inventarizaciis wesis Sesaxeb, 2001 weli. 28. instruqciiT "araxelsayrel meteorologiur pirobebSi atmosferuli haeris dacvis wesebis Sesaxeb", 2002 weli. 29. instruqciiT avariis Sedegad atmosferul haerSi mavne nivTierebaTa avariuli gafrqvevis SemTxvevaSi atmosferuli haeris dacvis wesebis Sesaxeb, 2002 weli. 30. xmauri samuSao adgilebze, sacxovrebeli, sazogadoebrivi Senobebis saTavsoebSi da sacxovrebeli ganaSenianebis teritoriaze, 2001 w. 31. higienuri normativebiT dasaxlebuli adgilebis atmosferuli haeris damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciebi (zdk)~ h.n. 2.1.6. 002 _ 01, 2003 weli. 32. dasaxlebuli adgilebis wyalmomaragebisa da wyalgamwvani sistemebis teqnikuri eqsploataciis wesebi, Tbilisi 2000 w. 33. meToduri miTiTebebi ~dasaxlebuli adgilebis niadagebis mdgomareobis higienuri Sefasebis Sesaxeb~ (mm 2.1.7.003-02). 34. meToduri miTiTebebi ~niadagebis qimiuri nivTierebebiT dabinZurebiT dabinZurebis saSiSroebis xarisxis Sefasebis Sesaxeb~ (mm 2.1.7.003_03).
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16. ANNEX
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danarTi #1: emisis gaangariSebis Sedegebi "-" 2.3.3.41. ; N 66 16.02.1999 : qobuleTi 1 : way 1.1 : 1 1.1.1 () () , , / (Gk) 3 . 3 . : : : : , : , : , : : : : : ():
Y Z (. ) -500 1600 8,0 -575 500 1102,55 . . , / . (rv) 55 55 60 0,3 45 45 60 0,3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 60 0,3 0 0 0 0 , / , / 0337 0,08250749 2,60195626 0,12373061 3,90196855 0304 0,01608498 0,50725591 0301 0,09898449 3,12157484 2704 0,01111738 0,35059767 2732 0,01309278 0,41289395 0410 0 0 0328 0,00179164 0,05650128 0330 0,00219407 0,06919233 0184 0 0 1325 0,00013047 0,00411445 0703 0,00000001 0,00000027
: Ml = (L-L0)/3600 * Sum(M*Gk*rv), L0 - , ; 0, ; M - ; : rv=1 80 / : M = T*P/40 * Sum(M/60 * Gk), M - , /; 60 / / : Sum - : / / / 31.536 "-" 2.3.3.41 ; N 66 16.02.1999 : qobuleTi 1 : way 1.2 : 2 1.2.1 () () ,
X -575 0 761,99
Y 500 0
Z (. ) 10
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, / (Gk) 3 . 3 . : : : : , : , : , : : : : : ():
. . , / . (rv) 55 55 60 0,3 45 45 60 0,3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 60 0,3 0 0 0 0 , / , / 0337 0,05702225 1,79825373 0,08551221 2,69671309 0304 0,01111659 0,3505727 0301 0,06840977 2,15737047 2704 0,0076834 0,24230368 2732 0,00904863 0,28535764 0410 0 0 0328 0,00123823 0,03904894 0330 0,00151636 0,04781993 0184 0 0 1325 0,00009017 0,00284356 0703 0,00000001 0,00000018
: Ml = (L-L0)/3600 * Sum(M*Gk*rv), L0 - , ; 0, ; M - ; : rv=1 80 / : M = T*P/40 * Sum(M/60 * Gk), M - , /; 60 / / : Sum - : / / / 31.536
danarTi #2: gabnevis gaangariSebis programuli amonabeWdi , 3.00 Copyright 1990-2005 "" 01-01-2568, - "" 13; wyalsadeni QOBULETI Gamma Ltd : 1, foni : foni orive monakveTidan : "-86 " : E1= 0,01, E2=0,01, E3=0,01, S=999999,99 .. , A ( 5%) (, ) () 26,9 C 2,8 C 200 8 /
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: "%" - ; "+" - ; "-" - . . : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - , ; 5 - ; 6 - , ; 7 - ; 8 - . . . . . . . X1- . Y1- . X2- . Y2- . () () (/) (C) . . () . () . () . () . . (./) () + 0 0 1 gza1 1 3 2,0 0,00 0 0 0 1,0 -500,0 1600,0 -575,0 500,0 8,00 - , (/) , (/) F : Cm/ Xm Um : Cm/ Xm Um 0304 (II) ( ) 0,0160000 0,0000000 1 1,429 11,4 0,5 1,429 11,4 0,5 0328 () 0,0017900 0,0000000 1 0,426 11,4 0,5 0,426 11,4 0,5 0330 0,0021900 0,0000000 1 0,156 11,4 0,5 0,156 11,4 0,5 0337 0,0820000 0,0000000 1 0,586 11,4 0,5 0,586 11,4 0,5 0703 // (3,4-) 1,000000e-8 0,0000000 1 0,036 11,4 0,5 0,036 11,4 0,5 1325 0,0001300 0,0000000 1 0,133 11,4 0,5 0,133 11,4 0,5 2704 0,0110000 0,0000000 1 0,079 11,4 0,5 0,079 11,4 0,5 2732 0,0130000 0,0000000 1 0,387 11,4 0,5 0,387 11,4 0,5 3301 azotis dioqsidi 0,0990000 0,0000000 1 17,680 11,4 0,5 17,680 11,4 0,5 + 0 0 2 gza2 1 3 2,0 0,00 0 0 0 1,0 -575,0 500,0 0,0 0,0 10,00 - , (/) , (/) F : Cm/ Xm Um : Cm/ Xm Um 0304 (II) ( ) 0,0160000 0,0000000 1 1,429 11,4 0,5 1,429 11,4 0,5 0328 () 0,0012300 0,0000000 1 0,293 11,4 0,5 0,293 11,4 0,5 . . . 0330 0337 0703 // (3,4-) 1325 2704 2732 3301 azotis dioqsidi . . () () 0,0015100 0,0570000 1,000000e-8 0,0000900 0,0076000 0,0090000 0,0680000 0,0000000 0,0000000 0,0000000 0,0000000 0,0000000 0,0000000 0,0000000 . . . X1- . Y1- . X2- . Y2- (/) (C) . . () . () . () . () . (./) () 1 0,108 11,4 0,5 0,108 11,4 0,5 1 0,407 11,4 0,5 0,407 11,4 0,5 1 0,036 11,4 0,5 0,036 11,4 0,5 1 0,092 11,4 0,5 0,092 11,4 0,5 1 0,054 11,4 0,5 0,054 11,4 0,5 1 0,268 11,4 0,5 0,268 11,4 0,5 1 12,144 11,4 0,5 12,144 11,4 0,5
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: 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - , ; , - ( 5 - ), ; 6 - , ; 7 - ; 8 - . : 3301 azotis dioqsidi F . . (/) Cm/ Xm Um (/) Cm/ Xm Um (/) 0 0 1 3 + 0,0990000 1 17,6797 11,40 0,5000 17,6797 11,40 0,5000 0 0 2 3 + 0,0680000 1 12,1436 11,40 0,5000 12,1436 11,40 0,5000 : 0,1670000 29,8233 29,8233 : : "%" - ; 1 - ; "+" - ; 2 - ; "-" - . 3 - ; . 4 - , ; , - ( 5 - ), ; 6 - , ; 7 - ; 8 - . : 6303 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 : . - 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 + + + + + + 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 (/) 0,0990000 0,0990000 0,0990000 0,0680000 0,0680000 0,0680000 0,5010000 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 17,6797 17,6797 17,6797 12,1436 12,1436 12,1436 89,4699 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 Cm/ 17,6797 17,6797 17,6797 12,1436 12,1436 12,1436 89,4699 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 : "%" - ; "+" - ; "-" - . .
( ) / / / / / * 10 / / / . 0,4 0,15 0,5 5 0,000001 0,035 5 1,2 0,2 . . 0,4 0,15 0,5 5 0,00001 0,035 5 1,2 0,2 . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . .
0304 (II) ( ) 0328 () 0330 0337 0703 // (3,4-) 1325 2704 2732 3301 azotis dioqsidi 6303 sum(3) 304 330 3301
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- 0 360 1 2- () 1- () X Y X Y -1000 500 1000 500 , () , () , ()
2500
X 250
Y 250
( ) : 3301 azotis dioqsidi : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y -1000 500 1000 500 , () , () , ()
X 2500 250
Y 250
X() -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 Y() -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 . (. ) 0,05 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,07 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,09 0,11 0,13 0,15 0,12 0,12 0,11 0,10 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,11 0,19 0,25 0,22 0,28 0,41 0,70 0,24 . 26 27 34 37 43 97 118 131 139 143 147 16 17 17 18 24 107 139 146 152 155 157 6 5 3 1 357 162 334 333 205 192 182 . 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 8,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,71 8,00 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
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-250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
-750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750
0,06 0,08 0,10 0,15 0,39 0,08 0,07 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,06 0,09 0,13 0,80 0,09 0,06 0,05 0,05 0,06 0,06 0,07 0,06 0,08 0,11 0,10 0,07 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,07 0,06 0,05 0,05 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,03 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03
356 354 350 344 287 181 319 230 219 212 208 344 341 336 312 276 254 301 244 231 224 220 334 327 314 294 273 257 247 250 241 237 229 324 317 305 290 277 263 255 255 253 245 235 317 309 299 287 275 264 257 259 255 248 240 311 304 295 285 275 266 259 255 253 248 243
0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 1,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 1,00 0,71 8,00 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 1,00 1,00 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,71 1,00 1,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 1,41 1,00 1,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 1,00
0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
: 6303 sum(3) 304 330 3301 : 1 :
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2- () 1- () X Y X Y -1000 500 1000 500
, ()
, ()
, ()
X 2500 250
Y 250
X() -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -750 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -500 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 250 250 250 250 Y() -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 . (. ) 0,05 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,07 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,09 0,11 0,13 0,15 0,12 0,12 0,11 0,10 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,11 0,19 0,25 0,22 0,28 0,41 0,70 0,24 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,15 0,39 0,08 0,07 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,06 0,09 0,13 0,80 0,09 0,06 0,05 0,05 0,06 0,06 0,07 0,06 0,08 0,11 0,10 0,07 . 26 27 34 37 43 97 118 131 139 143 147 16 17 17 18 24 107 139 146 152 155 157 6 5 3 1 357 162 334 333 205 192 182 356 354 350 344 287 181 319 230 219 212 208 344 341 336 312 276 254 301 244 231 224 220 334 327 314 294 273 . 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 8,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,71 8,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 1,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 1,00 0,71 8,00 0,50 0,50 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
