GLOSSARY11-17
AIR/FUELRATIO:Theratioof air-to-gasolineby weightin thefuel mixture
drawnintotheengine.
AIR INJECTION:Onemethodof reducingharmfulexhaustemissionsby in-
jectingair intoeachof theexhaustportsof an engine.Thefreshair entering
thehotexhaustmanifoldcausesanyremainingfuelto beburnedbeforeit can
exitthetailpipe.
ALTERNATOR:A devicewhichproducesAC (alternatingcurrent)whichis
convertedto DC(directcurrent)to chargethecar battery.
AMMETER:An instrument, calibratedin amperes,usedto measuretheflow
of an electricalcurrentin a circuit.Ammetersarealwaysconnectedin series
with thecircuitbeingtested.
AMPERE:Therateof flow of electricalcurrentpresentwhenonevolt of elec-
trical pressureis appliedagainstoneohmof electricalresistance.
ANALOGCOMPUTER:Any microprocessor that usessimilar(analogous)
electricalsignalsto makeits calculations.
ARMATURE:A laminated, softironcorewrappedbya wirethatconvertselec-
trical energyto mechanicalenergyas in a motoror relay.Whenrotatedin
a magneticfield, it changesmechanicalenergyinto electricalenergyas in a
generator.
ATMOSPHERICPRESSURE:Thepressureon the Earth’ssurfacecaused
by theweightof theair in theatmosphere.
At sealevel,this pressureis 14.7
psi at 32°F(101kPaat OOC).
ATOMIZATION:Thebreakingdownof a liquid into a fine mistthatcanbe
suspended
in air.
AXIAL PLAY:Movementparallelto a shaftor bearingbore.
BACKFIRE:Thesuddencombustionof gasesin the intakeor exhaustsys-
temthatresultsin a loudexplosion.
BACKLASH:Theclearanceor playbetweentwoparts,suchasmeshedgears.
BACKPRESSURE: Restrictionsin the exhaustsystemthatslow the exit of
exhaustgasesfromthecombustionchamber.
BAKELITE[reg]:A heatresistant,plasticinsulatormaterialcommonlyused
in printedcircuitboardsandtransistorized
components.
BALL BEARING:A bearingmadeup of hardenedinnerandouterracesbe-
tweenwhichhardenedsteel’ballsroll.
BALLASTRESISTOR:A resistorin the primaryignitioncircuitthatlowers
voltageaftertheengineis startedto reducewearon ignitioncomponents.
BEARING:A friction reducing,supportivedeviceusuallylocatedbetweena
stationarypartanda movingpart.
BI-METALTEMPERATURE SENSOR:Anvsensoror switchmadeof two
dissimilartypesof metalthatbendwhenheatedor cooleddueto thedifferent
expansionratesof the alloys.Thesetypesof sensorsusuallyfunctionas an
on/offswitch.
BLOW-BY:Combustion gases,composedof watervaporandunburnedfuel,
thatleakpastthe pistonringsintothecrankcaseduringnormalengineoper-
ation.Thesegasesareremovedby the PCVsystemto preventthebuildupof
harmfulacidsin thecrankcase.
BRAKEPAD:A brakeshoeandliningassemblyusedwith discbrakes.
BRAKESHOE:Thebackingfor thebrakelining.Thetermis, however,usu-
ally appliedto theassemblyof thebrakebackingandlining.
BUSHING:A liner,usuallyremovable,
for a bearing;ananti-frictionlinerused
in placeof a bearing.
CALIPER:A hydraulicallyactivateddevicein a disc brakesystem,whichis
mountedstraddlingthe brakerotor (disc).Thecalipercontainsat leastone
pistonandtwo brakepads.Hydraulicpressureonthepiston(s)forcesthepads
againstthe rotor.
CAMSHAFT:A shaftin theengineon whicharethelobes(cams)whichop-
eratethevalves.Thecamshaftis drivenby thecrankshaft,
via a belt,chainor
gears,at onehalfthecrankshaftspeed.
CAPACITOR:A devicewhichstoresan electricalcharge.
CARBONMONOXIDE(CO): A colorless,odorlessgasgivenoff as a nor-
malbyproductof combustion.It is poisonousandextremelydangerous in con-
finedareas,buildingupslowlyto toxic levelswithoutwarningif adequateven-
tilationis notavailable.
CARBURETOR: A device,usuallymountedon the intakemanifoldof an en-
gine,whichmixestheair andfuel in theproperproportionto allowevencom-
bustion
CATALYTICCONVERTER: A deviceinstalledin theexhaustsystem,like a
muffler,thatconvertsharmfulbyproductsof combustioninto carbondioxide
andwatervaporby meansof a heat-producing chemicalreaction.
CENTRIFUGALADVANCE:A mechanicalmethodof advancingthe spark
timingby usingflyweightsin thedistributorthatreactto centrifugalforcegen-
eratedby thedistributorshaftrotation.
CHECKVALVE:Anyone-wayvalveinstalledto permittheflow of air, fuel or
vacuumin onedirectiononly.
CHOKE:Thevalve/platethatrestrictstheamountof air enteringanengineon
the inductionstroke,therebyenrichingtheair:fuelratio.
CIRCUIT:Any unbrokenpaththroughwhichan electricalcurrentcanflow.
Also usedto describefuel flow in someinstances.
CIRCUIT BREAKER:A switch which protectsan electricalcircuit from
overloadby openingthe circuit when the currentflow exceedsa pre-
determinedlevel.Somecircuitbreakersmustbe resetmanually,while most
resetautomatically.
COIL (IGNITION):Partof the ignitionsystemthatbooststhe relativelylow
voltagesuppliedby thecar’selectricalsystemto thehighvoltagerequiredto
fire thesparkplugs.
