FREUD 1.) What were his descriptions of the ID, Ego, and Superego?

Freuds ego state that includes the instincts, drives, and needs that we are born with is the: ID Freuds ego state that includes our awareness of ourselves and is a mediating agent: Ego Freuds ego state that includes our conscience and moral qualities is the: Superego 2.) What were Freuds major defense mechanisms he proposed? Repression, Regression, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, & Sublimation For Freud, the Ego defense mechanism which is essentially forgetting is called: repression Freud said that expression of a socially unacceptable impulse in socially acceptable ways is: sublimation According to Freud, rationalization, sublimation, repression, and regression are: all or mostly unconscious, ego defense mechanisms, ways the unconscious has of protecting the ego ALL OF THE ABOVE 3.) What were Freuds stages of psychosexual development? Oral stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, & Genital stage 4.) What is the implication of getting fixated at each stage in terms of personality? Freud believed that if a person were dependent as an adult, he was fixated at which stage: oral Freud believed that if a person were extremely sloppy or messy as an adult, he was probably fixated at which stage: anal According to Freud, having temper tantrums indicates one is fixated at which stage: analexpulsive Freud believed that if a person was sarcastic as an adult, it was because that person was fixed at which stage: oral According to Freud, the pleasure principle is used by the: ID

GENETIC APPROACH Thomas Bouchard started the Minnesota Twin and adoption research Thomas Bouchard and the Minnesota Center for Twin and Adoption Research calculated that the heritability for many personality characteristics is in the 40-60% range. Which of the following are included in that? Every personality characteristic except ones accent (Answer: Only B and C of the above) In the professional literature, MZ means: Monozygotic twins In the professional literature, DZ means: Dizygotic twins GALTON In class, it was indicated that Sir Francis Galton started: twin studies, adoption studies, and correlations PAUL MACLEAN Paul MacLean said that our brains developed so fast that they developed a Lethal Design Error. By this he meant: There is inadequate communication between the cerebral (reasoning) and the limbic (emotional) parts of the brain GALEN Started the classification system, we are 1 of 4 types The one who first defined choleric, melancholic, sanguine, and phlegmatic as personality temperaments as opposed to mental disorders was: Galen According to Galen, A happy person would be: sanguine A moody or depressed person would be: melancholic An irascible, irritable person would be: choleric A self-controlled, calm, cool, and collected person would be: phlegmatic HANS EYSENCK Hans Eysenck suggested three scales which he believed were the basis for all behavior, which three are they: Extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism (PEN)

BIG FIVE THEORY Includes scales for Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness or self-control: Basic Five or Big Five Theory OCEAN stands for: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism GENETIC THEORY The reason a child is not exactly like his biological parents genetically is: he gets a random sampling of his parents many genes It was pointed out in class that most reports say the brain has about: 100 billion cells, trillions of connections between cells, about 100 different transmitters of messages including neurotransmitters, hormones, and endorphins (Answer: All of the above (A, B, and C) are all true) PAVLOV The first person to do significant research in conditioning was: Pavlov The juice is the: Unconditioned Stimulus The touch on the arm is: Conditioned Stimulus When the touch on the arm alone produces salivation, this salivation is: Conditioned Response The salivation produced by the lemon juice alone: Unconditioned Response Now imagine that the salivation has been extinguished by many trials of touching but not squirting. Tomorrow, when someone touches the persons arm: the person will salivate If an animal were taught to salivate to the sound of a bell, and a bell of any pitch would cause it to salivate, this is called: generalization If a conditioned stimulus is extinguished one day, and the same conditioned stimulus used the next day, and the behavior reappears, this is called: spontaneous recovery

If an animal were taught to salivate only to a bell of a certain pitch, this is called: discrimination Pavlonian conditioning is called: classical conditioning Pavlov noticed that when a dog salivated to a bell alone, it salivated less than it salivated to food powder. WATSON He believed everything is a matter of conditioning The father of Behaviorism is: Watson B.F. SKINNER Considered the premier Psychologist in America Skinner taught his animals to push the lever by means of: shaping Operant conditioning is also known as: Instrumental Conditioning Process of reinforcement in steps with reward after accomplishment of each step: successive approximation (ex. 1st looked = pellet thru 5th lever press = pellet) Schedules of reinforcement: Every 20th time, get pellet: Fixed Ratio Schedule An average number of times, get pellet: gambling Based on time, regardless of lever presses, every 20 minutes, get pellet: Interval Schedule BANDURA A lot of conditioning takes place without our giving rewards. That is it can happen because youre motivated & thats enough to be able to do it. (Observe it, remember steps, physically able to do it, & have the motivation) Albert Bandura believed that any explanation of our behavior had to include an explanation of: the process of thinking that goes on inside the brain Banduras approach is called: observational learning

AARON BECK He believed that people maximize faults & minimize virtues. Aaron Becks approach is called: Cognitive Therapy (CT) Aaron Becks therapy emphasizes: overgeneralization of certain facts about oneself HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY Considered to be the Father of Humanistic Psychology Adler really discovered it, he expressed almost every concept 35-40 years before anyone else came up with the name Humanistic Psychology. He stressed your life goal, life plan, & apperception (misinterpretation of the past, which influences the present life). CARL ROGERS He coined unconditioned positive regard (no judgment) He believed conflict between our ideal self and our self image causes emotional problems, possibly neuroticism.

ABRAHAM MASLOW Self-actualizing people are in the process of getting (3) universal characteristics: 1. objectable view of reality 2. life goal (reason for living) 3. creative (humble, will learn from others) What is Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: 1. Physiological Needs 2. Safety 3. Belongingness 4. Self-esteem 5. Self-actualizing What are the additional needs some people have and others dont require: 1. Adventurous 2. Freedom 3. Aesthetic 4. Cognitive 5. Ethics

According to Maslow, the defining characteristic of self-actualizing people: they are the healthiest 1% emotionally