Simple Present Perfect

What have you done? Qu has hecho? subject + have / has + 3

1 go 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I have gone You have gone He has gone She has gone It has gone We have gone You have gone They have gone Affirmative

Negative I haven't gone You haven't gone He hasn't gone She hasn't gone It hasn't gone We haven't gone You haven't gone They haven't gone

Interrogative Have I gone ? Have you gone ? Has he gone ? Has she gone ? Has it gone ? Have we gone ? Have you gone ? Have they gone ?

subject + have / has + 3

I have gone to New York - He ido a New York He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York Negative

subject + haven't / hasn't + 3

I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York Interrogative

Have / Has + subject + 3 ?

Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York ? Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York?

usos del presente perfecto simple

Por regla general, se lo utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado o que guardan alguna relacin con el presente.

Con el adverbio just: acciones que acaban de ocurrir.

The President has just arrived from the US. El Presidente acaba de llegar desde EEUU. They both have just left for Bogota. Ambos acaban de partir para Bogot.

Con las preposiciones for y since.

We have lived in Italy for three years. Hemos vivido en Italia durante tres aos. I haven't heard from you since 1990!! No he tenido noticias tuyas desde 1990!!

Con los adverbios yet y already.

They haven't taken the Basic Exam yet. No han rendido el Examen Bsico an. I have already taken the Intermediate Exam. Ya he rendido el Examen Intermedio.

Con el grado superlativo de un adjetivo.

OM Smiles has always been one of the funniest sections in OM Personal. OM Smiles ha sido siempre una de las secciones ms divertidas de OM Personal.

Con las expresiones: It's the first, It's the second, etc.
It's the first time I have flown United. Es la primera vez que vuelo por United. It's the second time she has had lunch today. Es la segunda vez que almuerza hoy.

expresiones usuales del presente perfecto simple

since - for - just - ago - lately yet - already - never - ever - recently

Progressive Present Perfect

What have you been doing? Qu has estado haciendo? subject + have / has + been + 1 > "ing"
1 go 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I have been going You have been going He has been going She has been going It has been going We have been going You have been going They have been going Affirmative

Negative I haven't been going You haven't been going He hasn't been going She hasn't been going It hasn't been going We haven't been going You haven't been going They haven't been going

Interrogative Have I been going ? Have you been going ? Has he been going ? Has she been going ? Has it been going ? Have we been going ? Have you been going ? Have they been going ?

subject + have/has + been + 1 > "ing"

I have been going to New York - He estado yendo a New York He has been going to New York - El ha estado yendo a New York Negative subject + haven't / hasn't + been + 1 > "ing" I haven't been going to New York - No he estado yendo a New York He hasn't been going to New York - El no ha estado yendo a New York Interrogative Have / Has + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ? Have I been going to New York? - He estado yendo a New York ? Has he been going to New York? - Ha estado l yendo a New York?

usos del presente perfecto continuo

Actividades que comenzaron en el pasado y continan en el presente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.
Monica and her husband have been living in Barcelona for ten years. Mnica y su esposo llevan viviendo en Barcelona diez aos.

Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y pueden o no haber finalizado recientemente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.
The weather is really bad. It has been raining all night. El tiempo est realmente malo. Ha estado lloviendo toda la noche.

Acciones del pasado que acaban de concluir y cuyo estado es evidente.

Hmm. Nice smelling!! Have you been cooking your birthday cake? Hmm. Qu lindo aroma!! Has estado cocinando tu torta de cumpleaos?

Simple Past Perfect

What had you done? Qu habas hecho?

subject + had + 3
Affirmative I had gone You had gone He had gone She had gone It had gone We had gone You had gone They had gone Affirmative Negative I hadn't gone You hadn't gone He hadn't gone She hadn't gone It hadn't gone We hadn't gone You hadn't gone They hadn't gone

1 go

2 went

3 gone

Interrogative Had I gone ? Had you gone ? Had he gone ? Had she gone ? Had it gone ? Had we gone ? Had you gone ? Had they gone ?

subject + had + 3

I had gone to New York - Yo haba ido a New York He had gone to New York - El haba a New York Negative

subject + hadn't + 3

I hadn't gone to New York - Yo no haba ido a New York He hadn't gone to New York - El no haba ido a New York Interrogative

Had + subject + 3 ?