11-18 GLOSSARY
COMBINATIONMANIFOLD:An assemblywhichincludesboththe intake
andexhaustmanifoldsin onecasting.
COMBINATIONVALVE:A deviceusedin somefuelsystemsthatroutesfuel
vaporsto a charcoalstoragecanisterinsteadof ventingthemintotheatmos-
phere.Thevalverelievesfuel tankpressureandallowsfreshair intothetank
as thefuel leveldropsto preventa vaporlocksituation.
COMPRESSIONRATIO:The ratio of the volumebetweenthe pistonand
cylinderheadwhenthepistonis at thebottomof its stroke(bottomdeadcen-
ter) andwhenthepistonis at thetop of its stroke(topdeadcenter).
CONDENSER: 1.An electricaldevicewhichactsto storeanelectricalcharge,
preventingvoltagesurges.2. A radiator-likedevicein theair conditioningsys-
temin whichrefrigerantgascondensesintoa liquid,givingoff heat.
CONDUCTOR: Anymaterialthroughwhichanelectricalcurrentcanbetrans-
mittedeasily.
CONTINUITY:Continuousor completecircuit.Canbecheckedwithanohm-
meter.
COUNTERSHAFT: An intermediateshaftwhichis rotatedby a mainshaftand
transmits,in turn,thatrotationto a workingpart.
CRANKCASE: Thelowerpartof an enginein whichthe crankshaftandre-
latedpartsoperate.
CRANKSHAFT: Enginecomponent (connected
to pistonsbyconnecting
rods)
whichconvertsthe reciprocating(up anddown)motionof pistonsto rotary
motionusedto turnthedriveshaft.
CYLINDER:In an engine,the roundhole in the engineblockin whichthe
piston(s)ride.
CYLINDERBLOCK:Themainstructuralmemberof an enginein whichis
foundthecylinders,crankshaftandotherprincipleparts.
DEADCENTER:Theextremetop or bottomof the pistonstroke.
DETONATION:An unwantedexplosionof the air/fuelmixturein the com-
bustionchambercausedby excessheatandcompression, advancedtiming,
or an overlyleanmixture.Alsoreferredto as “ping”.
DIAPHRAGM:A thin,flexiblewall separating
two cavities,suchas in a vac-
uumadvanceunit.
c
DIESELING:Theenginecontinuesto runafterthecar is shutoff; causedby
fuel continuingto be burnedin thecombustionchamber.
DIFFERENTIAL:A gearedassemblywhichallowsthe transmissionof mo-
tion betweendriveaxles,givingoneaxlethe ability to rotatefasterthanthe
other,as in cornering.
DIODE:An electricaldevicethatwill allow currentto flow in one direction
only.
DISC BRAKE:A hydraulicbrakingassemblyconsistingof a brakedisc,or
rotor,mountedon anaxleshaft,andacaliperassemblycontaining,usuallytwo
brakepadswhich are activatedby hydraulicpressure.The padsare forced
againstthesidesof thedisc,creatingfrictionwhichslowsthevehicle.
DISTRIBUTOR:A mechanicallydrivendeviceon an enginewhich is re-
sponsiblefor electricallyfiringthesparkplugat a pre-determined
pointof the
pistonstroke.
DOWELPIN: A pin, insertedin matingholesin two differentpartsallowing
thosepartsto maintaina fixedrelationship. .
DRUM BRAKE:A brakingsystemwhichconsistsof two brakeshoesandone
or two wheelcylinders,mountedon a fixedbackingplate,anda brakedrum,
mountedon an axle,whichrevolvesaroundtheassembly.
ELECTRONIC CONTROLUNIT(ECU):A diqitalcomputerthatcontrolsen-
gine(andsometimestransmission‘, brakeor othervehiclesystem)functions
basedon datareceivedfromvarioussensors.Examplesusedby someman-
ufacturersincludeElectronicBrakeControlModule(EBCM),EngineControl
Module(ECM),PowertrainControlModule(PCM)or VehicleControlMod-
ule (VCM).
ELECTRONICIGNITION:A systemin whichthe timingand‘firingof the
sparkplugsis controlledby an electroniccontrolunit,usuallycalleda mod-
ule.Thesesystemshaveno pointsor condenser,
END-PLAY:Theclearance/gap betweentwo components thatallowsfor ex-
pansionof the partsas theywarmup,to preventbindingandto allowspace
for lubrication.
ENGINE:Theprimarymotoror powerapparatusof a vehicle,whichconverts
liquidor gasfuel into mechanical
energy.
EXHAUSTMANIFOLD:A setof castpassagesor pipeswhichconductex-
haustgasesfromtheengine.
FEELERGAUGE:A blade,usuallymetal,of preciselypredetermined
thick-
ness,usedto measuretheclearancebetweentwo parts.
FIRING ORDER:The order in which combustionoccursin the cylinders
of an engine.Alsotheorderin whichsparkis distributedto theplugsby the
distributor.
FLOODING:Thepresenceof too muchfuel in the intakemanifoldandcom-
bustionchamberwhichpreventstheair/fuelmixturefromfiring,therebycaus-
ing a no-startsituation.
FLYWHEEL:A heavydisc of metalattachedto the rearof the crankshaft.It
smoothesthefiring impulsesof theengineandkeepsthecrankshaftturning
duringperiodswhenno firing takesplace.Thestarteralso engagesthe fly-
wheelto starttheengine.
FOOTPOUND(ft. Ibs. or sometimes, ft. lb.): Theamountof energyor
work neededto raisean itemweighingonepound,a distanceof onefoot.
FUSE:A protectivedeviceina circuitwhichpreventscircuitoverloadbybreak-
ingthecircuitwhena specificamperage is present.Thedeviceis constructed
arounda stripor wireof a loweramperage ratingthanthecircuitit is designed
to protect.Whenanamperage higherthanthatstampedonthefuseis present
in thecircuit,thestrip or wire melts,openingthecircuit.