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250 250 250 250 250 250 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,07 0,06 0,05 0,05 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,03 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03
257 247 250 241 237 229 324 317 305 290 277 263 255 255 253 245 235 317 309 299 287 275 264 257 259 255 248 240 311 304 295 285 275 266 259 255 253 248 243
0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 1,00 1,00 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,71 1,00 1,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 1,41 1,00 1,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 1,00
0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
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danarTi #3: gafrqvevis gaangariSeba SeduRebis samuSaoebis dros ( 2.1) : () ( ). , -, 1997 . 14.04.1997 . 158 , ( ), , -, 2005 . ( 2.1) (c) 1997-2006 . : - "" : 01-01-2568 . : 0 : 0 : 1 : 0 : : [1] 10 : / / % 0.0007276 0.000707 0.0000682 0.000066 0.0000997 0.000097 0.0000918 0.000089 0.0000918 0.000089 / / 0.0007276 0.000707 0.0000682 0.000066 0.0000997 0.000097 0.0000918 0.000089 0.0000918 0.000089
0123 0.00 0143 0.00 0342 0.00 0344 0.00 2908 : 70-20% SiO2 0.00 : M. =Yi*M/1000000*(1-n) [/] M.=Yi*M/T/3600*(1-n) [/] . : (): : -13/80 : Yi [/] 0123 0143 0342 0344 2908 : 70-20% SiO2 (T): 270 [] 0 [] (): 100 [] (n): 0.15
8.3200000 0.7800000 1.1400000 1.0500000 1.0500000
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danarTi #4: dizel_generatoris gafrqvevis gaangariSeba ( 2.0) : . , -, 2001 . ( 2.0) (c) 2001-2006 : - "" : 01-01-2568 : : 0 : 0 : 1 : 0 : svarkis dizeli : [1] 1 : . . / / % / / 0.0912000 0.042000 0.0 0.0912000 0.042000 0.1043734 0.048160 0.0 0.1043734 0.048160 0.021000 0.004200 0.006300 0.000840 0.000000077 0.007826
0337 0301 (IV) ( ) 2732 0.0456000 0.021000 0.0 0.0456000 0328 0.0088667 0.004200 0.0 0.0088667 () 0330 0.0139333 0.006300 0.0 0.0139333 ( ) 1325 0.0019000 0.000840 0.0 0.0019000 0703 // (3,40.000000165 0.000000077 0.0 0.000000165 ) 0304 (II) 0.0169607 0.007826 0.0 0.0169607 ( ) MNO2 = 0.8*MNOx MNO = 0.1*MNOx. : - : Mi=(1/3600)*ei*P/i [/] : Wi=(1/1000)*qi*G/i [/] : - : Mi=Mi*(1-f/100) [/] : Wi=Wi*(1-f/100) [/] : P=45.6 [] G=1.4 [] , - (i): CO= 1; NOx= 1; SO2=1 ; = 1.
(ei) [/*]: // (3,4-) NOx ( () ) 7.2 10.3 3.6 0.7 1.1 0.15 0.000013 , (qi) [/ ]: // (3,4-) NOx ( () ) 30 43 15 3 4.5 0.6 0.000055 (Q): ( b=112 [/*] H=5 [] T=673 [] 3 Q=8.72*0.000001*b*/(1.31/(1+/273))=0.117803 [ /] )
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danarTi #5: gabnevis gaangariSebis programuli amonabeWdi , 3.00 Copyright 1990-2005 "" 01-01-2568, - "" 13; wyalsadeni QOBULETI Gamma Ltd : 2, foni+mSenebloba : : "-86 " : E1= 0,01, E2=0,01, E3=0,01, S=999999,99 .. , A ( 5%) (, ) () 26,9 C 2,8 C 200 8 /
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: "%" - ; "+" - ; "-" - . . : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - , ; 5 - ; 6 - , ; 7 - ; 8 - . . . . X1- . Y1- . X2- . Y2- . () () (/) (C) . . () . () . () . () . (./) () 2,0 0,00 0 0 0 1,0 -500,0 1600,0 -575,0 500,0 8,00 , (/) F : Cm/ Xm Um : Cm/ Xm Um 0,0000000 1 1,429 11,4 0,5 1,429 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,426 11,4 0,5 0,426 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,156 11,4 0,5 0,156 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,586 11,4 0,5 0,586 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,036 11,4 0,5 0,036 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,133 11,4 0,5 0,133 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,079 11,4 0,5 0,079 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,387 11,4 0,5 0,387 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 17,680 11,4 0,5 17,680 11,4 0,5 2,0 0,00 0 0 0 1,0 -575,0 500,0 0,0 0,0 10,00 , (/) F : Cm/ Xm Um : Cm/ Xm Um 0,0000000 1 1,429 11,4 0,5 1,429 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,293 11,4 0,5 0,293 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,108 11,4 0,5 0,108 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,407 11,4 0,5 0,407 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,036 11,4 0,5 0,036 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,092 11,4 0,5 0,092 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,054 11,4 0,5 0,054 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,268 11,4 0,5 0,268 11,4 0,5 0,0000000 1 12,144 11,4 0,5 12,144 11,4 0,5 5,0 0,00 0 0 0 1,0 1000,0 -875,0 1010,0 -875,0 10,00 , (/) F : Cm/ Xm Um : Cm/ Xm Um 0,0000000 1 0,008 28,5 0,5 0,008 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,029 28,5 0,5 0,029 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,179 28,5 0,5 0,179 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,249 28,5 0,5 0,249 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,117 28,5 0,5 0,117 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,077 28,5 0,5 0,077 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,021 28,5 0,5 0,021 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,002 28,5 0,5 0,002 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,069 28,5 0,5 0,069 28,5 0,5 0,0000000 1 0,229 28,5 0,5 0,229 28,5 0,5
. . . % 0 0 1 gza1 - 0304 (II) ( ) 0328 () 0330 0337 0703 // (3,4-) 1325 2704 2732 3301 azotis dioqsidi % 0 0 2 gza2 - 0304 (II) ( ) 0328 () 0330 0337 0703 // (3,4-) 1325 2704 2732 3301 azotis dioqsidi % 0 0 3 SeduReba - 0123 0143 0304 (II) ( ) 0328 () 0330 0337 0342 0344 0703 // (3,4-) 1325
. 1 3 , (/) 0,0160000 0,0017900 0,0021900 0,0820000 1,000000e-8 0,0001300 0,0110000 0,0130000 0,0990000 1 3 , (/) 0,0160000 0,0012300 0,0015100 0,0570000 1,000000e-8 0,0000900 0,0076000 0,0090000 0,0680000 1 3 , (/) 0,0007276 0,0000682 0,0169607 0,0088667 0,0139333 0,0912000 0,0000997 0,0000918 0,0000002 0,0019000
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0,0456000 0,0000000 1 : 70-20% SiO2 0,0000918 0,0000000 1 azotis dioqsidi 0,1043734 0,0000000 1 % 0 0 4 ekskavator 1 3 5,0 0,00 0 - , (/) , (/) F : 0304 (II) ( ) 0,0053000 0,0000000 1 . . . . () () . (./) 0328 () 0,0045000 0,0000000 1 0330 0,0033000 0,0000000 1 0337 0,0260000 0,0000000 1 2732 0,0076000 0,0000000 1 2902 0,0480000 0,0000000 1 3301 azotis dioqsidi 0,0328000 0,0000000 1 % 0 0 5 buldozer 1 3 5,0 0,00 0 - , (/) , (/) F : 0304 (II) ( ) 0,0053000 0,0000000 1 0328 () 0,0045000 0,0000000 1 0330 0,0033000 0,0000000 1 0337 0,0260000 0,0000000 1 2732 0,0076000 0,0000000 1 2902 0,0350000 0,0000000 1 3301 azotis dioqsidi 0,0328000 0,0000000 1 % 0 0 6 avtoamwe 1 3 5,0 0,00 0 - , (/) , (/) F : 0304 (II) ( ) 0,0053000 0,0000000 1 0328 () 0,0045000 0,0000000 1 0330 0,0033000 0,0000000 1 0337 0,0260000 0,0000000 1 2732 0,0076000 0,0000000 1 3301 azotis dioqsidi 0,0328000 0,0000000 1
2732 2908 3301
0,5 0,160 28,5 0,5 0,5 0,001 28,5 0,5 0,5 2,197 28,5 0,5 0 0 1,0 1375,0 -1125,0 1380,0 -1125,0 5,00 Cm/ Xm Um : Cm/ Xm Um 0,056 28,5 0,5 0,056 28,5 0,5 . . . X1- . Y1- . X2- . Y2- (/) (C) . . () . () . () . () . () 0,126 28,5 0,5 0,126 28,5 0,5 0,028 28,5 0,5 0,028 28,5 0,5 0,022 28,5 0,5 0,022 28,5 0,5 0,027 28,5 0,5 0,027 28,5 0,5 0,404 28,5 0,5 0,404 28,5 0,5 0,691 28,5 0,5 0,691 28,5 0,5 0 0 1,0 1875,0 -1300,0 1885,0 -1300,0 10,00 Cm/ Xm Um : Cm/ Xm Um 0,056 28,5 0,5 0,056 28,5 0,5 0,126 28,5 0,5 0,126 28,5 0,5 0,028 28,5 0,5 0,028 28,5 0,5 0,022 28,5 0,5 0,022 28,5 0,5 0,027 28,5 0,5 0,027 28,5 0,5 0,295 28,5 0,5 0,295 28,5 0,5 0,691 28,5 0,5 0,691 28,5 0,5 0 0 1,0 2375,0 -1500,0 2380,0 -1500,0 5,00 Cm/ Xm Um : Cm/ Xm Um 0,056 28,5 0,5 0,056 28,5 0,5 0,126 28,5 0,5 0,126 28,5 0,5 0,028 28,5 0,5 0,028 28,5 0,5 0,022 28,5 0,5 0,022 28,5 0,5 0,027 28,5 0,5 0,027 28,5 0,5 0,691 28,5 0,5 0,691 28,5 0,5
0,160 0,001 2,197
28,5 28,5 28,5
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: "%" - ; "+" - ; "-" - . . , - ( ), : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - , ; 5 - ; 6 - , ; 7 - ; 8 - .
: 0123 . 0 : 0 . 3 3 % (/) 0,0007276 0,0007276 F 1 Cm/ 0,0077 0,0077 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,0077 0,0077 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000
: 0143 . 0 : 0 . 3 3 % (/) 0,0000682 0,0000682 F 1 Cm/ 0,0287 0,0287 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,0287 0,0287 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000
: 0304 (II) ( ) . 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % (/) 0,0160000 0,0160000 0,0169607 0,0053000 0,0053000 0,0053000 0,0648607 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 1,4287 1,4287 0,1785 0,0558 0,0558 0,0558 3,2032 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 1,4287 1,4287 0,1785 0,0558 0,0558 0,0558 3,2032 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
