ANNEXURE

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Case Study 1:Technology changing the face of education

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Technology is changing rapidlywith new innovations and discoveries being made across the world. The changehas touched our lives, directly and indirectly. One of the core aspects of anindividual s life is education and today, technology through theavailability of expansive data and information is bringing about a revolutionin this world.

Technological advances likee-learning, internet, educational cds, digital classrooms, etc. are beingembraced by several educational institutions to provide the students with largeamounts of relevant information. The institutions today can have classes withlecturers from across the world or even virtual classrooms where skills andlearning can be put to practical use to the extent unimaginable a few yearsback. Also, the delivery of the information through these mediums are in a muchmore interactive and creative manner than textbooks, resulting in there being ashift in the culture of learning from memorizing to understanding . The usage of technology hasalready become an integral part of higher education and has been rapidlytrickling down to touch the students at the beginner level. Recently, a schoolin Mumbai informed all the students from medium school onwards to purchaseelectronic tablets for their educational purposes. This is a display of thedrastic change in the educational patterns and processes. In such age of technologicalchange, the role of teachers is also changing. They are no longer the bearer ofknowledge,

the one and only point of contact to provide information and solutions.The students are faced with a different problem today, the issue being theexcess of information available to the students. There is need for the teacherto be a mentor and guide the students through the chaotic bombardment ofinformation in a structured manner. There have been several issuesidentified in the form of rising costs, accessibility to technology, etc.However, as put by Mr. Arnab Ganguly, former chairman of CBSE, Technology is playing a vital role in education in developed countriesand this is the fact we can not escape from .

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Case Study 2: Social networking in our lives

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The world today has shrunk andit is rightly referred to as a global village, with information, data and newsflying across to different corners at the blink of an eye. All it requires isthe click of a button and all the information you need is in front of you onyour screen. The availability of information has also extended to our personallives with the entrance of social networking platforms.

Today, the availability of thesocial networking platforms like Facebook, Google+, Orkut, Twitter, LinkedIn,etc. information about individuals is freely available to all. One can easilybe in touch with thousands of individuals across different phases of theirlife. One is regularly updated with personal information, photographs,thoughts, opinions, and lots of other aspects of an individual s life.

The nature of socialrelationships is also undergoing a change. Earlier friends would have picked upthe phone to reach out to a friend, today they might choose to poke the friend on facebook or write on the friend s wall.Though the number of people the individual is in touch with in the virtualworld increases drastically, it is seen that the individuals personalinteraction with individuals reduces. The virtual contact creates a false senseof being in touch with others, though the personal one on one interactions withindividuals which are vital to any form of relationship are reduced.

About twenty years ago, theBritish anthropologist, Robin Dunbar, observed an association between the sizesof primate brains--specifically the size of the neocortex--and the number ofsocial contacts. Chimps can process a smaller number of contacts than humans.Dunbar concluded that humans can handle regular contact with a number offriends somewhere between 100 and 200, and 150 became the standard Dunbarnumber for our species. So, though the social networks tend to give theperception of an increased friend circle, the individuals are actually in touchwith much lesser. There are also cases of enhanced loneliness amongstindividuals since the only interaction with their friends might be through thevirtual media.

Sonal .

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Case Study 3:FDI in Indian retails- Boon or Bane?

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The Indian economy hascontinuously recorded high growth rates over the past decade. As per the IndianPrime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, the Indian economy is expected to grow ataround 7.5% over the coming years. One of the major contibutors to the growthshall be the Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and it is predicted that over thenext two years, India could attract FDI worth US$ 80 billion. The latestavailable data from the Reserve Bank of India shows a 77 per cent jump in theFDI in the first half of the current financial year (April-September), comparedto what was US$ 19.5 billion during the same period a year ago.

FDI refers to aninvestment made to acquire lasting or long-term interest in enterprisesoperating outside of the economy of the investor. It is a major source ofexternal finance which means that countries with limited amounts of capital canreceive finance beyond national borders from wealthier countries. In case ofIndia, countries such as Singapore, the US and the UK are amongst the leadingsources of FDI. The sectors which attract higher inflows are services,telecommunication, construction activities and computer software and hardware.

Another sector which islooking at benefitting from FDI is the retail sector. There have beendiscussions about FDI being opened up in retail which has drawn a lot ofsupport from international retailers like Walmart and Tesco. It is also beingseen as the means to put a structure in place to the highly unorganized retailstructure prevalent in the country. The additional benefits in the form oflower costs and enhanced technologies make it an attractive proposition.

However, the policy decisionis faced with some resistance from internal organized retailers as well as somerepresentatives of the unorganized sector. The entry of a new competitors inthe retail sector is being viewed as a threat by current players in the market.

Sonal .

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Case Study 4:Generalization or Specialization?

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I remember the days when if Ifell ill, my mother would take me to a general physician. The doctor wouldprescribe some medicines as per his initial diagnosis of the illness and pastexperience. In case of a failure in effectiveness of the medicine, otheroptions were sought to address the illness. Zooming ahead to 2012, today welook at specialization in all fields. Today if the child s ear is blockedthe mother will take him to an ENT specialist.

Laws of economics supports thepractice, whereby, specialization and division of labour is expected to providehighest levels of productivity. This idea was, first, put forth by Mr. AdamSmith, the father of modern economics, in his book Wealth of theNations . Under this regime each worker becomes an expert in one isolatedarea of production, thus increasing his efficiency. The fact that laborers donot have to switch tasks during the day further saves time and money.Specialization has also been the basis of trade between nations. The countriesspecialized in commodities that their resources could produce efficiently andthen proceeded to trade. It was observed that the world productivity levelsimproved massively.

The world today is shiftingfrom demanding a jack of all trades to demanding the master . The abundance of information in today s world leadsto any person adept at internet search skills is able to provide a generalperspective about any topic under the sun. The need is to be able to provide a indepth idea about the topic. Also, the level of competition in today sworld leaves no scope for error and thereby, comes the demand forspecialization. With a team of such specialists, the performance deliveredtends to have been scrutinized from the different perspectives, leaving lesserscope for flaws.

The shift to specializationhas influenced the growth of new industries and markets. It has also influencedour lifestyle, career choices and decisions. The need of the hour today is tohone the skill that exists nowhere but in yourself and thereby making oneselfindispensible.

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