GEARRATIO:A ratio expressingthe numberof turnsa smallergearwill
maketo turna largergearthroughonerevolution.Theratio is foundby di-
vidingthenumberof teethon thesmallergearintothenumberof teethonthe
largergear.

GENERATOR:A devicewhich producesdirectcurrent(DC) necessaryto
chargethe battery.
HEATRANGE:A termusedto describetheability of a sparkplugto carry
awayheat.Plugswith longernosedinsulatorstakelongerto carry heatoff
effectively.
HUB:Thecenterpartof a wheelor gear.
HYDROCARBON(HC): Any chemicalcompoundmadeup of hydrogen
and carbon.A majorpollutantformedby the engineas a by-productof
combustion.
HYDROMETER:
An instrument
usedto measurethespecificgravityof a so-
lution.
INCH POUND(inch Ibs.; sometimes in. lb. or in. Ibs.): Onetwelfth
of a foot pound. .
INDUCTION:A meansof transferringelectricalenergyin theformof a mag-
neticfield. Principleusedin the ignitioncoil to increasevoltage.
INJECTOR:A devicewhichreceivesmeteredfuel underrelativelylow pres-
sureand is activatedto injectthe fuel into the engineunderrelativelyhigh
pressureat a predeterminedtime.
INPUTSHAFT:Theshaftto whichtorqueis applied,usuallycarryingthedri-
ving gearor gears.
INTAKEMANIFOLD:A castingof passagesor pipesusedto conductair or
a fuel/airmixtureto thecylinders.
JOURNAL:Thebearingsurfacewithinwhicha shaftoperates.
KEY:A smallblockusuallyfittedin a notchbetweena shaftanda hubto pre-
ventslippageof thetwo parts.
MANIFOLD:A castingof passagesor setof pipeswhichconnectthe cylin-
dersto an inletor outletsource.
MASTERCYLINDER:Theprimaryfluid pressurizingdevicein a hydraulic
system.In automotiveuse,it is foundin brakeandhydraulicclutchsystems
andis pedalactivated,eitherdirectlyor, in a powerbrakesystem,throughthe
powerbooster.
MODULE:Electroniccontrolunit,amplifieror igniterof solid stateor inte-
grateddesignwhichcontrolsthe currentflow in the ignitionprimarycircuit
basedon inputfromthepick-upcoil.Whenthemoduleopenstheprimarycir-
cuit, highsecondaryvoltageis inducedin thecoil.
NEEDLEBEARING:A bearingwhichconsistsof a number(usuallya large
number)of long,thin rollers.
OHM:Theunitusedto measuretheresistance of conductor-to-electrical
flow.
Oneohmis theamountof resistancethatlimitscurrentflow to oneamperein
a circuitwith onevolt of pressure.
OHMMETER:An instrumentusedfor measuringtheresistance,in ohms,in
an electricalcircuit.
OUTPUTSHAFT:Theshaftwhichtransmitstorquefroma device,suchas a
transmission.
GLOSSARY1149
OVERHEADCAMSHAFT(OHC): An engineconfigurationin which the
camshaftis mountedon top of thecylinderheadandoperatesthevalveeither
directlyor by meansof rockerarms.
OVERHEADVALVE (OHV): An engineconfigurationin which all of the
valvesarelocatedin thecylinderheadandthecamshaftis locatedin thecylin-
derblock.Thecamshaftoperatesthevalvesvia liftersandpushrods.
OXIDESOFNITROGEN(NOx): Chemicalcompounds of nitrogenproduced
as a byproductof combustion.Theycombinewith hydrocarbonsto produce
smog.
OXYGENSENSOR:Usedwith a feedbacksystemto sensethe presenceof
oxygenin theexhaustgasandsignalthecomputerwhichcanusethevoltage
signalto determineengineoperatingefficiencyandadjusttheair/fuelratio.
PINION:Thesmallerof two gears.Therearaxle piniondrivesthe ring gear
whichtransmitsmotionto theaxleshafts.
PISTONRING:An open-ended ringwhichfits intoa grooveon theouterdi-
ameterof thepiston.Itschieffunctionis to forma sealbetweenthepistonand
cylinderwall. Mostautomotivepistonshavethreerings:two for compression
sealing;onefor oil sealing.
PRELOAD:A predetermined
loadplacedona bearingduringassemblyor by
adjustment.
PRESSFIT: Thematingof two partsunderpressure,dueto theinnerdiam-
eterof onebeingsmallerthanthe outerdiameterof the other,or vice versa;
an interference
fit.
PRIMARYCIRCUIT:Thelowvoltagesideof theignitionsystemwhichcon-
sists of the ignitionswitch,ballastresistoror resistancewire, bypass,coil,
electroniccontrolunit andpick-upcoil as well as the connectingwires and
harnesses.
RACE:Thesurfaceon theinneror otiterringof a bearingonwhichtheballs,
needlesor rollersmove.
REGULATOR:A devicewhichmaintainstheamperage
and/orvoltagelevels
of a circuitat predetermined
values.
RELAY:A switchwhichautomatically
opensand/orclosesa circuit.
RESISTANCE: Theoppositionto theflow of currentthrougha circuitor elec-
tricaldevice,andis measuredin ohms.Resistance is equalto thevoltagedi-
videdby theamperage.
RESISTOR:A device,usuallymadeof wire,whichoffersa presetamountof
resistancein an electricalcircuit.
RINGGEAR:Thenamegivento a ring-shapedgearattachedto a differential
case,or affixedto a flywheelor as partof a planetarygearset.
ROLLERBEARING:A bearingmadeup of hardenedinnerandouterraces
betweenwhichhardenedsteelrollersmove.
