What are Adjectival Tourisms?

Adjectival Tourisms are all those forms of tourism that have an adjective in front of them. The first is niche tourism markets -- those that focus on the special interests of particular clients. This is also known as Specialty Tourism. The second approach consists of ways that academics describing the phenomenon of tourism and broad forms of tourism, including the tourism and travel experience and tourism landscapes and economies. I refer to these as Conceptual Tourisms Specialty Niche Tourism Markets

Agritourism Birth tourism Culinary tourism Cultural tourism Extreme tourism Geotourism Heritage tourism LGBT tourism

Medical tourism Nautical tourism Pop-culture tourism Religious tourism Slum tourism Space tourism War tourism Wildlife tourism

Agritourism, as it is defined most broadly, involves any agriculturally-based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farmor ranch. Agritourism has different definitions in different parts of the world, and sometimes refers specifically to farm stays, as in Italy. Elsewhere, agritourism includes a wide variety of activities, including buying produce direct from a farm stand, navigating a corn maze, picking fruit, feeding animals. Agritourism is a form of niche tourism that is considered a growth industry in many parts of the world, including Australia, Canada, and the United States. "Birth tourism" is a term for travelling to a country that practices birthright citizenship in order to give birth there, so that the child will be a citizen of the destination country. Culinary tourism or food tourism is experiencing the food of the country, region or area, and is now considered a vital component of the tourism experience. Dining out is common among tourists and "food is believed to rank alongside climate, accommodation, and scenery" in importance to tourists.
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Extreme tourism or shock tourism is a type of niche tourism involving travel to dangerous places (mountains, jungles, deserts, caves, etc.) or participation in dangerous events. Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the main attraction, "adrenaline rush" caused by an element of risk, and differing mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism.

Geotourism is "best practice" tourism that sustains, or even enhances, the geographical character of a place, such as its culture, environment, heritage, and the well-being of its residents. The concept was introduced Cultural heritage tourism (or just heritage tourism or diaspora tourism) is a branch of tourism oriented towards the cultural heritage of the location where tourism is occurring. The National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States defines heritage tourism as travelling to experience the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past," and cultural heritage tourism is defined as travelling to experience the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past and present." Medical tourism (also called medical travel, health tourism or global healthcare) is a term initially coined by travel agencies and the mass media to describe the rapidly-growing practice of travelling across international borders to obtain health care. It also refers pejoratively to the practice of healthcare providers travelling internationally to deliver healthcare Religious Tourism (or Faith Tourism; includes Pilgrimage. War tourism is a term the media uses to describe the idea of recreational travel to war zones for purposes of sightseeing and superficial voyeurism. War tourist is also a pejorative term to describe thrill seeking in dangerous and forbidden places. There have been a number of tourists caught up in war torn regions, many who visit active war zones like Israel, Lebanon, Myanmar, Algeria, Colombia and other regions at war. Wildlife tourism can be broadly defined as trips to destinations with the main purpose of visit being to observe the local fauna. This therefore implies that wildlife tourism includes other niche markets such as bird watching and the exploration of marine life (Such as whale watching). Space tourism is space travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. Slum tourism is a type of tourism that involves visiting impoverished areas, which has become increasingly prominent in several developing countries like India, Brazil, Kenya, and Indonesia.
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Pop-culture tourism is the act of traveling to locations featured in literature, film, music, or any other form of popular entertainment. Nautical tourism is an increasingly popular way to combine love of sailing and boating with vacation and holiday activities. Nautical Tourism must therefore be considered a tourist product, related with entertainment activities in contact with bodies of water, where many different nautical activities can take place, always with an ecological outlook and respect for nature. In addition to its being an important complimentary offer for a tourist destination, it is also a well defined product whose main characteristic to offer is the ocean'. Nautical Tourism can include such activities as recreational boating, marinas, cruises, water sports, water based tourism such as marine wildlife tourism (marine parks), maritime history and education and associated land based components such as hotels/resorts, cafes/restaurants.

Gay tourism or LGBT tourism is a form of niche tourism marketed to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. They are usually open about their sexual orientation and gender identity but may be more or less open when traveling; for instance they may be closeted at home or if they have come out, may be more discreet in areas known for .violence against LGBT people. The main components of LGBT tourism is for cities and countries wishing to attract LGBT tourists; people looking to travel to LGBT-friendly destinations; people wanting travel with other LGBT people when traveling regardless of the destination and LGBT travelers who are mainly concerned with cultural and safety issues. Gay travel destinations are popular among practitioners of gay tourism because they usually have permissive or liberal attitudes towards gays, feature a prominent gay infrastructure (bars, businesses, restaurants, hotels, nightlife, entertainment, media, organizations, etc.).

CONCEPTUAL TOURISM Domestic Tourism National Tourism International Tourism Internal Tourism External Tourism
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 Inbound Tourism Outbound Tourism

REFERENCES

Altinay L & Paraskevas A (2008) Planning research in hospitality and tourism (Butterworth-Heinemann) Buhalis, D., 2003, eTourism: Information Technology for strategic tourism management, Pearson Brotherton, B. (2008) Researching Hospitality and Tourism: A Student Guide (Sage Publications), Jennings, G. (2006) Tourism Research (John Wiley & Sons,Australia)., Veal, A. J, (2006) Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism: A Practical Guide, 3rd ed (Prentice Hall), Smith, S. (2010) Practical Tourism Research (CABI).