Had I gone to New York? - Haba ido yo a New York ? Had he gone to New York? - Haba ido l a New York?

Progressive Past Perfect

What had you been doing? Qu habas estado haciendo? subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"
1 go 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I had been going You had been going He had been going She had been going It had been going We had been going You had been going They had been going Affirmative

Negative I hadn't been going You hadn't been going He hadn't been going She hadn't been going It hadn't been going We hadn't been going You hadn't been going They hadn't been going

Interrogative Had I been going ? Had you been going ? Had he been going ? Had she been going ? Had it been going ? Had we been going ? Had you been going ? Had they been going ?

subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"

I had been going to New York - Haba estado yendo a New York He had been going to New York - El haba estado yendo a New York Negative

subject + hadn't + been + 1 > "ing"

I hadn't been going to New York - No haba estado yendo a New York He hadn't been going to New York - El no haba estado yendo a New York Interrogative

Had + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ?

Had I been going to New York? - Haba estado yo yendo a New York ? Had he been going to New York? - Haba estado l yendo a New York?

usos del pasado perfecto continuo

Resalta la duracin de una accin que ocurri en el pasado antes que otra.
I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day. Estaba muy cansado cuando llegu a casa. Haba estado trabajando mucho todo el da. Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up. Ken haba estado fumando durante treinta aos cuando finalmente dej de fumar. The soccer game had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when a terrible storm began. El partido de ftbol tuvo que ser detenido. Haban estado jugando durante media hora cuando empez una espantosa tormenta.

Simple Future
What will you do? Qu hars?

subject + will + 1
Affirmative I will go You will go He will go She will go It will go We will go You will go They will go Affirmative I will go to New York - Ir a New York

1 go Negative

2 went

3 gone

Interrogative Will I go ? Will you go ? Will he go ? Will she go ? Will it go ? Will we go ? Will you go ? Will they go ?

I won't go You won't go He won't go She won't go It won't go We won't go You won't go They won't go

subject + will + 1

He will go to New York - El ir a New York Negative

subject + won't (will not) + 1

I won't go to New York - No ir a New York He won't go to New York - El no ir a New York Interrogative Will I go to New York ? - Ir a New York ? Will he go to New York ? - Ir l a New York ?

Will + subject + 1 ?

usos del futuro simple

Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro.
I will play tennis tomorrow. Jugar tenis maana. OM Personal will be six in 2005. OM Personal cumplir seis aos en el 2005.

Prediccin en el futuro.
It will snow tomorrow. Nevar maana.

Promesas.
"Every Argentinian will have a job in this blessed country." (Carlos Menem) "Todo Argentino tendr un puesto de trabajo en este bendito pas." (Carlos Menem)

Ofrecimientos.
I will stay with you all night if you really need it. Me quedar contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas.

Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contraccin 'll) para el futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural.
We shall go to the movies = We will go to the movies

We'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine.

expresiones usuales del futuro simple

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year

Progressive Future
What will you be doing? Qu estars haciendo? subject + will be + 1 > "ing"
1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I will be going You will be going He will be going She will be going It will be going We will be going You will be going They will be going Affirmative Negative I will not be going You will not be going He will not be going She will not be going It will not be going We will not be going You will not be going They will not be going Interrogative Will I be going ? Will you be going ? Will he be going ? Will she be going ? Will it be going ? Will we be going ? Will you be going ? Will they be going ?

subject + will be + 1 > "ing"

I will be going to New York - Estar yendo a New York He will be going to New York - El estar yendo a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) be + 1 > "ing" I won't be going to New York - No estar yendo a New York He won't be going to New York - El no estar yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Will I be going to New York ? - Estar yendo a New York ? Will he be going to New York ? - Estar l yendo a New York ?

usos del futuro continuo

Acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro y que, al momento del tiempo al que nos referimos, seguirn desarrollndose. No siempre se menciona en la oracin el momento del futuro.
We will be watching TV. Estaremos viendo televisin. Tonight we will be watching TV. Esta noche estaremos viendo televisin. She will be visiting me. Me estar visitando.

