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Scott Atran CNRS - Institut Jean

Nicod, Paris and
The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

I.

Richard Dawkins 1976



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mme ),
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(Williams 199).
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Rutherford-Bohr

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II.

, ,
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, (memeplex) (Blackmore
1999).
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III.

Susan Blackmore (1999), ,

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,

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(.. )
(.. ) .

.

(Dawkins 199{, Lynch 1996, Dennett 1997).

IV.

(Mindblind Memetics)

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Dawkins
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(198). ,
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,
(Atran 1996, Sperber 1996).

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, Dawkins (1999) Dennett (199)
Blackmore (1999)
. Dennett (199),
West Side Story
(), ().
Dan Sperber
(198)
() ,
(multimodular) . Dennett

, .
Dawkins (1976)
,

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.
,
.

V.

, ,
.
,
, , .,
: (1) (Marr 198), ()
(multimodular) (Hirschfeld& Gelman 199M), ({)
(modules) (Fodor 198{), (M)

(Barkow 199), ()
,
(modular processing) (Sperber 1996).
(modular faculty), ,
( )
(faculty
domain) (Chomsky 

).

, ,
(input), .
(module) , (output),
.
(output)
.

.
(domain specificity),
(cognitive modules):
.
(perceptual module)
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
, (morpho-syntax) (Fodor 198{).
, ,
(..,
), (Atran 199 ).

folkmechanics (- ), folkbiology (- )
folkpsychology (- ):
- (folkmechanics):


( ),
( )
( ), (Baillargeon 1987, Spelke 199 ).
- (folkbiology):
(folk) ,
(Berling . 197{, Atran 199 ). ,
, (folk)
,

- .

(Coley 1997, Atran
1998). folkbiology ,
(..
).

(Atran 

1).

- (folkpsychology): , ,
.

,
. , ,
.
,
(Csbira . 1999),
(Premack Premack 199), (Leslie 1991),
(Baron Cohen 199),
(Johnson 1998). ,

(Wimmer& Perner 198{, Avis& Harris 1991).
(natural domain),
(proper domain) ( ) (actual domain)
(Sperber 1996).

.

. , ,
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(
). ,

(Hume 176/197, Guthrie 199{).
, .


(Heider& Simmel 19MM,
Premack& Premack 199, Bloom& Veres 1999).
-
. ,
- .

VI.

(Cultural Domains)

(input) (Sperber 1996).
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make-up, Mickey Mouse, , ,
.
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.
; Lack (1968): ,
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(modular
processing) (.. ,
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(Levi Strauss 196). , ,
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(Atran & Sperber 1991).
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, .

11

, . ,

- make- up , ,

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(.. )
,

(Atran & Sperber 1991, Boyer 199M, Atran ).

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.


.
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VII.

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1

Mao
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Michigan.
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1M

,
(Atran 1998).
,

(Sperber& Wilson 1986, Gigerenzer& Todd 1999).
(..
). ,

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VIII.

,
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.
(replicator) .
.
Dawkins (1999), Blackmore,
( ),
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,
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() - :
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.

, ,
,
. , (1) John
Mary ()
. .
, ({) John Peter
(M) John Peter
. ({)
( John Peter ->
John ), (M)
( John Peter ->
Peter ). -

(1) () ({) (M)
;
.

,
- (Chomsky 1986).

16

,
,
Michigan. ,
: Through the air underground as they
fly marry bachelors. ,
, ,
. : Bachelors
the through marry fly they underground as. Bachelors
. : Bachelors marry
underground as they fly through the air.
, .
- ,
.

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- .
.
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origami ( ),

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.
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: , (Pinker 199M)

. (Sperber & Wilson 1986).


. , , .

17

,
Mickey Mouse
.
(Ekman 199). ,
, ,
, , , ,
, (Frank 1988).
.

. ,
(.. ,
) ,
, (Atran& Sperber 1991, Boyer 199M).

.
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,
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.
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, , (Ellsworth 1991).
.
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(Keltner 199{). ,
, .

IX.

.
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18

, .

.

. ,
(Sperber 198).

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: .
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.
(Davidson 198M):

.
(Atran 199 ).
(memeplexes),
,
(multimodular) .
, ,

. -
, - ,
. ,
, , - , - ,
,
.

19

THE TROUBLE WITH MEMES :

INFERENCE VERSUS IMITATION IN CULTURAL CREATION
[http://sitemaker.umich.edu/satran/files/human_nature_ 1.pdf]