: 0328 () . 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % (/) 0,0017900 0,0012300 0,0088667 0,0045000 0,0045000 0,0045000 0,0253867 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 0,4262 0,2929 0,2489 0,1263 0,1263 0,1263 1,3469 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,4262 0,2929 0,2489 0,1263 0,1263 0,1263 1,3469 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
: 0330 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % (/) 0,0021900 0,0015100 0,0139333 0,0033000 0,0033000 0,0033000 0,0275333 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 0,1564 0,1079 0,1173 0,0278 0,0278 0,0278 0,4650 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,1564 0,1079 0,1173 0,0278 0,0278 0,0278 0,4650 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
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: 0337 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % (/) 0,0820000 0,0570000 0,0912000 0,0260000 0,0260000 0,0260000 0,3082000 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 0,5858 0,4072 0,0768 0,0219 0,0219 0,0219 1,1354 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,5858 0,4072 0,0768 0,0219 0,0219 0,0219 1,1354 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
: 0342 . 0 : 0 . 3 3 % (/) 0,0000997 0,0000997 F 1 Cm/ 0,0210 0,0210 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,0210 0,0210 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000
: 0344 . 0 : 0 . 3 3 % (/) 0,0000918 0,0000918 F 1 Cm/ 0,0019 0,0019 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,0019 0,0019 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000
: 0703 // (3,4-) . 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 . 1 2 3 3 3 3 % % % (/) 1,000000e-8 1,000000e-8 0,0000002 0,0000002 F 1 1 1 Cm/ 0,0357 0,0357 0,0695 0,1409 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,0357 0,0357 0,0695 0,1409 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
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: 1325 . 0 0 0 : . 0 0 : 0 0 0 . 1 2 3 3 3 3 % % % (/) F Cm/ 0,1327 0,0918 0,2286 0,4531 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
Cm/ Xm Um (/) 0,0001300 1 0,1327 11,40 0,5000 0,0000900 1 0,0918 11,40 0,5000 0,0019000 1 0,2286 28,50 0,5000 0,0021200 0,4531 : 2704 (/) 0,0110000 0,0076000 0,0186000 F 1 1 Cm/ 0,0786 0,0543 0,1329 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000
0 0
. 1 2
3 3
% %
Cm/ 0,0786 0,0543 0,1329 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000
: 2732 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % (/) 0,0130000 0,0090000 0,0456000 0,0076000 0,0076000 0,0076000 0,0904000 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 0,3869 0,2679 0,1600 0,0267 0,0267 0,0267 0,8948 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,3869 0,2679 0,1600 0,0267 0,0267 0,0267 0,8948 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
: 2902 . 0 0 : 0 0 . 4 5 3 3 % % (/) 0,0480000 0,0350000 0,0830000 F 1 1 Cm/ 0,4042 0,2947 0,6990 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,4042 0,2947 0,6990 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
: 2908 : 70-20% SiO2 . 0 : 0 . 3 3 % (/) 0,0000918 0,0000918 F 1 Cm/ 0,0013 0,0013 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,0013 0,0013 Xm Um (/) 28,50 0,5000
: 3301 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % (/) 0,0990000 0,0680000 0,1043734 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,3697734 F 1 1 1 1 1 1
azotis dioqsidi Cm/ 17,6797 12,1436 2,1974 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 34,0923 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
Cm/ 17,6797 12,1436 2,1974 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 34,0923
Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
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: 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - , ; , - ( 5 - ), ; 6 - , ; 7 - ; 8 - . : 6039 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : . - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % % 0330 0330 0330 0342 0330 0330 0330 (/) 0,0021900 0,0015100 0,0139333 0,0000997 0,0033000 0,0033000 0,0033000 0,0276330 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 0,1564 0,1079 0,1173 0,0210 0,0278 0,0278 0,0278 0,4860 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,1564 0,1079 0,1173 0,0210 0,0278 0,0278 0,0278 0,4860 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 : "%" - ; "+" - ; "-" - . .
: 6046 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : . - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % % 0337 0337 0337 2908 0337 0337 0337 (/) 0,0820000 0,0570000 0,0912000 0,0000918 0,0260000 0,0260000 0,0260000 0,3082918 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 0,5858 0,4072 0,0768 0,0013 0,0219 0,0219 0,0219 1,1367 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 0,5858 0,4072 0,0768 0,0013 0,0219 0,0219 0,0219 1,1367 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
: 6303 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : . - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 3301 (/) 0,0990000 0,0990000 0,0990000 0,0680000 0,0680000 0,0680000 0,1043734 0,1043734 0,1043734 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,0328000 0,0328000 1,1093202 F 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cm/ 17,6797 17,6797 17,6797 12,1436 12,1436 12,1436 2,1974 2,1974 2,1974 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 102,2768 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 Cm/ 17,6797 17,6797 17,6797 12,1436 12,1436 12,1436 2,1974 2,1974 2,1974 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 0,6905 102,2768 Xm Um (/) 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 11,40 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000 28,50 0,5000
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( ) / * 10 / / / / / / / / * 10 / / / / / . 0,04 0,01 0,4 0,15 0,5 5 0,02 0,2 0,000001 0,035 5 1,2 0,5 0,3 0,2 . . 0,4 0,01 0,4 0,15 0,5 5 0,02 0,2 0,00001 0,035 5 1,2 0,5 0,3 0,2 . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . .
0123 0143 0304 (II) ( ) 0328 () 0330 0337 0342 0344 0703 // (3,4-) 1325 2704 2732 2902 2908 : 70-20% SiO2 3301 azotis dioqsidi 6039 . (2) 330 342 6046 . (2) 337 2908 6303 sum(3) 304 330 3301
- 0 360 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 1 () X 2625,00 Y -1750,00 () 2 , E3=0,01 0123 0344 2908 : 70-20% SiO2 Cm/ 0,007659055 10276525 0,001932658 76424918 0,001288439 17616612 , () , () , () 1
3000
X 500
Y 500
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X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
( ) : 0143 : 1 : , () 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 3000 . (. ) 2,1e-4 3,8e-4 7,7e-4 1,4e-3 1,1e-3 5,3e-4 2,7e-4 2,3e-4 4,5e-4 1,1e-3 0,01 2,0e-3 6,7e-4 3,1e-4 2,1e-4 3,8e-4 7,8e-4 1,4e-3 1,1e-3 5,4e-4 2,8e-4 1,7e-4 2,6e-4 4,1e-4 5,4e-4 4,9e-4 3,3e-4 2,1e-4 1,3e-4 1,7e-4 2,3e-4 2,6e-4 2,5e-4 2,0e-4 1,5e-4 1,1e-4 1,2e-4 1,4e-4 1,5e-4 1,5e-4 1,3e-4 1,1e-4 . 17 24 39 76 127 150 160 0 0 0 2 179 180 180 343 336 322 284 233 209 200 329 319 302 277 249 229 216 317 307 293 275 256 240 227 309 299 287 274 259 246 235 .
, ()
, ()
X 500
Y 500
2 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500
(. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71
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: 0304 (II) ( ) : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 1,9e-3 2,4e-3 4,8e-3 8,5e-3 8,0e-3 7,6e-3 5,5e-3 1,8e-3 2,8e-3 6,8e-3 0,06 0,01 4,4e-3 4,0e-3 1,9e-3 2,8e-3 6,3e-3 0,01 6,9e-3 3,3e-3 2,5e-3 2,2e-3 3,6e-3 8,7e-3 4,8e-3 3,0e-3 2,0e-3 1,8e-3 2,4e-3 3,2e-3 0,02 2,7e-3 1,6e-3 1,5e-3 1,4e-3 2,2e-3 3,6e-3 2,9e-3 1,8e-3 1,4e-3 1,2e-3 1,2e-3 . 344 24 39 76 126 288 256 336 0 0 2 179 283 262 341 336 321 224 233 209 265 326 319 324 202 249 229 266 318 310 272 194 255 277 268 312 305 281 268 257 243 268 . 4,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 4,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 8,00 1,00 8,00 8,00 1,41 8,00 8,00 0,71 2,83 8,00 8,00 2,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 0,50 2,83 2,83 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 4,00 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
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: 0328 () : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 2,3e-3 3,3e-3 6,7e-3 0,01 0,01 5,2e-3 3,0e-3 2,4e-3 3,9e-3 9,5e-3 0,09 0,02 5,8e-3 2,8e-3 2,6e-3 3,6e-3 8,7e-3 0,03 9,6e-3 4,7e-3 2,5e-3 2,7e-3 4,8e-3 0,02 0,01 4,2e-3 2,8e-3 2,2e-3 3,0e-3 6,1e-3 0,05 6,1e-3 2,7e-3 2,3e-3 2,0e-3 3,1e-3 5,4e-3 5,6e-3 3,4e-3 2,5e-3 2,1e-3 1,9e-3 . 30 24 39 76 126 149 153 11 0 0 2 179 180 170 353 342 334 224 233 209 189 339 37 328 202 249 229 204 331 346 271 194 242 227 214 317 305 277 231 244 232 222 . 0,50 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 0,50 0,50 0,71 0,71 1,00 8,00 8,00 0,50 0,50 8,00 1,00 2,83 8,00 8,00 0,50 0,50 8,00 0,71 8,00 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,71 8,00 0,71 8,00 0,50 0,50 0,50 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
