The career of Andre Villas-Boas was famously launched by an encounter with Sir Bobby Robson in the Porto apartment

block they shared. Encouraged by Robson, Villas-Boas would write out detailed scouting reports and leave them for the great man in his post box. Robson started to invite him to Portos training and informal coaching clinics that included Jose Mourinho. Two years ago Villas-Boas had his own encounter with precocity. On March 27 2009 he went to the Cafe Maiorca in his home town to be interviewed by Daniel Sousa, a 24-year-old student in the faculty of sport at the University of Porto. He interviewed me when I was at Inter, assisting Jose,explained Villas-Boas. It was for his university thesis. When I got the club job with Academica back in Portugal I invited him to come and scout for me because from what I saw and heard during the interview it appeared to me that this boy could go all the way, in terms of scouting and in terms of management. Sousa flourished. He now does the job Villas-Boas did for Mourinho at Chelsea, working as the opposition scout. Sousa has prepared the dossier on Stoke City that Villas-Boas will have used in preparation for his first competitive game in charge of his new club. This Cafe Maiorca interview is the most comprehensive expression of Villas-Boas football philosophy. In it Villas-Boas explains his theories about how the game should be played and gives a fascinating and detailed insight in what to expect from his Chelsea team.

GLOSSARY Circulation: the retention of possession by passing from player to player without taking risks. Vertical: Up and down the pitch, from goal to goal. Horizontal: Across the pitch, from touchline to touchline. Transition: When possession is regained, the opportunity to counter-attack. Low block: A team that defends with two deep banks of defenders and midfielders. Mourinhos succinct term for it was parking the bus. A FOOTBALL PHILOSOPHY AVB: There are more spaces in football than people think. Even if you play against a low block team, you immediately get half of the pitch. And after that, in attacking midfield, you can provoke the opponent with the ball, provoke him to move forward or sideways and open up a space. But many players cant understand the game.

They cant think about or read the game. Things have become too easy for football players: high salaries, a good life, with a maximum of five hours work a day and so they cant concentrate, cant think about the game. Barcelonas players are completely the opposite. Their players are permanently thinking about the game, about their movement, about how to provoke their opponent with the position of the ball. DS: Does a top team need to dominate possession to win a match? AVB: Not necessarily, for a simple reason. In Portugal we have this idea of match control based on ball circulation. Thats what we in Portugal want to achieve in our football: top teams that dominate by ball possession, that push the opponent back to their area. If you go find the top English teams pre-Arsene Wenger they tell you how to control a match in the opposite way without much ball possession, direct football, searching for the second ball. Maybe now, controlling possession is the reference point for a top team, but that happens because they have much more quality players than the other teams, so it would be wrong not to take advantage of those individual skills. DS: One thing Louis Van Gaal says is that you can control a match offensively and defensively but you must keep in control defensively you can also determine where your opponent will play on the pitch. AVB: Yes, I agree. In that sense, yes. But the idea we now have in Portugal of match control is about having more ball possession than the opponent. DS: Exactly, but match control has to result in scoring chances. Thats the only way it makes sense. There are teams that have like 60 per cent ball possession and that results in nothing at all. AVB: Thats it. Match control always has to have a purpose, a main goal. DS: And in that concept of match control, are there any sectors of the team more important than others? AVB: Well, that depends on the mechanisms you want to use defensively and offensively. Let me give you an example. Top teams nowadays dont look to vertical penetration from their midfielders because the coach prefers them to stand in position (horizontally) and then use the movement of the wingers as the main source to create chances. So, you, as a coach, have to know exactly what kind of players you have and analyse the squad to decide how you want to organise your team offensively. And then, there are maybe some players more important than others.