ROTOR:(1.)Thedisc-shapedpartof a discbrakeassembly,uponwhichthe
brakepadsbear;alsocalled,brakedisc.(2.)Thedevicemountedatopthedis-
tributorshaft,whichpassescurrentto thedistributorcaptowercontacts.
II-20 GLOSSARY
SECONDARYCIRCUIT:Thehighvoltagesideof the ignitionsystem,usu-
ally above20,000volts. Thesecondaryincludesthe ignitioncoil, coil wire,
distributorcapandrotor,sparkplugwiresandsparkplugs.
SENDINGUNIT: A mechanical, electrical,hydraulicor electromagnetic
de-
vicewhichtransmitsinformationto a gauge.
SENSOR:Any devicedesignedto measureengineoperatingconditionsor
ambientpressures andtemperatures.Usuallyelectronicin natureanddesigned
to senda voltagesignalto an on-boardcomputer,somesensorsmayoper-
ateas a simpleon/off switchor they mayprovidea variablevoltagesignal
(like a potentiometer)
as conditionsor measuredparameters change.
SHIM: Spacersof precise,predetermined
thicknessusedbetweenpartsto es-
tablisha properworkingrelationship.
SLAVECYLINDER:In automotiveuse,a devicein thehydraulicclutchsys-
temwhichis activatedby hydraulicforce,disengaging
theclutch.
SOLENOID:An electricallyoperated,magneticswitchingdevice.
SPARKPLUG:A devicescrewedintothecombustion chamberof a sparkig-
nitionengine.Thebasicconstructionis a conductivecoreinsideof a ceramic
insulator,mountedin an outerconductivebase.An electricalchargefromthe
sparkplugwire travelsalongtheconductivecoreandjumpsa presetair gap
to a groundingpointor pointsat the endof the conductivebase.Theresul-
tantsparkignitesthefuel/airmixturein thecombustionchamber.
SPLINES:Ridgesmachinedor castontotheouterdiameterof a shaftor in-
nerdiameterof a boreto enablepartsto matewithoutrotation.
TACHOMETER:A deviceusedto measurethe rotaryspeedof an engine,
shaft,gear,etc.,usuallyin rotationsperminute.
THERMOSTAT:A valve,locatedin the coolingsystemof an engine,which
is closedwhencoldandopensgraduallyin responseto engineheating,con-
trollingthetemperature
of thecoolantandrateof coolantflow.
TOP DEADCENTER(TDC): Thepointat whichthe pistonreachesthetop
of its travelon thecompression
stroke.
TORQUE:Measurement
of turningor twistingforce,expressed
asfoot-pounds
or inch-pounds.
TORQUECONVERTER:A turbineusedto transmitpowerfrom a driving
memberto a drivenmembervia hydraulicaction,providingchangesin drive
ratioandtorque.In automotiveuse,it linksthedriveplateat therearof theen-
gineto theautomatictransmission.
TRANSDUCER:A devicethatchangesenergyfromoneformto another.For
example,a transducerin a microphonechangessoundenergyto electricalen-
ergy.In automotiveair-conditioningcontrolsusedin automatictemperature
systems,a transducerchangesan electricalsignalto a vacuumsignal,which
operatesmechanicaldoors.
TRANSISTOR:A semi-conductor componentwhichcan be actuatedby a
smallvoltageto performan electricalswitchingfunction.
TUNE-UP:A regularmaintenance function,usuallyassociatedwith the re-
placementandadjustment of partsandcomponents in theelectricalandfuel
systemsof a vehiclefor thepurposeof attainingoptimumperformance.
TURBOCHARGER: An exhaustdrivenpumpwhich compressesintakeair
andforcesit intothecombustionchambersat higherthanatmosphericpres-
sures Theincreasedair pressureallowsmorefuel to be burnedandresults
in increasedhorsepowerbeingproduced.
.
VACUUMADVANCE:A devicewhichadvancesthe ignitiontiming in re-
sponseto increasedenginevacuum.
VACUUMGAUGE:An instrumentusedfor measuringthe existingvacuum
in a vacuumcircuitor chamber.Theunitof measureis inches(of mercuryin
a barometer).
VALVE:Devicesthatcanopenor closefluid passagesin a hydraulicsystem
andareusedfor directingfluid flow andcontrollingpressure.
VALVECLEARANCE: Themeasured gapbetweentheendof thevalvestem
andthe rockerarm,camlobeor followerthatactivatesthevalve.
VISCOSITY:Theabilityof a fluid to flow. Thelowertheviscosityrating,the
easierthefluid will flow. 10 weightmotoroil will flow mucheasierthan40
weightmotoroil.
VOLTMETER:An instrumentusedfor measuringelectricalforce in units
calledvolts. Voltmetersare alwaysconnectedparallelwith the circuitbeing
tested.
WHEELCYLINDER:Foundin the automotivedrumbrakeassembly,it is a
device,actuatedbyhydraulicpressure,
which,throughinternalpistons,pushes
thebrakeshoesoutwardagainstthedrums.