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: 0330 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 8,5e-4 1,6e-3 3,1e-3 5,6e-3 5,1e-3 2,3e-3 1,2e-3 9,3e-4 1,8e-3 4,5e-3 0,04 8,3e-3 2,7e-3 1,3e-3 9,2e-4 1,6e-3 3,3e-3 6,2e-3 4,5e-3 2,2e-3 1,1e-3 9,1e-4 1,5e-3 4,2e-3 2,4e-3 2,0e-3 1,3e-3 8,6e-4 9,0e-4 1,3e-3 0,01 1,3e-3 1,0e-3 8,3e-4 7,1e-4 9,2e-4 1,4e-3 1,5e-3 9,3e-4 7,9e-4 7,0e-4 6,2e-4 . 17 24 39 76 126 150 159 0 0 0 2 179 180 180 346 336 322 224 233 209 200 333 320 325 202 249 229 216 323 346 272 194 256 239 223 315 304 279 264 254 241 230 . 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 8,00 1,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 0,71 2,83 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,71 0,71 0,71 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
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: 0337 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 6,6e-4 1,0e-3 2,1e-3 3,7e-3 3,4e-3 2,3e-3 1,7e-3 6,7e-4 1,2e-3 2,9e-3 0,03 5,4e-3 1,8e-3 1,2e-3 7,5e-4 1,1e-3 2,6e-3 4,9e-3 2,9e-3 1,4e-3 8,1e-4 8,5e-4 1,4e-3 3,4e-3 1,9e-3 1,3e-3 8,7e-4 5,8e-4 9,0e-4 1,2e-3 8,5e-3 1,1e-3 6,8e-4 5,7e-4 4,9e-4 8,4e-4 1,3e-3 1,2e-3 7,1e-4 5,8e-4 5,0e-4 4,4e-4 . 344 24 39 76 126 290 263 359 0 0 2 179 180 266 342 335 321 224 233 209 269 327 319 324 202 249 229 269 318 310 272 194 256 236 221 312 305 280 267 255 242 230 . 4,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,50 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 8,00 1,00 8,00 8,00 1,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 2,83 8,00 8,00 2,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
EIA_Kobuleti
Page 122 of 147
: 0342 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 1,5e-4 2,8e-4 5,6e-4 1,0e-3 7,9e-4 3,9e-4 2,0e-4 1,7e-4 3,3e-4 8,0e-4 7,4e-3 1,5e-3 4,9e-4 2,2e-4 1,5e-4 2,8e-4 5,7e-4 1,0e-3 8,1e-4 3,9e-4 2,0e-4 1,2e-4 1,9e-4 3,0e-4 4,0e-4 3,6e-4 2,4e-4 1,5e-4 9,3e-5 1,3e-4 1,7e-4 1,9e-4 1,8e-4 1,5e-4 1,1e-4 7,7e-5 8,8e-5 1,0e-4 1,1e-4 1,1e-4 9,6e-5 8,3e-5 . 17 24 39 76 127 150 160 0 0 0 2 179 180 180 343 336 322 284 233 209 200 329 319 302 277 249 229 216 317 307 293 275 256 240 227 309 299 287 274 259 246 235 . 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
EIA_Kobuleti
Page 123 of 147
: 0703 // (3,4-) : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
EIA_Kobuleti
Page 124 of 147
: 1325 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 1,7e-3 3,0e-3 6,1e-3 0,01 8,6e-3 4,3e-3 2,2e-3 1,8e-3 3,5e-3 8,7e-3 0,08 0,02 5,4e-3 2,4e-3 1,7e-3 3,1e-3 6,3e-3 0,01 8,8e-3 4,3e-3 2,2e-3 1,4e-3 2,2e-3 3,3e-3 4,3e-3 3,9e-3 2,6e-3 1,7e-3 1,1e-3 1,5e-3 1,8e-3 2,1e-3 2,0e-3 1,6e-3 1,2e-3 8,7e-4 1,0e-3 1,1e-3 1,2e-3 1,2e-3 1,0e-3 9,0e-4 . 17 24 39 76 127 150 160 0 0 0 2 179 180 180 343 336 322 284 233 209 200 328 318 302 277 249 229 216 317 307 293 275 256 240 227 309 300 288 274 259 246 236 . 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
EIA_Kobuleti
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: 2704 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 8,8e-5 1,1e-4 1,4e-4 1,9e-4 2,8e-4 3,1e-4 2,3e-4 8,2e-5 9,6e-5 1,2e-4 1,4e-4 1,7e-4 1,9e-4 1,7e-4 7,3e-5 8,3e-5 9,3e-5 1,0e-4 1,1e-4 1,2e-4 1,1e-4 6,5e-5 7,0e-5 7,5e-5 8,0e-5 8,2e-5 8,2e-5 7,7e-5 5,7e-5 5,9e-5 6,3e-5 6,4e-5 6,6e-5 6,4e-5 6,1e-5 5,1e-5 5,3e-5 5,3e-5 5,5e-5 5,5e-5 5,3e-5 5,0e-5 . 344 341 337 330 317 290 263 336 332 326 317 304 285 266 328 323 317 308 296 282 269 322 317 310 302 292 280 269 317 311 305 298 288 279 270 312 307 301 294 286 278 270 . 4,00 2,83 2,00 1,41 1,00 0,71 0,50 4,00 4,00 2,83 2,00 1,00 0,71 0,71 5,66 4,00 2,83 2,00 1,41 1,41 1,00 5,66 4,00 4,00 2,83 2,00 2,00 2,00 5,66 5,66 4,00 4,00 2,83 2,83 2,83 5,66 5,66 5,66 4,00 4,00 4,00 4,00 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
EIA_Kobuleti
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: 2732 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 1,2e-3 2,1e-3 4,3e-3 7,6e-3 6,6e-3 3,1e-3 1,6e-3 1,3e-3 2,5e-3 6,1e-3 0,06 0,01 3,7e-3 1,7e-3 1,2e-3 2,2e-3 4,7e-3 7,8e-3 6,1e-3 3,0e-3 1,5e-3 1,2e-3 2,1e-3 4,3e-3 3,0e-3 2,7e-3 1,8e-3 1,2e-3 1,2e-3 1,6e-3 0,01 1,5e-3 1,4e-3 1,1e-3 9,0e-4 1,1e-3 1,6e-3 1,7e-3 1,1e-3 9,9e-4 8,8e-4 7,8e-4 . 17 24 39 76 126 150 159 0 0 0 2 179 180 180 344 336 321 284 233 209 200 328 319 322 277 249 229 216 318 309 272 274 256 240 225 314 303 281 270 256 243 232 . 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
EIA_Kobuleti
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: 2902 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 3,6e-3 5,3e-3 8,4e-3 0,01 8,5e-3 4,7e-3 3,3e-3 4,1e-3 8,3e-3 0,02 0,03 0,01 5,8e-3 3,6e-3 4,4e-3 9,3e-3 0,03 0,09 0,02 6,2e-3 3,6e-3 4,6e-3 9,4e-3 0,04 0,03 9,4e-3 5,0e-3 3,4e-3 4,3e-3 7,2e-3 0,02 9,9e-3 5,5e-3 3,9e-3 3,1e-3 3,6e-3 5,7e-3 7,3e-3 5,1e-3 4,2e-3 3,4e-3 2,8e-3 . 38 45 67 99 124 141 148 23 23 45 108 149 161 162 5 352 342 224 191 186 178 345 350 328 202 225 209 194 327 316 288 244 218 217 208 314 300 281 260 242 229 219 . 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 8,00 5,66 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 8,00 5,66 1,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 1,00 2,83 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
EIA_Kobuleti
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: 3301 azotis dioqsidi : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 0,02 0,03 0,06 0,10 0,10 0,07 0,05 0,02 0,03 0,08 0,78 0,16 0,05 0,04 0,02 0,03 0,07 0,15 0,08 0,04 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,11 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,27 0,03 0,02 0,02 0,01 0,03 0,04 0,04 0,02 0,02 0,01 0,01 . 344 24 39 76 126 290 263 0 0 0 2 179 180 266 343 335 321 224 233 209 269 326 319 324 202 249 229 269 318 310 272 194 252 234 220 312 305 280 266 255 241 229 . 4,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,50 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 8,00 1,00 8,00 8,00 1,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 2,83 8,00 8,00 2,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 0,50 0,50 0,50 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
EIA_Kobuleti
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: 6039 . (2) 330 342 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 1,0e-3 1,8e-3 3,7e-3 6,6e-3 5,8e-3 2,7e-3 1,4e-3 1,1e-3 2,1e-3 5,3e-3 0,05 9,8e-3 3,2e-3 1,5e-3 1,0e-3 1,9e-3 3,9e-3 6,7e-3 5,3e-3 2,6e-3 1,3e-3 1,0e-3 1,7e-3 4,2e-3 2,6e-3 2,4e-3 1,6e-3 1,0e-3 9,8e-4 1,3e-3 0,01 1,3e-3 1,2e-3 9,7e-4 8,0e-4 9,9e-4 1,5e-3 1,6e-3 1,0e-3 8,9e-4 7,9e-4 7,0e-4 . 17 24 39 76 126 150 159 0 0 0 2 179 180 180 343 336 322 284 233 209 200 332 320 324 277 249 229 216 322 318 272 274 256 240 224 314 303 280 268 255 242 231 . 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,71 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
EIA_Kobuleti
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: 6046 . (2) 337 2908 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
EIA_Kobuleti
Page 131 of 147
: 6303 sum(3) 304 330 3301 : 1 : 2- () 1- () X Y X Y 500 -1000 3000 -1000 , () , () , ()
X 3000 500
Y 500
X() 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 Y() -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 . (. ) 0,02 0,03 0,06 0,10 0,10 0,07 0,05 0,02 0,03 0,08 0,78 0,16 0,05 0,04 0,02 0,03 0,07 0,15 0,08 0,04 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,11 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,27 0,03 0,02 0,02 0,01 0,03 0,04 0,04 0,02 0,02 0,01 0,01 . 344 24 39 76 126 290 263 0 0 0 2 179 180 266 343 335 321 224 233 209 269 326 319 324 202 249 229 269 318 310 272 194 252 234 220 312 305 280 266 255 241 229 . 4,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,50 8,00 8,00 0,71 4,00 8,00 0,71 0,71 8,00 8,00 1,00 8,00 8,00 1,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 2,83 8,00 8,00 2,00 8,00 8,00 0,71 8,00 0,50 0,50 0,50 8,00 8,00 0,71 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 (. ) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
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( ) : 0 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - X() Y() () . (. . . ) : 0143 1 2625 -1750 2 1,8e-4 298 8,00 0,000 0,000 0 (. ) .
: 0304 (II) ( ) 1 2625 -1750 2 5,7e-3 310 1,00 0,000 0,000 0
: 0328 () 1 2625 -1750 2 0,01 311 1,00 0,000 0,000 0
: 0330 1 2625 -1750 2 2,7e-3 309 0,71 0,000 0,000 0
: 0337 1 2625 -1750 2 2,2e-3 310 1,00 0,000 0,000 0
: 0342 1 2625 -1750 2 1,3e-4 298 8,00 0,000 0,000 0
: 0703 // (3,4-) 1 2625 -1750 2 4,5e-4 299 8,00 0,000 0,000 0
: 1325 1 2625 -1750 2 1,5e-3 299 8,00 0,000 0,000 0
: 2704 1 2625 -1750 2 5,9e-5 307 4,00 0,000 0,000 0
: 2732 1 2625 -1750 2 2,9e-3 308 0,71 0,000 0,000 0
: 2902 1 1 2625 2625 -1750 -1750 2 0,01 300 : 3301 azotis dioqsidi 2 0,07 310 8,00 1,00 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0 0
: 6039 . (2) 330 342 1 2625 -1750 2 2,8e-3 308 0,71 0,000 0,000 0
: 6046 . (2) 337 2908 1 2625 -1750 2 2,2e-3 310 1,00 0,000 0,000 0
: 6303 sum(3) 304 330 3301 1 2625 -1750 2 0,07 310 1,00 0,000 0,000 0
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dnarTi #6 sasmeli wylis qimiuri analizis Sedeegebi