She will be visiting me on Sunday. Me estar visitando el domingo.

expresiones usuales del futuro continuo

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year

Simple Future Perfect

What will you have done? Qu habrs hecho? subject + will have + 3
1 go 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I will have gone You will have gone He will have gone She will have gone It will have gone We will have gone You will have gone They will have gone

Negative I will not have gone You will not have gone He will not have gone She will not have gone It will not have gone We will not have gone You will not have gone They will not have gone

Interrogative Will I have gone ? Will you have gone ? Will he have gone ? Will she have gone ? Will it have gone ? Will we have gone ? Will you have gone ? Will they have gone ?

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT = WON'T Affirmative

subject + will have + 3

I will have gone to New York - Habr ido a New York He will have gone to New York - El habr ido a New York Negative

subject + won't have + 3

I won't have gone to New York - No habr ido a New York He won't have gone to New York - El no habr ido a New York Interrogative

Will + subject + have + 3 ?

Will I have gone to New York? - Habr ido a New York ? Will he have gone to New York? - Habr ido l a New York?

usos del futuro perfecto

Acciones que ya se estn desarrollando o que se van a desarrollar en el futuro, pero que cuando llegue ese momento futuro que se menciona la accin ya habr finalizado.
By tomorrow I will have finished my book. Para maana, habr terminado este libro. Before winter, you will have sold your old car.

Antes del invierno, habrs vendido tu antiguo automvil. Before we arrive home, Mom will have prepared our breakfast. Antes de que lleguemos a casa, mam habr preparado nuestro desayuno. We will not have finished these reports by 7 pm!! No habremos finalizado estos informes para las 7 de la tarde!!

expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto

by 10 pm - by Monday - by tomorrow - by 2010 by next week - by next month - by next year

Progressive Future Perfect

What will you have been doing? Qu habrs estado haciendo?
subject + will have been + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I will have been going You will have been going He will have been going She will have been going It will have been going We will have been going You will have been going They will have been going Affirmative Negative I will not have been going You will not have been going He will not have been going She will not have been going It will not have been going We will not have been going You will not have been going They will not have been going Interrogative Will I have been going ? Will you have been going ? Will he have been going ? Will she have been going ? Will it have been going ? Will we have been going ? Will you have been going ? Will they have been going ?

subject + will have been + 1 > "ing"

I will have been going to New York - Habr estado yendo a New York He will have been going to New York - El habr estado yendo a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) have beeen + 1 > "ing" I won't have been going to New York - No habr estado yendo a New York He won't have been going to New York - El no habr estado yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Will I have been going to New York ? - Habr estado yendo a New York ? Will he have been going to New York ? - Habr l estado yendo a New York ?

usos del futuro perfecto continuo

Acontecimientos o acciones pertenecientes a un perodo de tiempo entre ahora y algn momento del futuro, que puede ser incompleto.
I will have been waiting here for five hours by 10 pm. Habr estado esperando aqu durante cinco horas cuando sean las 10 de la noche. By the time you finish our OM Basic Course, you will have been learning American English for six months. Para cuando finalices nuestro OM Curso Bsico, habrs estado aprediendo Ings Americano durante seis meses. By 2100 OM Personal will have been teaching on the Internet for a century. Para el 2100 OM Personal habr estado enseando en Internet durante un siglo.

expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto continuo

By the time you ... - By 2020 ... - By 8:00 am tomorrow ...

Simple Conditional
What would you do? Qu haras? subject + would + 1
1 go Negative I wouldn't go You wouldn't go He wouldn't go She wouldn't go It wouldn't go We wouldn't go You wouldn't go They wouldn't go 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I would go You would go He would go She would go It would go We would go You would go They would go Affirmative

Interrogative Would I go ? Would you go ? Would he go ? Would she go ? Would it go ? Would we go ? Would you go ? Would they go ?

subject + would + 1

I would go to New York - Yo ira a New York He would go to New York - El ira a New York Negative

subject + wouldn't + 1

I wouldn't go to New York - Yo no ira a New York He wouldn't go to New York - El no ira a New York Interrogative

Would + subject + 1 ?