ADJUSTMENTS2-3
ADJUSTMENTS2-5
ADJUSTMENTS7-2
AIR BAG(SUPPLEMENTALRESTRAINTSYSTEM) 6-7
AIRCONDITIONING COMPONENTS6-11
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION6-11
AIRCLEANER(ELEMENT) I-14
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION I-14
AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM 1-28
ALLWHEELDRIVEMODELS l-44
ALTERNATOR2-8
ALTERNATORPRECAUTIONS 2-8
ANTENNA IO-4
REPLACEMENT IO-4
ANTI-LOCKBRAKESYSTEM 9-24
ANTI-LOCKCONTROL UNIT 9-27
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-27
AUTOMATICTRANSAXLEASSEMBLY 7-10
ADJUSTMENTS7-13
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 7-10
AUTOMATICTRANSAXLE 7-10
AUTOMATICTRANSAXLE l-36
DRAIN&REFILL l-36
FLUIDRECOMMENDATIONS l-36
LEVELCHECKl-36
PAN&FILTER SERVICEl-36
AVOIDINGTHEMOSTCOMMON MISTAKESl-2
AVOIDINGTROUBLE l-2
AXLEHOUSING ASSEMBLY7-16
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 7-16
BACK-UPLIGHTSWITCH 7-2
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION7-2
BALANCE SHAFT 3-54
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-54
BASICELECTRICAL THEORY 6-2
HOWDOESELECTRlClTYWORK:THEWATERANALOGY 6-2
OHM'SLAW 6-2
BASICFUELSYSTEMDIAGNOSIS 5-2
BASICOPERATING PRINCIPLES9-2
DISCBRAKES9-2
DRUMBRAKES9-2 .
POWER BOOSTERS9-2
BATTERYCABLES 6-7
BATTERYI-16
BATTERYFLUIDI-16
CABLES I-17
CHARGING I-18
GENERALMAINTENANCE I-16
PRECAUTIONS1-16
REPLACEMENTI-18
BELTS I-18
ADJUSTMENTI-18
INSPECTIONI-18
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION1-18
BLEEDINGBRAKESYSTEM9-7
BLEEDINGTHEABSSYSTEM 9-30
BLOWERMOTOR6-7
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION6-7
BODYLUBRICATIONANDMAINTENANCE l-43
BOLTS,NUTSANDOTHERTHREADED RETAINERSl-6
BRAKECALIPER9-11
OVERHAUL9-12
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-11
BRAKEDISC(ROTOR) 9-13 1
INSPECTION9-14
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION9-13
BRAKEDRUMS9-16
INSPECTION9-16
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION. 9-16
BRAKEHOSESAND LINES 9-6
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 9-6
BRAKELIGHTSWITCH 9-3
11-22 MASTERINDEX
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 9-3
BRAKEMASTERCYLINDER I-41
FLUIDRECOMMENDATIONS 1-41
LEVELCHECKI-41
BRAKEOPERATINGSYSTEM B-2
BRAKEPADS9-8
INSPECTION9-11
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-8
BRAKESHOES9-16
ADJUSTMENTS9-18
INSPECTION9-16
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 9-17
BRAKESHOES9-23
ADJUSTMENT9-24
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-23
BUYORREBUILD?3-57
CABLE(S) 9-20
ADJUSTMENT9-22
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-20
CAMSHAFT POSITIONSENSOR 4-14
OPERATION4-14
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION4-14
TESTING4-14
CAMSHAFT, BEARINGSAND LIFTERS3-48
INSPECTION3-53
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-48
CENTERBEARING 7-15
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION7-15
CHARGINGSYSTEM 2-8
CHASSISGREASING l-43
CARWASHING 1-43
INTERIOR
CLEANINGl-44
WAXING l-43
CIRCUITBREAKERS6-28
CIRCUITPROTECTION 6-27
CLEARINGCODES 4-27
CLEARINGCODES 4-28
WITHASCANTOOL4-28
WITHOUTASCANTOOL4-28
CLUTCHCABLE 7-9
ADJUSTMENT7-9
REMOVAL ANDINSTALLATION7-9
CLUTCHMASTER CYLINDER7-9
REMOVALANDINSTALLATION 7-9
CLUTCHSLAVECYLINDER 7-9
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMBLEEDING7-9
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION7-9
CLUTCH 7-7
CLUTCHMASTERCYLINDER l-42
FLUIDRECOMMENDATIONS l-42
LEVELCHECKl-42
COMBINATION SWITCH 8-29
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION8-29
COMPONENTLOCATIONS 4-16
CONTROL CABLES 6-12
ADJUSTMENT6-12
CONTROL PANEL 6-12
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 6-12
COOLINGSYSTEMl-39
DRAIN&REFILL I-40
FLUIDRECOMMENDATIONS l-39
FLUSHINGANDCLEANING THESYST
LEVELCHECKl-39
TESTINGFORLEAKS l-39
CRANKCASEVENTILATIONSYSTEM 4-2
COMPONENTTESTING 4-2
OPERATION4-2
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION4-2
CRANKSHAFTDAMPER 3-36
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION3-36
CRANKSHAFTANDCAMSHAFTPOSITIONSENSORS 2-7
CRANKSHAFTANDCAMSHAFTPOSITIONSENSORS 2-5
CRANKSHAFTPOSlTlONSENSOR/CRANKANGLESENSOR 4-14
OPERATION4-14
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-15
TESTING4-15
' CRUISECONTROL 6-13
CV-BOOTSI-21
INSPECTIONI-21
CYLINDER HEAD 3-23
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-23
CYLINDER HEAD 3-60
DETERMINIG ENGINE CONDITION3-57
COMPRESSION TEST 3-57
OILPRESSURETEST 3-57
DIAGNOSISANDTESTING 9-24
DIAGNOSISANDTESTING 2-2
DIAGNOSISANDTESTING 2-5
DIAGNOSTICTROUBLECODES 4-27
DIAGNOSTICTROUBLECODES 4-28
FLASHOUTCODELIST4-32
DIMMERSWITCH 6-19
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION6-19
DISCBRAKES 9-8
DISCONNECTING THECABLES 6-7
DISTRIBUTORIGNITIONSYSTEM 2-2 f