whcu^zoukl.semueogo!bokch! vhch vg,gjfdtlk^ f.nlnvn b& glt,vnsnv ,& 9 mtl: (99532) 33-32-68, 29-49-39
oclnv vjeln ,nbnejn gyglnpn # 1845

;gbrdtfn: gama oclnv vg[tk.g oclnv ;gvg[tlt.g ocglhey,mn jtunkyn ;t.nmn(b3/;qt) hgvhkjmn atjn veyn utbk vnbqdjndt (u#l) pH mtbhtjgmejg bij& ygifn (bu#l)
tl&ugbmgjk.g.(vnb/b)
miwisqveSa qobuleTi BWaburRili 14 0 0 0 0.00 7.60 80.526 0.00958
bu/l vn[nvmt fgd& memngyk.g ug[vy& O2 fgd CO2 &,&b& (bu#l O) vgtjfk N kju& C wgbejn SiO2 H3PO4 H3BO3 H2S ygjxtyn Cl 0.080 16.071 N.D. N.D. N.D. -
bu-t,d 0.986 N.D.
rgfnkyt.n
nkyn NH4 *Ca *Mg Na K Li Sr Co Ni Cr Fe Cu Mn Zn Al Ba Ag wgbn bu/l N.D. 13.000 4.080 3.500 0.500 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.280 N.D. N.D. 0.003 N.D. N.D. N.D. 21.363 bu-t,d N.D. 0.6500 0.3358 0.1528 0.0128 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.0150 N.D. N.D. 0.0001 N.D. N.D. N.D. 1.1666 bu-t,d N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.000 bu-t,d% N.D. 55.72 28.78 13.10 1.10 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 1.29 N.D. N.D. 0.01 N.D. N.D. N.D. 100% jg;& g,m& glag .tmg nkyn F Cl Br I *HCO3 CO3 SO4 NO2 NO3 H2PO4 HPO4 PO4 H2BO3 HBO3 BO3 HS S wgbn ..r#l < < bu/l N.D. 5.672 N.D. N.D. 62.220 N.D. 0.800 N.D. 5.000 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 73.692
gynkyt.n
bu-t,d N.D. 0.1600 N.D. N.D. 1.0200 N.D. 0.0167 N.D. 0.0806 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 1.2773 bu#l N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. bu-t,d% N.D. 12.53 N.D. N.D. 79.86 N.D. 1.30 N.D. 6.31 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 100%
mk,v& rkbh& ;gjni[gyn rg;bnebn ]ngyn;t.n dtj][lnvoc& mcdng vtltyn .tjnlnebn vel
bu/l N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.000
kju. mk,v& atyklt.n htvmn]n;n: A-HCCH G-HCCH DDT DDE
<*> - 20%-pt btmn; <N.D.> - bujsyk.ngjk.gpt ;g.lg; <-> - gj ugpkbnlg < - akyejn bynidytlk.g bnytjglnpg]ng (bu#l): 111.126 vgbeigkfg [tlbsqdgytln d& udg[gjng 06.12.2006
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qobuleTi onkanis wyali
bu/l vn[nvmt fgd& memngyk.g ug[vy& O2 fgd CO2 &,&b& (bu#l O) vgtjfk N kju& C wgbejn SiO2 H3PO4 H3BO3 H2S ygjxtyn Cl 0.106 16.071 N.D. N.D. N.D. -
bu-t,d 1.036 N.D.
0 0 0 0.00 7.80 77.274 0.00374
rgfnkyt.n
nkyn NH4 *Ca *Mg Na K Li Sr Co Ni Cr Fe Cu Mn Zn Al Ba Ag wgbn bu/l N.D. 13.600 4.320 3.000 0.350 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.090 0.011 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 21.371 bu-t,d N.D. 0.6800 0.3556 0.1310 0.0090 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.0048 0.0003 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 1.1807 bu-t,d N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.000 bu-t,d% N.D. 57.59 30.11 11.10 0.76 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.41 0.03 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 100% jg;& g,m& glag .tmg nkyn F Cl Br I *HCO3 CO3 SO4 NO2 NO3 H2PO4 HPO4 PO4 H2BO3 HBO3 BO3 HS S wgbn ..r#l < < bu/l N.D. 5.672 N.D. N.D. 58.560 N.D. 0.800 N.D. 3.600 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 68.632
gynkyt.n
bu-t,d N.D. 0.1600 N.D. N.D. 0.9600 N.D. 0.0167 N.D. 0.0581 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 1.1947 bu#l N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. bu-t,d% N.D. 13.39 N.D. N.D. 80.35 N.D. 1.40 N.D. 4.86 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 100%
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qobuleTi Zveli galerea
bu/l vn[nvmt fgd& memngyk.g ug[vy& O2 fgd CO2 &,&b& (bu#l O) vgtjfk N kju& C wgbejn SiO2 H3PO4 H3BO3 H2S ygjxtyn Cl 0.160 N.D. N.D. N.D. 1.300 -
bu-t,d 1.085 N.D.
0 0 0 0.00 7.65 77.022 0.01024
rgfnkyt.n
nkyn NH4 *Ca *Mg Na K Li Sr Co Ni Cr Fe Cu Mn Zn Al Ba Ag wgbn bu/l N.D. 14.400 4.440 3.300 0.300 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.100 N.D. N.D. 0.006 N.D. N.D. N.D. 22.546 bu-t,d N.D. 0.7200 0.3654 0.1441 0.0077 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.0054 N.D. N.D. 0.0002 N.D. N.D. N.D. 1.2428 bu-t,d N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.000 bu-t,d% N.D. 57.93 29.40 11.60 0.62 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.43 N.D. N.D. 0.01 N.D. N.D. N.D. 100% jg;& g,m& glag .tmg nkyn F Cl Br I *HCO3 CO3 SO4 NO2 NO3 H2PO4 HPO4 PO4 H2BO3 HBO3 BO3 HS S wgbn ..r#l < < bu/l N.D. 5.672 N.D. N.D. 62.220 N.D. 1.200 N.D. N.D. 2.086 7.397 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 5.200 N.D. 83.776
gynkyt.n
bu-t,d N.D. 0.1600 N.D. N.D. 1.0200 N.D. 0.0250 N.D. N.D. 0.0215 0.1541 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.1576 N.D. 1.5382 bu#l N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. bu-t,d% N.D. 10.40 N.D. N.D. 66.31 N.D. 1.63 N.D. N.D. 1.40 10.02 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 10.24 N.D. 100%
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Annex #7 Excerpt from the sanitary norms and rules on neutralization of drinking and domestic water with chlorine and disinfection of waterworks (2.14.010-06) Charter # 4 Chlorination requirements for the centralized watermains Article # 4 1. The quality of water in the centralized water supply system depends on: a) the quality of the water at the source; b) conditions of water collection; c) accuracy of organization of the sanitary protection zone and implementation of relevant regime; d) sanitary and technical status of the intake and the distribution network. 2. for provision of the quality drinking water it is necessary to fulfill the sanitary requirements of arrangement and exploitation of each component of the waterworks, including chlorinator. 3. chlorination must be provided for water from surface water source (after pretreatment) as well as for the water from underground sources if biological indexes do not satisfy relevant requirements. 4. for chlorination only the reagents registered according to the set out rules must be used. 5. chlorination of water in the water-pipe must be done using chlorine. For 3,000m3 daily capacity water-pipe chlorinated lime or calcium hypochloride may be used. 6. reagents must be lab tested to control concentration of active chlorine and other components, in accordance with established standard. 7. for identification of necessity of chlorination of the water from the source of the drinkingdomestic water and for setting of the major chlorination regime preliminary surveying of the source is carried out according to the order 297/n of the Minister of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of 16 August 2001 on approval of the norms for quality standards of environment. Drinking Water. Hygiene requirements of the water from the centralized water supply system, Quality control. 8. for identification of the application dose efficiency of neutralization and concentration of residual chlorine are determined empirically which depends on chlorine demand of the water. 9. selected dose of the chlorine, after not less than 30 min contact with water must ensure bactericide effect set by the sanitary norms, i.e. total coliforms in 100m3 processed water not allowed, mesophylic aerobes and facultative anaerobes in 1cm3 no more than 50 colony forming units (cfu), concentration of residual chlorine between 0.3 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l. 10. for disinfection of water from the surface water body and ensuring relevant properties (odour, taste, colour) the following method is used: a) double chlorination in case of increased content of organic substances and planktons and colouring; b) chlorination with preamonisation to remove specific odour after chlorination. During preamonisation the chlorine contact time must be no less than 1 hour; c) overchlorination - for waters in which bacterial pollution exceeds the sanitary standard value, i.e. total coliforms in 1 litre of water are above 10,000 m (at the intake), besides is used for elimination of chlorphenol odour in case water contains phenol;
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d) chlorination with refraction doses i.e. with consideration of refraction points on residual chlorine chart. Neutralization of water with free chlorine which is far more effective than chloramines and is used in case of high bacterial pollution of water; e) chlorine dioxide is recommended for improvement of the quality of disinfection and for avoidance of odour; 11. Selection of the most appropriate method capable to ensure the quality requested under the order #297/n of the Minister of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of 16 August, 2001 on approval of the norms of the qualitative status of environment. is provided by the body responsible for operation (Operator) of the water supply services based on sanitary chemical, sanitary bacteriological analysis of raw and processed water and assessment of technology, with consideration of relevant experience; 12. Based on obtained data the Operator defines the method which includes the scheme of the chlorine usage, dosing of reagents and chlorination schedule, with consideration of water flow; 13. Guaranteeing the laboratory control of water quality at the intake and in the distribution network is responsibility of Operator; 14. Determination of residual chlorine prior to delivery water to the distribution system must be provided on hourly basis, for the surface water based systems every 30 minutes; for bacteriological analysis at least 1 sample per day is to be analyzed, together with residual chlorine determination; 15. Sanitary laboratory control of the chlorination efficiency of the drinkingdomestic water is done based on determination of total coliforms and mesophylic aerobes and facultative anaerobes, in the most characteristic points (near the pump station, farther, elevated points, dead-legs, distribution points); 16. Quantitative determination of residual chlorine is to be do according to the method given in Annex 1; 17. On the large water supply systems expedient is installation of automatic analyzers which provide permanent registration of the residual chlorine content; 18. Conditions of chlorine and ammonia storage must correspond to the set out requirements, at the same time, ammonia must be stored isolated from the chlorine: a) chlorinated lime may be stored only in tight, standard packaging in dry, ventilated location, temperature - maximum 20C; b) prohibited is storage of explosive, combustible, lubricant oils, food products, metal articles and gas cylinders in the same location with the chlorine; 19. Scheduled audit and in audit in case of emergency (epidemic) the state sanitary supervision service (not less than twice a year) must check the quality of industrial and laboratory control of the water quality, assess accuracy of chlorine application method determined by Operator; a) all comments are recommendations for amelioration of water quality must be recorded in the register and kept at the intake facility.