Would I go to New York ? - Ira yo a New York ? Would he go to New York ? - Ira l a New York ?

usos del condicional simple

Comentarios acerca de algo que no es real en el presente pero que puede ser posible.
I would visit her if I had time. (I haven't got time but I might have some time) Yo la visitara si tuviese tiempo. (Realmente no tengo tiempo pero podra tenerlo)

Comentarios acerca de una situacin que no es real en estos momentos y que nunca podra serlo.
If I were you, I would give up smoking. (but I could never be you). Si estuviera en tu lugar, dejara el cigarrillo. (pero nunca podra estar en tu lugar)

Segundo Condicional (Condicional tipo II).

If I were a plant, I would love the rain. Si fuera un rbol, me encantara la lluvia. If you really loved me, you would buy me a Mercedes XL600. Si realmente me amaras, me compraras un Mercedes XL600. Would your father go to see the match if I gave him a free ticket? Ira tu padre a ver el partido si le diese una entrada gratis?

expresiones usuales del condicional simple

If I were ... - If she were ...

Progressive Conditional
What would you be doing? Qu estaras haciendo?
subject + would be + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I would be going You would be going He would be going She would be going It would be going We would be going You would be going They would be going Affirmative Negative I would not be going You would not be going He would not be going She would not be going It would not be going We would not be going You would not be going They would not be going Interrogative Would I be going ? Would you be going ? Would he be going ? Would she be going ? Would it be going ? Would we be going ? Would you be going ? Would they be going ?

subject + would be + 1 > "ing"

I would be going to New York - Yo estara yendo a New York He would be going to New York - El estara yendo a New York

Negative

subject + wouldn't (would not) be + 1 > "ing"

I wouldn't be going to New York - Yo no estara yendo a New York He wouldn't be going to New York - El no estara yendo a New York Interrogative Would + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Would I be going to New York ? - Estara yo yendo a New York ? Would he be going to New York ? - Estara l yendo a New York ?

usos del condicional continuo

Hechos o situaciones incompletas o contnuas, probablemente como resultado de una condicin irreal.
I would be working in New York by now if I spoke American English. (but I don't speak American English at all, so I am not working in New York). Estara trabajando en Nueva York en estos momentos si hablara Ingls Americano. (pero no hablo Ingls Americano, por lo tanto no estoy trabajando en Nueva York). Mabel would be living with Fernando if she wasn't living with her parents. (but Mabel is living with her parents, so she's not living with him). Mabel estara viviendo con Fernando si ella no estuviese viviendo con sus padres. (pero Mabel est viviendo con sus padres, por lo tanto no est viviendo con l). I wouldn't be eating this horrible cake if I wasn't extremely hungry. (but I'm starvng now, so I'm eating it). No estara comiendo esta espantosa torta si no tuviese tanto apetito. (pero me estoy muriendo de hambre, por lo tanto la estoy comiendo).

expresiones usuales del condicional continuo

If I had... I would... I wouldn't... if I had...

Simple Conditional Perfect

What would you have done? Qu habras hecho? subject + would have + 3
1 go 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I would have gone You would have gone He would have gone She would have gone It would have gone We would have gone You would have gone They would have gone

Negative I wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone He wouldn't have gone She wouldn't have gone It wouldn't have gone We wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone They wouldn't have gone

Interrogative Would I have gone ? Would you have gone ? Would he have gone ? Would she have gone ? Would it have gone ? Would we have gone ? Would you have gone ? Would they have gone ?

Affirmative

subject + would have + 3

I would have gone to New York - Yo habra ido a New York He would have gone to New York - El habra ido a New York Negative

subject + wouldn't have + 3

I wouldn't have gone to New York - Yo no habra ido a New York He wouldn't have gone to New York - El no habra ido a New York Interrogative

Would + subject + have 3 ?

Would I have gone to New York? - Habra ido yo a New York ? Would he have gone to New York? - Habra ido l a New York?

usos del condicional perfecto simple

Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver. If she had studied at OM Personal, she would have passed her FCE examination. Si hubiese estudiado en OM Personal, habra aprobado su examen de First Certificate. If I had known that Buenos Aires was so cheap, I would have gone there. Si hubiese sabido que Buenos Aires es tan barato, habra ido all.

expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto simple

if I had ... - if I were ... - if he were ...