DISTRIBUTOR2-4
INSTALLATION2-4
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-4
DISTRIBUTORCAPANDROTOR l-25
INSPECTIONl-25
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION l-25
DISTRIBUTORLESS IGNITIONSYSTEM 2-5
DO'S l-4
DON'TS l-6
DOORGLASSANDREGULATOR lo-10
REMOVAL &INSTALLATIONIO-IO
DOORHANDLE/LATCHASSEMBLY IO-IO
REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-IO
DOORLOCKCYLINDER IO-IO
REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-IO
DOORPANELS IO-7
REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-7
DOORS IO-2
REMOVAL &INSTALLATIONIO-2
DRlVEAXLE(AWD GALANTONLY)l-10
DRIVELINE 7-14
DRIVENDISCANDPRESSURE PLATE 7-7
DRIVESHAFTAND U-JOINTS 7-14
DRIVESHAFT BALANCING7-15
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION7-14
U-JOINTREPLACEMENT 7-14
DRUM BRAKES 9-15
ELECTRICWINDOW MOTOR IO-IO
REMOVAL &INSTALLATIONIO-IO
ELECTRICALCOMPONENTS 6-2
CONNECTORS6-4
GROUND 6-3
LOAD 6-3
POWERSOURCE 6-2
EM-41 PROTECTIVE DEVICES6-3
SWITCHES&RELAYS6-3
WIRING& HARNESSES6-3
ELECTRONICENGINECONTROLS 4-7
EMISSIONCONTROLS 4-2
ENGINEBLOCK 3-65
ASSEMBLY3-67
DISASSEMBLY3-65
 MASTERINDEX 11-23
GENERALINFORMAITON 3-65 FRONTWHEELDRIVEMODELS 1-44
INSPECTION3-65 FUELANDENGINEOILRECOMMENDATIONS 1-33
REFINISHING3-67 ENGINEOILl-33
ENGINEFAN 3-19 FUEL 1-33
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-19 OPERATION INFOREIGN COUNTRIES1-33
ENGINEMECHANICAL 3-1 FUELLINEFITTINGS 5-2
ENGINEOVERHAUL TIPS 3-58 REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 5-2
CLEANING3-58 FUELRAILANDINJECTORS(S)5-4
OVERHAUL TIPS 3-58 REMOVAL &INSTALLATION5-4
REPAIRING DAMAGEDTHREADS 3-59 TESTING 5-8
TOOLS 3-58 FUELSYSTEM SERVICEPRECAUTIONS5-3
ENGINEPREPARATION 3-59 FUELFILTER1-15
ASSEMBLY3-64 REMOVAL&INSTALLATION l-15
DISASSEMBLY3-60 FUELLINESAND FITTINGS 5-2
INSPECTION3- FUELPRESSUREREGULATOR 5-9
REFINISHING & REPAIRING3-63 REMOVAL & INSTALLATION5-9
ENGINERECONDITIONING3-57 FUELTANK 5-10
ENGINESTART-UP ANDBREAK-IN3-69 FUSES 6-27
BREAKING IT IN 3-69 REPLACEMENT 6-27
KEEPIT MAINTAINED3-69 FUSIBLELINKS 6-27 #
STARTING THEENGINE 3-69 RESETTING AND/ORREPLACEMENT 6-28
ENGINE 'l-33 GAUGES6-18
OIL& FILTER CHANGE 1-34 REMOVAL & INSTALLATION6-18
OILLEVELCHECK1-33 GENERAL INFORMATION5-3
ENGINE 3-1 GENERAL INFORMATION6-7
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 3-l DISARMING6-7
ENGlNECONTROLUNIT/POWERTRAINCONTROLMODULE(ECU/PCM) REARMING6-7
4-7 SERVICE PRECAUTIONS6-7
OPERATION4-7 GENERAL INFORMATION9-24
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-7 PRECAUTIONS9-24
ENGINECOOLANTTEMPERATURESENSOR 4-10 GENERALINFORMATION 2-10
OPERATION4-10 GENERALINFORMATION 2-2
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-10 CYLINDER DROPTEST2-2
TESTING 4-10 SECONDARYSPARKTEST 2-2
ENGINECOOLANTTEMPERATURESENDING UNIT 2-11 GENERALINFORMATION 2-5
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-11 GENERALINFORMATION 2-8
TESTING 2-11 REMOVAL &INSTALLATION2-9'
ENGINEIDENTIFICATION NUMBER l-10 TESTING2-8
ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEMS 6-14 GENERALINFORMATION 4-26
EVAPORATIVECANISTER I-16 CHECKENGlNE/MALFUNCTlONlNDlCATOR LIGHT 4-26
SERVICE PRECAUTIONS 4-26
EVAPORATIVEEMISSIONCONTROLS
SERVICING1-16 4-2 ' GENERALINFORMATION 4-27
COMPONENTTESTING 4-3 G-SENSOR9-29
OPERATION4-2 REMOVAL &INSTALLATION9-29
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-4 HALFSHAFTS7-13
EXHAUST MANIFOLD 3-14 HALFSHAFTS7-3
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-14 CV-JOINTSOVERHAUL7-5
EXHAUSTSYSTEM 3-55 REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 7-3
EXHAUSTGASRECIRCULATION SYSTEM 4-5 HATCH/TAILGATE/TRUNKLID LOCKCYLINDERlo-10
COMPONENTTESTING 4-5 REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-IO
OPERATION4-5 HATCH IO-3
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-6 ALIGNMENTIO-3
EXTERIOR 1O-2 REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-3
FASTENERS,MEASUREMENTS AND CONVERSIONS1-6 HEADLIGHT SWITCH 6-19
. FENDERS 10-4 REMOVAL 81INSTALLATION6-19
REMOVAL &INSTALLATIONIO-4 HEADLIGHTS6-19
FIRINGORDERS 2-7 AIMINGTHEHEADLIGHTS6-20
FLASHERS6-28 REMOVAL&INSTALLATION6-19
REPLACEMENT 6-28 HEATER CORE 6-9
FLOORCONSOLEIO-6 REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 6-9
REMOVAL&INSTALLATIONIO-6 1 HEATINGAND AIR CONDITIONING 6-7
FLUIDPAN 7-10 HOOD IO-2
FLUIDDISPOSAL1-33 ALIGNMENTIO-3
FLUIDSAND LUBRICANTS 1-33 REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-2
FLYWHEEVDRIVEPLATE 3-55 HOSES I-20
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-55 INSPECTIONI-20
FRONTCRANKSHAFT SEAL 3-48 REMOVAL&INSTALLATION I-21
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-48 HOWTO USETHIS BOOK 1-2
FRONTSUSPENSION 8-4 HUB& BEARINGS8-25

II-24 MASTERINDEX
ADJUSTMENT8-25
