Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Four types of hadith can be identified: 1- Qudsi - Divine; 2- Marfu - elevated; 3- Mauqufstopped; 4- Maqtu' severed.
2. The words of the Quran are miraculous or inimitable (mu`jizah) while the words of the hadith qudsi are not of this nature. 3. The Quran was revealed via Angel Jibreel while the hadith qudsi may have been inspired by other ways, such as in the form of a dream or inspiration. 4. The Quran is recited in every Prayer but a hadith qudsi cannot be recited in any Prayer. 5 The Qur'an has been transmitted by numerous persons, (tawatur) but the hadith qudsi often only by a few or even one individual. There are hadith qudsi which are sahih, but also others hasan, or even da'if, while there is no doubt at all about any aya from the Qur'an. 6. One is not allowed to touch the Qur'an in the state of Janabah (post-sexual impurity), while there is no such prohibition for touching the books of Hadith Qudsi."
Marfu' - "elevated": A narration from the Prophet (pbuh), e.g. a reporter (whether a Companion, Successor or other) says, "The Messenger of Allah said ..." For example, the very first hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari is as follows: Al- Bukhari === AlHumaidi 'Abdullah b. al-Zubair === Sufyan === Yahya b. Sa'id al-Ansari === Muhammad b. Ibrahim al-Taymi === 'Alqamah b. Waqqas al-Laithi, who said: I heard 'Umar b. alKhattab saying, while on the pulpit, "I heard Allah's Messenger (pbuh) saying: The reward of
deeds depends on the intentions, and every person will get the reward according to what he has intended; so whoever emigrated for wordly benefits or for a woman to marry, his emigration was for what he migrated." Mauquf - "stopped": A narration from a Companion only, i.e. his own statement; e.g. al-Bukhari reports in his Sahih, in Kitab al-Fara'id (Book of the Laws of Inheritance), that Abu Bakr, Ibn 'Abbas and Ibn al-Zubair said, "The grandfather is (treated like) a father." It should be noted that certain expressions used by a Companion generally render a hadith to be considered as being effectively marfu' although it is mauquf on the face of it, e.g. the following: "We were commanded to ..." "We were forbidden from ..." "We used to do ..." "We used to say/do ... while the Messenger of Allah was amongst us." "We did not use to mind such-and-such..." "It used to be said ..." "It is from the Sunnah to ..." "It was revealed in the following circumstances: ...", speaking about a verse of the Qur'an. Maqtu'- "severed": A narration from a Successor, e.g. Muslim reports in the Introduction to his Sahih that Ibn Sirin (d. 110) said, "This knowledge (i.e. Hadith) is the Religion, so be careful from whom you take your religion."