Progressive Conditional Perfect

What would you have been doing? Qu habras estado haciendo?
subject + would have been + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative
I would have been going You would have been going He would have been going She would have been going It would have been going We would have been going You would have been going

Negative
I would not have been going You would not have been going He would not have been going She would not have been going It would not have been going We would not have been going You would not have been going

Interrogative
Would I have been going ? Would you have been going ? Would he have been going ? Would she have been going ? Would it have been going ? Would we have been going ? Would you have been going ?

They would have been going

They would not have been going

Would they have been going ?

Affirmative

subject + would have been + 1 > "ing"

I would have been going to New York - Yo habra estado yendo a N.Y. He would have been going to New York - El habra estado yendo a N.Y. Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) have been + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't have been going to New York - No habra estado yendo a N.Y. He wouldn't have been going to New York - El no habra estado yendo a N.Y. Interrogative Would + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Would I have been going to New York ? - Habra yo estado yendo a N.Y. ? Would he have been going to New York ? - Habra l estado yendo a N.Y. ?

usos del condicional perfecto continuo

Este tiempo verbal hace referencia al resultado incompleto de la accin de la clusula if y expresa este resultado como una accin continua o no finalizada.

Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.

If the weather had been better (but it wasn't), my sister-in-law would have been sitting in the garden when I arrived (but she wasn't and so I didn't see her). Si el tiempo hubiese estado mejor (pero no fue as), mi cuada habra estado sentada en el jardn cuando yo llegu (pero no lo estaba y, por lo tanto, no la v). If the youngsters had known it was dangerous, they would not have been climbing such a mountain. Si los jvenes hubiesen sabido que era peligroso, no habran estado escalando semejante montaa. If I had had more money, I would have been travelling all around Europe with my friends that summer. Si hubiese tenido ms dinero, habra estado recorriendo toda Europa con mis amigos ese verano.

expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto continuo

if I had had ... - if he had known ...

Simple Modals
What (can/could) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (may/might) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (must/should) you do? Qu (debes/deberas) hacer? subject + modal + 1
1 go Negative I can't go I couldn't go I may not go I might not go I mustn't go I shouldn't go 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I can go I could go I may go I might go I must go I should go Affirmative

Interrogative Can I go ? Could I go ? May I go ? Might I go ? Must I go ? Should I go ?

subject + modal + 1

I can go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (posibilidad fsica, conocimiento) I could go to New York - Podra ir a New York (alternativa) I may go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (permiso) I might go to New York - Podra ir a New York (posibilidad) I must go to New York - Debo ir a New York (obligacin) I should go to New York - Debera ir a New York (obligacin moral, consejo) Negative

subject + modal + not + 1

I can't go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I couldn't go to New York - No podra ir a New York I may not go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I might not go to New York - No podra ir a New York I mustn't go to New York - No debo ir a New York I shouldn't go to New York - No debera ir a New York Interrogative

modal + subject + 1 ?

Can I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Could I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ? May I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Might I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ? Must I go to New York ? - Debo ir a New York ? Should I go to New York ? - Debera ir a New York ?

Progressive Modals
What (can/could) you be doing? Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo? What (may/might) you be doing? Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo? What (must/should) you be doing? Qu (debes/deberas) estar haciendo? subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing"
Affirmative I can be going I could be going I may be going I might be going I must be going I should be going Affirmative 1 go Negative I can't be going I couldn't be going I may not be going I might not be going I mustn't be going I shouldn't be going 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative Can I be going ? Could I be going ? May I be going ? Might I be going ? Must I be going ? Should I be going ?

subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing"

I can be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (posib. fsica, conocimiento) I could be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (alternativa) I may be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (permiso) I might be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (posibilidad) I must be going to New York - Debo estar yendo a NY (obligacin) I should be going to New York - Debera estar yendo a NY (oblig. moral, consejo) Negative subject + modal + not be + 1 > "ing" I can't be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I couldn't be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I may not be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I might not be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I mustn't be going to New York - No debo estar yendo a NY I shouldn't be going to New York - No debera estar yendo a NY Interrogative modal + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Can I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY ? Could I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ? May I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY? Might I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ? Must I be going to New York ? - Debo estar yendo a NY ? Should I be going to New York ? - Debera estar yendo a NY ?