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION8-25
HYDRAULICCONTROL UNIT 9-25
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-25
IDLEAIRCONTROLMOTOR 4-9
OPERATION4-9
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-9
TESTING 4-9
IDLESPEED1-28
PREVENTIVEMAINTENANCE 1-28
SYSTEMINSPECTION1-29
SYSTEMSERVlCE&REPAlR 1-28
IGNITION
LOCKCYLINDER8-29
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-29
IGNITION
SWITCH 8-30
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-30
IGNITION
COIL(s) 2-5
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-6
TESTING. 2-5
IGNITION
COIL 2-3
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-3
TESTING 2-3
IGNITION
TIMING l-25
GENERALINFORAMTION l-25
INSPECTION&ADJUSTMENT l-26
INSIDEREARVIEWMIRROR IO-IO
REPLACEMENTIO-IO
INSPECTION3-55
REPLACEMENT 3-56
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER6-17
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 6-I;
INSTRUMENTPANEL IO-6
REMOVAL &INSTALLATIONIO-6
INSTRUMENTSAND SWITCHES 6-17
INTAKEMANIFOLD 3-7
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION3-7
INTAKEAIRTEMPERATURESENSOR 4-10
OPERATION4-10
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-11
TESTING 4-11
INTERIOR 1O-6
JACKING I-46
. JACKINGPRECAUTIONS 1-47
JUMP STARTINGA DEADBATTERY 1-44
JUMPSTARTING PRECAUTIONSl-45
JUMPSTARTING PROCEDUREl-45
KNUCKLE,HUB, ANDBEARING8-13
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION8-13
LIGHTING 6-19
LOWER BALLJOINT 8-10
INSPECTION8-10
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-10
LOWER CONTROLARM8-10
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 8-10
LOWER CONTROL ARMS 8-23
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-23
MACPHERSONSTRUTAND COILSPRING8-7
OVERHAUL8-7
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-7
MAINTENANCEORREPAIR? l-2
MANIFOLDABSOLUTEPRESSURESENSOR
OPERATION4-12
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-13
TESTING 4-12
MANUALRACKANDPINIONSTEERING
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-31
MANUALTRANSAXLEASSEMBLY 7-2
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. 7-2
MANUALTRANSAXLE 7-2
l
MANUALTRANSAXLE l-35
DRAIN&REFILL l-36
FLUIDRECOMMENDATIONS l-35
LEVELCHECK l-35
MASSAIRFLOWSENSOR 4-11
OPERATION4-11
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-11
TESTING 4-11
MASTER CYLINDER9-3
BRAKEPEDALADJUSTMENTS 9-4
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-3
MULTI-POINTFUELINJECTIONSYSTEM(MPI) 5-3
DBD-1 TROUBLECODES 4-26
OBD-IITROUBLECODES 4-27
OILPAN 3-30
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-30
OILPUMP 3-33
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-33
OILPRESSURESENDING UNIT 2-12@T
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-1.2
TESTING2-12
OUTSIDE MIRRORS IO-3
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION IO-3
OXYGENSENSOR 4-8
OPERATION4-8
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-8
TESTING4-8
PARK/NEUTRAL POSITIONSWITCH7-10
ADJUSTMENT7-10
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION7-10
PARKINGBRAKE 9-20
PCVVALVE l-15
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION I-15
PINIONSEAL 7-16
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION7-16
POWER BRAKEBOOSTER 9-5
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION9-5
POWER RACKANDPINIONSTEERING GEAR 8-32
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION8-32
POWERSEATMOTOR IO-11
REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-11
POWER STEERING PUMP 8-34
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-34
SYSTEMBLEEDING8-36
POWER TRANSlSTOR(IGNITION MODULE) 2-7
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-7
POWERSTEERING PUMP l-42
FLUIDRECOMMENDATIONS l-42
LEVELCHECKl-42
POWER TRANSlSTOR(IgnitionModule) 2-4
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-4
PRESSURERELIEFVALVE 5-9
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 5-9
PROPORTIONING VALVE 9-6
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-6 *
RADIATOR3-18
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION3-18
RADIORECEIVER/AMPLIFIER/TAPE PLAYER/CDPLAYER 6-14
READINGCODES 4-26
WITHASCANTOOL4-26
4-12 WITHOUTASCANTOOL4-27
READINGCODES 4-27
WITHASCANTOOL4-27
WITHOUTASCANTOOL4-27
GEAR 8-31 REARAXLEDIFFERENTIAL 7-15
REARHALFSHAFTAND SEAL 7-15
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 7-15
REARMAINSEAL 3-54
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-54

REAROUTPUTSHAFTSEAL 7-14
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION7-14
REARSUSPENSION 8-18
REARWINDOW WIPERSWITCH 6-19
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 6-19
REARDRlVEAXLE(AWDGALANTONLY)
DRAIN&REFILL 1-38
FLUIDRECOMMENDATIONS 1-38
LEVELCHECKl-38
REGULATOR2-10