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Chapter # 6 Requirements for disinfection of waterworks with chlorine Article # 6 1. Disinfection of waterworks (wells, reservoirs, pressure tanks, sedimentation tanks, etc) may be preventive (prior to comissioning the new facility, after routine clean up, after maintenance/repair), in case of epidemic/emergency (pollution of facilities capable to result in the outbreak of diseases); 2. To increase reliability of disinfection and reduce duration of the process 75100mg/l concentration active chlorine kept in contact with water for 5-6 hours will be used. Lower concentration 40-50mg/l and longer contact (24 hours or more) can be used; 3. Prior to disinfection facilities must be cleaned mechanically and washed. The water supply which is difficult to clean, must be washed for 4-5 hours, with maximum flow (not less than 1 m/sec); 4. disinfection of artesian well is done prior to putting the well in operation incase in case the bacteriological characteristics does not meet relevant criteria set out in the hygiene requirements defined in accordance to the order #279/n of the Minister of Labour, Health and Social Affairs on approval of the norms of the quality of environment (dated 16 August, 2001); 5. Disinfection of the well is done in two stages: first above-water part of the well, later underwater part. For disinfection of the above-water part, pneumatic plug is installed at about several meters below the static level. After that the well is filled up with chlorine solution (concentration 50-100 mg/l) or chlorinated lime. After 3-6 hour contact the plug is removed. Using the special mixer, chlorine solution is blended into the water so that the concentration of the active chlorine is water is not les than 50 mg/l. After the 3-6 hour contact water is pumped out until the odour of the chlorine dissapears. This is followed by sampling for bacteriological analysis. Rated volume of the chlorine solution must exceed the volume of the well (according to diameter and height of the well): 1.2-1.5 times for the above-water and 2-3 times for underwater parts respectively; 6. Disinfection of large reservoirs is recommended by sprinkling. For this purpose chlorinated lime (or chlorine) solution with chlorine concentration 200-250 mg/l is sprinkled on the walls and floor of the reservoir. The volume of solution is calculated with consideration of dimensions of the reservoir as 0.3-0.5 liter per 1 m3. After 1-2 hours solution is washed off with clean water. The staff must wear overalls, rubber boots and respirators. In reservoir, in front of the entrance, the basin with chlorinated lime for washing boots is placed; 7. Disinfection of small pressure tanks must be done by volumetric method. For this purpose it is to be filled with 75-100 mg/l active chlorine solution. After 5-6 hours the tanks are washed with the clean water until concentration of residual chlorine is 0.3-0.5 mg/l. Disinfection of sedimentation tank, mixer and filter after maintenance/repair is done similarly; 8. After disinfection of the water supply system bacteriological analysis must be carried out not less than twice with intervals corresponding to the time of complete change of entire water volume between two samplings. In case results are satisfactory the tank can be put in operation; 9. Disinfection of the water supply network is done using the chlorine solution (chlorinated lime) with 75-100mg/l of chlorine depending on the level of pollution. The chlorine solution if fed into the system until the chlorine concentration in the
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most remote point is not less than 50%. After that the system is left filled with disinfectant for about 6 hours. Afterwards the chlorine solution is drained, the system washed with clean water until concentration of the chlorine reduces to 0.3-0.5 mg/l. In case results of two chemical analysis of water collected from the system turns to be satisfactory, disinfection is considered as complete; 10. The volume of the chlorine solution calculated with consideration of internal volume of the pipes plus 3-5% (to allow for spilling) makes: for 100m, 50mm pipes 0.2 m3, 75mm - 0,5 m3, for 100mm pipes - 0,8 m3, for 150mm-1.8 m3, for 200mm3.2 m3, 250 mm- 5 m3; 11. Results of disinfection, washing of the system must be recorded. The report is to indicate the active chlorine dose; duration of the contact and final washing, results of analysis. Chapter # 7 Safety requirements Article # 7 1. Chlorinator must be placed in isolated room. Besides the door to the pump station the must have another exit, which opens outwards; 2. The room must have mechanical ventilation providing 12-fold change of the air per hour. The ventilation outlets must be arranged at 30cm from the floor level, while the ventilation pipe must be not less than 2m above the roof. Ventilation must be switched on from the switchboard located at the entrance of the chlorinatorion station. 3. Amonisation equipment (ammonia cylinders, balances, meters) must be placed in the separate building equipped with ventilation; 4. Good natural and artificial lighting must be provided to ensure proper visibility of the rotameter scale of the chlorine meter. Air temperature must be not less than +18C; 5. In the lobby lockers, fits aid means and oxygen bags must be located; 6. The oxygen bags must be placed on easily portable vertical stays to facilitate their handling. It is not allowed to attach the cylinders to the wall. In order to provide control of the chlorine consumption the cylinders must be placed on the weighing machine. Between the chlorine cylinder and the chlorinator installation of intermediate cylinder (receiver) is required to provide purification of the chlorine; 7. Prior to entering ventilation must be turned on. Entry is allowed only in case the chlorine smell is not detected. In case the smell is felt the respirators must be used. Special precaution to be taken to eliminate the gas leakage. The leaks are detected by wetting the joints with the liquid ammonia. The leakage can be detected by formation of white cloud; 8. Damaged chlorine cylinders must be immediately removed from the room. For neutralization of the cylinder in 10m to the chlorinator the 2 meters high, 1.5 diameter chamber with watertight floor and walls must be arranged. The chamber is to be filled up with lime solution. The chamber must have access to water; 9. Smoking inside the chlorination station is prohibited; 10. In case frozen the cylinders and pipes must be heated using the cloth soaked in warm water. All other means (electric heater, kerosene stove, etc) is prohibited; 11. Transportation of chlorine from storage to chlorinator must be done by cars of special handcarts. Loading/unloading of the cylinders must be done carefully. At the same time hitting, valves damaging, rolling of the cylinders is not allowed.
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During transportation the cylinders must be placed on special supports, attached to the car body and covered with tarpaulin for heat protection; 12. In case the chlorinated lime is used, solution must be prepared in the room where 5-fold change of air per hour is provided; 13. The staff preparing the chlorinated lime solution must wear respirators and overalls, be equipped with personal protection equipment (rubber boots, gloves). After completion of works taking shower is required.
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Annex #8 - Excerpt from the sanitary rules and norms Drinking water. Hygiene requirements of the quality of drinking water from centralized water supply systems. Quality control. (2.1.4. 000-00) Drinking water quality normatives and hygiene requirements. 1. From epidemic and radiation view water must be safe, safe by it chemical composition and wholesome; 2. Quality of drinking water must meet requirements of hygiene norms at the source and at the point of use. 3. Epidemic safety of the drinking water is defined by correspondence of microbiological, virusological and parasitological characteristics with norms given in Table 1 Table 1 Parameter Unit Standard 3 Thermotolerant coliforms number of bacteria1) in 100 cm not allowed 3 Total coliforms2) number of bacteria1) in 100 cm not allowed Mesophilic aerobes and colony forming units in 1cm3 no more than facultative anaerobes 50 Coliforms3) number of negative colonies in not allowed 100cm3 Sulphite reducing clostridia4) number of spores in 20cm3 not allowed Lamblia cysts3) number of cysts, in 50dm3 not allowed Note: a). in each 100 cm3 analysis is done three times; b). exceedance of standard in 95% of the samples per year in not allowable. No less than 100 must be tested per year; c) determined only in surface water based systems prior to delivery to the distribution network; d). determined while checking/assessment of efficiency of water processing technology. 4. Identification of microbiological quality of drinking water each sample is checked for the presence of thermotolerant coliforms, mesophilic aerobes and facultative anaerobes, total coliforms and colifagues. a). In case thermotolerant coliforms, total coliforms and or colifagues are detected the tests are to be immediately repeated. In order to identify the reasons of pollution chlorides and mineral nitrogen compounds ammonium nitrogen, nitrates and nitrites, must be simultaneously determined; 5. If in additional samples total coliforms (>2 in 100ml), thermotolerant coliforms and/or colifagues are found the samples are tested on the presence of pathogens and/or enteroviruses; 6. In case of epidemic indication, by decision of the sanitary supervision service drinking water is tested for the presence of pathogen intestine bacteria and enteroviruses; 7. Analysis of availability of the pathogen microorganisms can be done only by relevantly certified special laboratory; 8. By chemical composition safety of water is identified by its correspondence with relevant normatives; a). general characteristics and the presence of those hazardous chemical which are often found in natural waters, globally met technogene pollutants (Table 2).