For instance, many teams play with defensive pivots, small defensive midfielders. And, except Andrea Pirlo and Xabi Alonso, and maybe Esteban Cambiasso and one or two more, they are players that are limited to the horizontal part of the game: they keep passing the ball from one side to another, left or right, without any kind of vertical penetration. Cant you use your defensive midfielder to introduce a surprise factor in the match? Lets say, first he passes horizontally and then, suddenly, vertical penetration? THE INFLUENCE OF JOSE MOURINHO AVB: There has been an evolution in football language and football analysis since Mourinho started to coach. Theres a different way of looking at a match, a different way of doing technical analysis. People have started to look beyond the formation, and started talking about the dynamics within the team and how theyre more important than the teams formation. TALKING TACTICS DS: Whats the difference between playing with three or four midfielders? AVB: Rafa Benitez created a 4-4-2 much more dynamic than the usual English 4-4-2. Because he introduced speed in ball possession, he gave it variation between vertical and horizontal passes. The usual classic English 4-4-2 is more basic: a penetrating midfielder and another one that stays in position; a winger who moves inside and another one who stays wide; a full back who overlaps and another one who covers the defence. If you talk about a 4-4-2 diamond, thats totally different. You play with two pivotal midfielders, one defensive and one offensive, so it creates many more problems for your opponent. Defensively, though, you take a great risk of ceding too much space because you are very central and you lack width. You have to create compensation mechanisms. Me, Im a 4-3-3 fan, not 4-4-2. I dont see how a classic 4-4-2 could work in the Spanish league, where every team plays 4-3-3 and the superiority of the midfield has become crucial. What Mourinho did with Chelsea with his 4-3-3 was something never seen before: a dynamic structure, aggressive, with aggressive transitions...and then there is Barcas 4-3-3, which wouldnt work in England, because of the higher risk of losing the ball. If you have midfielders like Frank Lampard or Steven Gerrard you dont want your forwards to come and play between lines, because Lampard and Gerrard have a large field of action and very often move in to those spaces.

Lampard was often irritated with Didier Drogba because Drogba wanted to receive the ball there but then, amazingly, his first touch was poor, so he lost the ball and we were exposed to a transition from the opponent. So we had to limit Drogba from going there and ask him to play deeper. BARCELONAS TACTICAL MASTERPLAN DS: Is good ball circulation essential in the attacking organisation of a top team? AVB: Well, its essential to every team. Every team want to score. Thats the purpose of the game. Barcelona play horizontally only after a vertical pass. See how the centre backs go out with ball, how they construct the play. They open up (moving wider), so that the right or leftback can join the midfield line. Guardiola has talked about it: the centre backs provoke the opponent, invite them forward then, if the opponent applies quick pressure the ball goes to the other central defender, and this one makes a vertical pass. Not to the midfielders, who have their back turned to the ball, but to those moving between lines, Andres Iniesta or Lionel Messi, or even directly to the striker. Then they play the second ball with short lay-offs, either to the wingers who have cut inside or the midfielders, who now have the game in front of them. They have an enormous capacity not to lose the ball, to do things with an unbelievable precision. Another thing about Barcelona, there is always a full-back who arrives earlier in the attack, the other stays in position initially but then progressively joins the attack, as the ball circulates on the other side of the pitch, so he can be a surprise element. When you least expect he arrives. He chooses the perfect timing for the overlap. DS: Louis Van Gaal says a vertical pass is not a risk, but a horizontal pass is because when you make a horizontal pass you are much more open, more exposed in case you lose the ball. AVB: Yes, thats right. And there are differences between a horizontal pass and a slightly diagonal pass. Something that used to happen a lot in England, when teams played 4-4-2, was that the central midfielders exchanged the ball between them in parallel passes so what we did with Lampard, or Liverpool did with Gerrard, was to try to cut into that space between the two midfielders with fast movement from Lampard. If they got the ball there, there were already two opponents eliminated in the attacking transition. DEALING WITH DEFENSIVE TEAMS DS: How do you attack a team that plays with an ultra-low block?

AVB: Lets see. Juventus play with an ultra-low block, they dont put any pressure on you high up the field. Nowadays most teams dont. It can limit you because they control the space behind them with perfect offside timing. They limit your vertical passes as well because they are all grouped within 30 or 40 metres, completely closed in two lines of four plus the two forwards. So you start constructing short, begin the attacking process with your centre-backs of fullbacks carrying the ball forward to the midfield area but then you want to pass the ball to the midfielders and you dont know how to do it, because there is an ultra-limited space, everything is completely closed. DS: So what to do? AVB: You have to provoke them with the ball, which is something most teams cant do. I cannot understand it. Its an essential factor in the game. At this time of ultra-low defensive block teams, you will have to learn how to provoke them with the ball. Its the ball they want, so you have to defy them using the ball as a carrot. Louis Van Gaals idea is one of continuous circulation, one side to the other, until the moment that, when you change direction, an space opens up inside and you go through it. So, he provokes the opponent with horizontal circulation of the ball, until the moment that the opponent will start to pressure out of despair. What I believe in is to challenge the rival by driving the ball into him. Thats something Pep Guardiola believes is decisive. And thats something that Henk ten Cate also took to Avram Grants Chelsea. He took it with him from Frank Rijkaards Barcelona. We did it differently at Chelsea under Mourinho.
Our attacking construction was different, with the ball going directly to the full-backs or midfielders. With Ten Cate, play was started with John Terry or Ricardo Carvalho, to invite the opponent s pressure. Then you had one less opponent in the next step of construction.