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-10
RELIEVING
FUELSYSTEM PRESSURE5-3
ROCKERARM(VALVE)COVER 3-1
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-1
ROCKER ARM/SHAFTS3-4
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-4
ROUTINEMAINTENANCEAND TUNE-UP 1-14
SEATS IO-IO
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION IO-IO
SENDINGUNITS 2-11
SERIALNUMBERIDENTIFICATION l-10
SERVICINGYOURVEHICLESAFELY I-4
SHOCKABSORBERAND COILSPRING8-8
OVERHAUL8-9
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 8-8
SIGNALANDMARKER LIGHTS 6-21
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION6-21
SPARKPLUG WIRES 1-24
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 1-24
TESTING 1-24
SPARKPLUGSl-22
INSPECTION&GAPPING l-23
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 1-22
SPARKPLUGHEATRANGE 1-22
SPEAKERS6-14
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION6-14
SPECIALTOOLS1-4
SPEEDSENSORS9-28
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-28
STANDARDANDMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
STARTER2-10
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 2-11
TESTING 2-10
STARTINGSYSTEM 2-10
STEERINGLINKAGE8-30
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION8-30
STEERINGWHEEL 8-27
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION8-27
STEERING 8-27
STRUTANDCOILSPRING 8-21
OVERHAUL8-22
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-21
STUBAXLESHAFT,BEARlNG ANDSEAL 7-15
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 7-15
SWAYBAR 8-12
REMOVAL 8, INSTALLATION8-12
SWAYBAR 8-25
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 8-25
TAILGATE/HATCH HANDLE lo-19
REMOVAL &INSTALLATIONlo-10
TAILGATEIO-3
ALIGNMENTIO-3
REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-3
TANKASSEMBLY5-10
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 5-10
TESTEQUIPMENT6-4
JUMPERWIRES 6-4
MULTIMETERS6-5
TESTLIGHTS 6-4
MASTERINDEX 11-25 -
TESTING 6-5
' THERMOSTAT3-7
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-7
THROTTLEBODY 5-3
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION5-3
l-38 THROTTLEPOSITIONSENSOR 4-13
OPERATION4-13
, REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 4-13
TESTING4-13
TIMINGCOVERAND BELT 3-36
INSPECTION3-48
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-36
TIMINGBELTS l-20
INSPECTIONI-20
TIRESANDWHEELSI-30
CAREOFSPECIALWHEELS l-32
INFLATION& INSPECTIONI-31
TIREDESIGN I-31
TIREROTATIONI-30
TIRESTORAGEI-31
TONE(EXCITER)RING 9-29
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION9-29
TOOLSAND EQUIPMENT 1-2
TORQUE1-7
TORQUEANGLEMETERS l-9
TORQUEWRENCHES l-7
TOWINGTHE VEHICLE 1-44
TRAININGARM 8-24
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-24
TRANSAXLEIDENTIFICATION I-10
TRANSFER CASEASSEMBLY7-14
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION7-14
TRANSFERCASE 7-14
TRANSFERCASE(AWD GALANTONLY) 1-38
DRAIN&REFILL 1-38
FLUIDRECOMMENDATIONS 1-38
LEVELCHECK1-38
TRANSFERCASE(AWDGALANTONLY) I-10
TROUBLESHOOTING ELECTRICALSYSTEMS 6-5
l-9 OPENCIRCUITS 6-5
RESISTANCE6-8
SHORTCIRCUITS 6-6
VOLTAGEDROP6-6
VOLTAGE6-6
TRUNKLID IO-3
ALIGNMENTIO-3
REMOVAL & INSTALLATIONIO-3
TURBOCHARGER 3-17
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION3-17
UNDERSTANDING AND TROUBLESHOOTING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS 6-2
UNDERSTANDINGTHEAUTOMATICTRANSAXLE 7-10
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION7-10
UNDERSTANDINGTHECLUTCH 7-7
ADJUSTMENTS7-8
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION 7-7
UNDERSTANDINGTHE MANUALTRANSAXLE 7-2
SHIFTLINKAGE 7-2
UPPERBALLJOINT 8-9
INSPECTION8-9
REMOVAL &INSTALLATION8-9
i'
UPPERCONTROLARM8-10
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-10
UPPERCONTROL ARMS 8-22
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION8-22
VACUUMDIAGRAMS 4-36
VALVELASH 1-27
ADJUSTMENT1-27
VEHICLEIDENTIFICATIONNUMBER I-10
11-26 MASTERINDEX
WATERPUMP 3-20 WHERETOBEGIN 1-2
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION
3-20 WINDSHIELD
WASHER PUMP 6-17
WHEELALIGNMENT8-16 REMOVAL& INSTALLATION6-17
CAMBER 8-17 WINDSHIELD
WIPERBLADEANDARM 6-15
CASTER 8-16 REMOVAL& INSTALLATION6-15
TOE 8-17 . WINDSHIELD
WIPERMOTOR 6-16
WHEELASSEMBLY8-2 ' REMOVAL&INSTALLATION6-16
INSPECTION8-2 WINDSHIELD
WIPERSWITCH 6-19
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION
8-2 REMOVAL& INSTALLATION6-19
WHEELBEARINGS1-44 WINDSHIELD
WIPERSWITCH 8-29
REPACKINGl-44 REMOVAL& INSTALLATION8-29
WHEELCYLINDERS 9-19 WINDSHIELDWIPERSAND WASHERS 6-15
OVERHAUL9-19 WINDSHIELD
WIPERS l-29
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION
9-19 ELEMENT(REFILL)CARE&REPLACEMENT
1-29
WHEELLUGSTUDS 8-2 WIREANDCONNECTOR REPAIR 6-6
REMOVAL&INSTALLATION
8-2 WIRINGDIAGRAMS 6-31
WHEELS 8-2