Math 465

Sample Quiz #2

Winter 2011

Section 1.4 Exercises (page 36) Problems: 1.4-1 through 1.4-12, 1.4-14, 1.4-16 through 1.4-18, 1.4-19 (a) through (d) Section 1.5 Exercises (page 43) Problems: 1.5-1 through 1.5-17, 1.5-19 (a), 1.5-20 (a) and (b) 1. A box contains 20 red balls, 30 white balls, and 50 blue balls. Suppose that 10 balls are selected at random one at a time, with replacement. Determine the probability that at least one color will be missing from the selected balls. (.5)10 + (.7)10 + (.8)10 ((.2)10 + (.3)10 + (.5)10 ) 2. Two distinct dice are rolled repeatedly and the sum of the outcomes is observed for each roll. Find the probability that the sum 9 is observed before the sum 7. 4 P(the sum is 9| the sum is 7 or 9) = 6+4 3. Suppose that two players A and B take turns rolling a pair of balanced dice, and that the winner is the rst player who obtains the sum of 7 on a given roll of the two dice. If A rolls rst, what is the probability that B will win? 51 5551 555551 15 52 54 5 1 52 6 6 + 6 6 6 6 + 6 6 6 6 6 6 + . . . = 6 6 (1 + 62 + 64 + . . .) = 62
1 62

4. Three players A, B, and C take turn tossing a fair coin. Suppose that A tosses the coin rst, B tosses second, and C tosses third; and this cycle is repeated indenitely until someone wins by being the rst player to obtain a head. Determine the probability that each of three players will win? 1 1 P(A wins) = 1 + 24 + . . . = 12 1 = 4 2 7 P(B wins) = 2 , P(C wins) = 7
1 7
23

5. An urn contains 9 balls marked LOSE and 3 balls marked WIN. You and an opponent take turns selecting at random a single ball from the urn without replacement. The person who selects the third WIN ball wins the game. It does not matter who selected the rst two WIN balls. (a) If you draw rst, nd the probability that you win the game on your second draw. (3) 1 2 (12) 10 2 (b) If you draw rst, nd the probability that your opponent wins the game on his second draw. (3)(9) 1 1 2 (12) 9 3 (c) If you draw rst, nd the probability that you win the game. Hint: You could win on your second, third, fourth , . . ., or tenth draw, not on your rst. (3) 1 (3)(9) 1 (3)(9) 1 (3)(9) 1 (3)(9) 1 2 2 2 + 2 12 4 6 + 2 12 6 4 + 2 12 8 2 12 10 + (2) (12) 8 (6) (8) (10) 4 6. In a string of 12 Christmas tree light bulbs, 3 are defective. The bulbs are selected at random and tested, one at a time, until the third defective bulb is found. Compute the probability that the third defective bulb is the (a) fourth bulb tested. (3)(9) 1 2 1 (12) 9 3 (b) ninth bulb tested (3)(9) 1 2 6 (12) 4 8 7. A small grocery store had 12 cartons of milk, 3 of which were sour. If you are going to buy the fth carton of milk sold that day at random, compute the probability of selecting a carton of sour milk. (3)(9) 1 2 6 (12) 4 8 8. You are a member of a class of 18 students. A bowl contains 18 chips, 3 blue and 15 red. Each student is to take 1 chip from the bowl without replacement. The student who draws the blue chip is guaranteed an A for the course. If you are drawing sixth, nd the probability that you will 1

draw a blue chip. (3)(33) 3 (3)(33) 2 (3)(33) 1 0 5 + 1 36 4 31 + 2 36 3 31 36 ( 5 ) 31 (5) (5) 9. A drawer contains 8 black, 6 brown, and 10 olive socks. Two socks are selected at random from the drawer. (a) Compute the probability that both socks are of the same color. (8)+(6)+(10) 2 2 2 (24) 2 (b) Compute the probability that both socks are olive, if it is known that they are of the same color.10 (2) (8)+(6)+(10) 2 2 2 10. Bowl A contains 3 red and 2 white chips, and bowl B contains 4 red and 3 white chips. A chip is drawn at random from bowl A and transferred to bowl B. Compute the probability of then drawing red chip from bowl B. 24 35 58 + 58 11. 1.4-19 An urn contains four balls numbered 1 through 4. The balls are selected one at a time without replacement. A match occurs if ball number m is the mth ball selected. Let the event Ai denote a match on the ith draw, i = 1, 2, . . . , m. Show that 2! 3! (a) P(Ai ) = 4! . (b) P(Ai Aj ) = 4! . (c) P(Ai Aj Ak ) = 1! . (d) The probability of at least 4! 1 1 1 one match is P(A1 A2 A3 A4 ) = 1 2! + 3! 4! . (e) Extend this exercise so that there are n balls in the urn. Show that the probability of at least one match is P(A1 A2 . . . An ) = n+1 1 1 1 1 2! + 3! 4! + . . . + (1) n! 12. Suppose that two dice are to be rolled repeatedly and the sum T of the two numbers is to be observed for each roll. We want to determine the probability that the value T=7 will be observed before the value T=8 is observed. 4 P(SUM is 7|SUM is 7 or SUM is 8)= 4+6 . 13. Flip an unbiased coin seven independent times. Compute the probability of (a) HTHTHHT. 1 ( 2 )7 (b) Three heads occurring in seven trials. 7 1 7 3 (2) 14. An urn contains 15 red balls and 15 white balls. The balls are drawn from the urn at random, one at a time, nd the probability that the third white ball is the sixth ball drawn if the sampling is done (a) With replacement. 5 1 2 1 31 2 (2) (2) 2 (b) Without replacement. (15)(15) 13 2 3 (30) 25 5 15. An urn contains ve balls, one marked WIN and four marked LOSE. You and another player take turn selecting a ball from the urn, one at a time. The rst person to select WIN ball is the winner. If you draw rst, nd the probability that you will win if the sampling is done (a) With replacement.
1 5

+
1 5

441 555

44441 55555

+ . . .) = 1 (1 + 5

42 52

44 54

+ . . .) =

1 1 5 1 42 52

5 9

(b) Without replacement.

(4) 1 (4) 1 2 + 4 (5) 3 (5) 1 2 4

16. An urn contains four balls numbered 1 through 4. The balls are selected one at a time. A match occurs if ball number m is the mth ball selected. Find the probability of at least one match if the sampling is done (a) With replacement. 1 ( 3 )4 4 (b) Without replacement. 1
1 2! 1 3!

1 4!