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b). Presence of hazardous chemical substances generated in the course of water treatment (Table 3); g). chemicals which get into the water supply sources due to the economical activity (Annex 2).
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Table 2
Parameter Unit Standard value (MPC), no more than General 6-9 1000 (1500)(2) 7,0 (10)(2) 3,0 0,1 0,5 Hazard index Class of risk
Hydrogen ion exponent Total mineralisation (dry residue) Total hardness Permang.oxidability Petroleum products, total surface-active materialz , anionactive Phenol index Aluminium (Al3+) Barium (Ba2+) Berilium (Be2+) Boron (B, total) Iron (Fe, total) Cadmium (Cd, total) Manganese (Mn, total) Copper (Cu, total) Molybdenum (Mo, total) Arsenic (As, total) Nickel (Ni, total) Nitrates (by NO-3) Mercury (Hg, total) Lead (Pb, total) Selenium (Se, total) Strontium (Sr2+) Sylphates (SO42-) Fluorides (F-) Chlorides (Cl-) Chromium (Cr6+) Cyanides (CN-) Zinc (Zn2+) -hqch (Lindane) DDT (sum of isomers) 2,4-D
PH unit mg/dm3 mmol/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3
mg/dm3 0,25 Inorganic matter mg/dm3 0.5 3 mg/dm 0.1 mg/dm3 0.0002 mg/dm3 0.5 3 mg/dm 0.3 (1.0)(2)org. mg/dm3 0.001 3 mg/dm 0.1 (0.5)(2) mg/dm3 1.0 3 mg/dm 0.25 mg/dm3 0.05 3 mg/dm 0,02 mg/dm3 45 mg/dm3 0.0005 mg/dm3 0.03 mg/dm3 0.01 3 mg/dm 7.0 mg/dm3 250(500) 0,3 mg/dm3 250(350) mg/dm3 0.05 mg/dm3 0.035 mg/dm3 3.0 Organic matter mg/dm3 0.002(3) 3 mg/dm 0.002(3) mg/dm3 0.03(3)
ST ST ST ST org. ST org. org. ST ST ST org. ST ST ST ST org org. ST ST org. ST ST ST
2 2 1 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 2 2 2 4 4 3 2 3 1 2 2
Note: a) ST sanitary toxicological, org - organoleptic; b) the values given in brackets can be fixed by decision of the sanitary supervision service case by case, with consideration of sanitary and epodemiological status and water preparation technology; c) normatives accepted in compliance with the WHO recommendations
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Parameter
Unit
Standard value (MPC), no more than 0.3-0.5
Hazard index (1)
Table 3 Class of risk
Chlorine1) residual free residual fixed Chlorophorm (for chlorination of water) Residual ozone 3) Formaldehyde (for ozonation of water) Polyacrylamide Activated silicum acid (by Si) Polyphosphates by (PO3-4) Residual aluminium and iron containing coagulants mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3
org org ST org ST ST ST org
3 3 2 .2 2 2 2 3
0.8-1.2 0.2(2) 0.3 0.05 2.0 10 3.5 see Aluminium and Iron, Table 2
Note: a). In case of disinfection with free chlorine, the contact time must no less than 30 minutes, for treatment with fixed chlorine - no less than 60 minutes; b). Control of residual chlorine content is done before delivery of water to the distribution system; c). In case of both free and fixed chlorine total concentration must not exceed 1.2 mg/dm3; d). Higher concentration of chlorine may be allowed by the sanitary supervision service on case to case basis; e). Standard is adopted in compliance with the WHO recommendations; f). Control of the residual ozone is done in the point after the mixing chamber after no less than 12 min water-ozone contact; 9. In case of several pollutants ascribed to the 1 and 2 hazard class of risk and normalized by sanitary and toxicological hazard index, the sum of concentration vs MPC ratio by components must not exceed 1. The value is calculated as follows:
C1 fact C1MPC
C 2 fact C 2 MPC
..... +
C nfact C nMPC
where C1 , C2 , Cn _ concentrations of individual chemical substances of 1 and 2 class of risk: fact (factual), MPC (permissible). 10. Organoleptic properties of safe water are determined by their correspondence with the standards indicated in Table 4, as well as the standard values of the substances, listed in Tables 2 and 3 and Annex 2, having influence on organoleptic characteristics of water.
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Table 4
Parameter Odour Taste Colour Turbidity Unit point point degree emf (turbidity units by formazin) or mg/dm3 (by kaoline) Standard, no more than 2 2 20 (35)1) 2.6 (3.5)1) 1.5 (2)1)
Note: a). Value indicated in brackets can be adopted by resolution of the chief sanitary inspector of the local sanitary supervision service based on assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological status of the certain specific system of water supply in the residential area based on the water preparation technology applied. 11. Prohibited is visible presence of water organisms and surface film. 12. Radiation safety of the drinking water is defined by correspondence of and radioactivity with values given in Table 5. Table 5
Parameter total - radioactivity total -radioactivity Unit bk/dm3 bk/dm3 Standard 0.1 1.0 Hazard index radioact. radioact.
13. In case of exceedence of the listed standards by the total radioactivity identification of radionuclides is additionally carried out. Assessment of radionuclides is done in line with radiation safety standards approved by the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs. Drinking water quality control According to the law of Georgia on Health Care the quality of water is under the state supervision, and of departmental sanitary and production control; 2. Production control of the drinking water quality is provided by Operator of the water supply services; 3. Operator provides permanent control of the drinking water quality at the source and in the distribution networks; 4. Quantity of samples and sampling frequency are determined according to requirements listed below (Table 6). Table 6 1.
Parameter Quantity of samples, no less than Underground water Surface water sources sources 4 (seasonally) 12 (monthly) not applicable 12 (monthly) 4 (seasonally) 12 (monthly) 4 (seasonally) 12 (monthly) 1 4 (seasonally) 1 1
Microbiological Parasitological Oranoleptic General Inorganic & organic components Radiological
5. Parameters, quantity of drinking water samples collected prior to getting into the distribution network are defined according to requirements given in Table 7.
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Table 7
Quantity of samples per year, no less than Underground water sources Surface water sources Qty of water users, thou up to 20-100 above 100 up to above 20 100 100 501) 1502) 3653) 3653) 3653) n/a 124) 124) 501) 1502) 3653) 3653) 3653) 4 4) 6 5) 126) 126) 247) 1 1 1 44) 126) Residual chlorine, residual ozone no less than once per hour, other reagents no less than once per shift 1 1 1 1 1
Parameter
Microbiological Parasitological Oranoleptic General Inorganic and organic components Parameters related to water preparation technology Radiological
Note: a). Water samples must be collected with the following periodicity: a.a). weekly; a.b). tree times per week; a.c). daily; a.d). once per season; a.e). once in two months; a.f). monthly; a.g). two times per month. b). For the systems delivering water to 20 thou individuals waste samples for microbiological and organoleptic tests is done once per month; c). In case of floods and emergency situations, intensified control regime is introduced with agreement of the state sanitary supervision service. 6. Production control of the water quality in distribution network is done according to microbiological and organoleptic indexes with frequency indicated in Table 8. Table 8
Number of population supplied up to 10 10-20 20-50 50-100 above 100 Quantity of samples per month 2 10 30 100 100+1 per every 5 thou
Note: Indicated qty does include the obligatory control samples, to be tested after rehabilitation and maintenance of the system. 7. Samples from the distribution system are collected from the highest sited locations and dead-ends, as well as from the taps in individual buildings/blocks where additional pumps and pressure tanks are available. 8. According to the work program drinking water production control is performed by the Operators lab or other certified lab under the special contract. 9. The state sanitary supervision of drinking water quality is provided by relevant regional state sanitary supervision services, departmental sanitary supervision authorities, duly authorized organizations and administrative bodies;
EIA_Kobuleti
Page 147 of 147
10. Organization and implementation of the state and departmental control/supervision is systematic in compliance with the state sanitary norms and guidelines depending on sanitary and epidemiological situation; 11. For water quality analysis allowed is the use of the certified methods of water quality analysis with precision of measurements not exceeding requirements set out in GOST 27384-87, methods approved by the Sakstandarti or by the State supervision service. Samples are collected according to requirements of the state standard.

Kobuleti Water Supply Rehabilitation Project Environmental Impact Assesment

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Kobuleti Water Supply Rehabilitation Project Environmental Impact Assesment

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PROJECT FOR REHABILITATION OF KOBULETI WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Prepared by Scientific research firm Gamma President V.Gvakharia

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

2. Legislative and administrative structure

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Protection of state and public interests.

The World Bank Regulations

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Alternative 2 (S) Upgrading/rehabilitation of the sewage system

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Replacement of the intake facilities/communications

Replacem ent of the pum p

Distr ibution networ k

Installation of water meters

Design scheme of Kobuleti water supply system

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Design treatment facility Design pump station #3

Location of the units subject to rehabilitation

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Gr a vit y pip elin e

Design scheme of the intake system

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Figure 4.1.1.1. View of the EMU pumps

Rehabilitation of the water supply system

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Different versions of the use of submerged pumps

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Com post., fert ilizer

Sand ground Gas-holder

U tilization of dr ied silt ( fertilizer )

Primary set tling tank

Methane trap Boiler

W ater drained fr om the silt ground

Pump stat ion

Pump stat ion

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Regulation reser voir

Stor mwater treatment facility

D ischarge of treated water

Surface water body

Design scheme of the stormwater treatment facility

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

5. ANALYSIS OF THE BACKGROUND STATUS OF ENVIROINMENT

5.2. Natural background 5.2.1. Geological conditions

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM GAMMA

Results of the chemical analysis of the surface water samples

13.420 N.D. 10.800 N.D. 1.200

112.800 N.D. 47.000 N.D. 5.600